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Dela Cruz Calupitan JP, Galangau O, Nakashima T, Kawai T, Rapenne G. Photochromic Diarylethenes Designed for Surface Deposition: From Self-Assembled Monolayers to Single Molecules. Chempluschem 2020; 84:564-577. [PMID: 31944023 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The efficient switching that can occur between two stable isomers of diarylethenes makes them particularly promising targets for opto- and molecular electronics. To examine these classes of molecules for electronics applications, they have been subjected to a series of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments, which are the focus of this Review. A brief introduction to the chemical design of diarylethenes in terms of their switching capabilities along with the basics of STM are presented. Next, initial STM studies on these compounds under ambient conditions are discussed. An overview of how molecular design affects the isomerization and self-assembly of diarylethenes at the solid-liquid interface as investigated by STM is then presented, as well as single-molecule studies under ultrahigh vacuum. The last section presents further prospects for molecular design in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Patrick Dela Cruz Calupitan
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, 29 rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Galangau
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, 29 rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, 29 rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan.,International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems, NAIST-CEMES, 29 rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France.,Université de Toulouse CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
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Vemuri GN, Pandian RR, Spinello BJ, Stopler EB, Kinney ZJ, Hartley CS. Twist sense control in terminally functionalized ortho-phenylenes. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8260-8270. [PMID: 30542575 PMCID: PMC6240895 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02821d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral groups induce opposite twist senses of o-phenylene helices depending on their positions in dynamic mixtures.
Many abiotic foldamers are based on achiral repeat units but adopt chiral geometries, especially helices. In these systems, there is no inherent preference for one handedness of the fold; however, it is well-established that the point chirality of substituents can be communicated to the helix. This capability represents a basic level of control over folding that is necessary for applications in molecular recognition and in the assembly of higher-order structures. The ortho-phenylenes are a structurally simple class of aromatic foldamers that fold into helices driven by arene–arene stacking interactions. Although their folding is now reasonably well-understood, access to o-phenylenes enriched in one twist sense has been limited to resolution, yielding conformationally dynamic samples that racemize over the course of minutes to hours. Here, we report a detailed structure–property study of chiral induction from o-phenylene termini using a combination of NMR spectroscopy, CD spectroscopy, and computational chemistry. We uncover mechanistic details of chiral induction and show that the same substituents can give effective twist sense control in opposite directions in mixtures of interconverting conformers; that is, they are “ambidextrous”. This behavior should be general and can be rationalized using a simple model based on sterics, noting that arene–arene stacking is, to a first approximation, unaffected by flipping either partner. We demonstrate control over this mechanism by showing that chiral groups can be chosen such that they both favor one orientation and provide effective chiral induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Nath Vemuri
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA .
| | - Rathiesh R Pandian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA .
| | - Brian J Spinello
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA .
| | - Erika B Stopler
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA .
| | - Zacharias J Kinney
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA .
| | - C Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry , Miami University , Oxford , OH 45056 , USA .
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3
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Lvov AG, Khusniyarov MM, Shirinian VZ. Azole-based diarylethenes as the next step towards advanced photochromic materials. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang HH, Zhu YX, Wang W, Zhu J, Bonnesen PV, Hong K. Controlled synthesis of ortho, para-alternating linked polyarenes via catalyst-transfer Suzuki coupling polymerization. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00070k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel class of ortho, para-alternating linked polyarenes is synthesized via catalyst-transfer Suzuki coupling polymerization with Pd2(dba)3/t-Bu3P/p-BrC6H4COPh as initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P.R. China
| | - Yu-Xing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM)
- Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech)
- Nanjing 211816
- P.R. China
| | - Weiyu Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Jiahua Zhu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Peter V. Bonnesen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
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5
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Dela Cruz Calupitan JP, Galangau O, Guillermet O, Coratger R, Nakashima T, Rapenne G, Kawai T. Synthesis and Photochromism of Chloro- and tert
-Butyl-Functionalized Terarylene Derivatives for Surface Deposition. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Patrick Dela Cruz Calupitan
- CEMES-CNRS (UPR 8011); NAIST-CEMES International Collaborative Laboratory; 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP94347 31055 Toulouse France
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; 8916-5 Takayama Ikoma, Nara Japan
- Université de Toulouse; 29 rue Marvig, BP94347 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Olivier Galangau
- CEMES-CNRS (UPR 8011); NAIST-CEMES International Collaborative Laboratory; 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP94347 31055 Toulouse France
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; 8916-5 Takayama Ikoma, Nara Japan
| | - Olivier Guillermet
- Université de Toulouse; 29 rue Marvig, BP94347 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Roland Coratger
- Université de Toulouse; 29 rue Marvig, BP94347 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; 8916-5 Takayama Ikoma, Nara Japan
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- CEMES-CNRS (UPR 8011); NAIST-CEMES International Collaborative Laboratory; 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP94347 31055 Toulouse France
- Université de Toulouse; 29 rue Marvig, BP94347 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- CEMES-CNRS (UPR 8011); NAIST-CEMES International Collaborative Laboratory; 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP94347 31055 Toulouse France
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology; 8916-5 Takayama Ikoma, Nara Japan
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Kanazawa R, Nakashima T, Kawai T. Photophysical Properties of a Terarylene Photoswitch with a Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Bridging Unit. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1638-1646. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kanazawa
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate
School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
- NAIST-CEMES
International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive System, Cebtre d’Élaboration de Matériaux et d’Etudes Structurales, CEMES, 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, Toulouse 31055, France
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Zhang HH, Ma C, Bonnesen PV, Zhu J, Sumpter BG, Carrillo JMY, Yin P, Wang Y, Li AP, Hong K. Helical Poly(5-alkyl-2,3-thiophene)s: Controlled Synthesis and Structure Characterization. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hai Zhang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, and §Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Chuanxu Ma
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, and §Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Peter V. Bonnesen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, and §Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jiahua Zhu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, and §Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, and §Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jan-Michael Y. Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, and §Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Panchao Yin
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, and §Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, and §Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - An-Ping Li
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, and §Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kunlun Hong
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, ‡Computer Science & Mathematics Division, and §Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Abstract
In nature, the folding of oligomers and polymers is used to generate complex three-dimensional structures, yielding macromolecules with diverse functions in catalysis, recognition, transport, and charge- and energy-transfer. Over the past 20-30 years, chemists have sought to replicate this strategy by developing new foldamers: oligomers that fold into well-defined secondary structures in solution. A wide array of abiotic foldamers have been developed, ranging from non-natural peptides to aromatics. The ortho-phenylenes represent a recent addition to the family of aromatic foldamers. Despite their structural simplicity (chains of benzenes connected at the ortho positions), it was not until 2010 that systematic studies of o-phenylenes showed that they reliably fold into helices in solution (and in the solid state). This conformational behavior is of fundamental interest: o-Arylene and o-heteroarylene structures are found embedded within many other systems, part of an emerging interest in sterically congested polyphenylenes. Further, o-phenylenes are increasingly straightforward to synthesize because of continuing developments in arene-arene coupling, the Asao-Yamamoto benzannulation, and benzyne polymerization. In this Account, we discuss the folding of o-phenylenes with emphasis on features that make them unique among aromatic foldamers. Interconversion between their different backbone conformers is slow on the NMR time scale around room temperature. The (1)H NMR spectra of oligomers can therefore be deconvoluted to give sets of chemical shifts for different folding states. The chemical shifts are both highly sensitive to conformation and readily predicted using ab initio methods, affording critical information about the conformational distribution. The picture that emerges is that o-phenylenes fold into helices with offset stacking between every third repeat unit. In general, misfolding occurs primarily at the oligomer termini (i.e., "frayed ends"). Because of their structural simplicity, the folding can be described by straightforward models. The overall population can be divided into two enantiomeric pools, with racemization and misfolding as two distinct processes. Examination of substituent effects on folding reveals that the determinant of the relative stability of different conformers is (offset) aromatic stacking interactions parallel to the helical axis. That is, the folding of o-phenylenes is analogous to that of α-helices, with aromatic stacking in place of hydrogen bonding. The folding propensity can be tuned using well-known substituent effects on aromatic stacking, with moderate electron-withdrawing substituents giving nearly perfect folding. The combination of a simple folding mechanism and readily characterized conformational populations makes o-phenylenes attractive structural motifs for incorporation into more-complex architectures, an important part of the next phase of foldamer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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Iijima S, Nakashima T, Kawai T. Stereoselective photoreaction in P-stereogenic dithiazolylbenzo[b]phosphole chalcogenides. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02446g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diastereoselective photoreaction of dithiazolylbenzo[b]phosphole chalcogenides was achieved by means of the conformational control of the photoprecursor state by intramolecular interactions involving the stereogenic phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Iijima
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- NAIST
- Nara
- Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- NAIST
- Nara
- Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- NAIST
- Nara
- Japan
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10
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Hashimoto Y, Nakashima T, Shimizu D, Kawai T. Photoswitching of an intramolecular chiral stack in a helical tetrathiazole. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5171-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chiroptical photoswitch based on a tetrathiazole is prepared, which demonstrates dynamic modulation of circularly polarized luminescence from a pyrene excimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Nara 630-0192
- Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Nara 630-0192
- Japan
| | - Daiya Shimizu
- Advanced Chemistry Course
- Osaka Prefecture University College of Technology
- Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8572
- Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- Ikoma
- Nara 630-0192
- Japan
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11
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Li R, Nakashima T, Galangau O, Iijima S, Kanazawa R, Kawai T. Photon-Quantitative 6π-Electrocyclization of a Diarylbenzo[b]thiophene in Polar Medium. Chem Asian J 2015; 10:1725-30. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201500328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiji Li
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST; 8916-5 Takayama Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST; 8916-5 Takayama Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Olivier Galangau
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST; 8916-5 Takayama Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
- NAIST-CEMES International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems; Centre d'Élaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales, CEMES; 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347 Toulouse 31055 France
| | - Shunsuke Iijima
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST; 8916-5 Takayama Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Rui Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST; 8916-5 Takayama Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Materials Science; Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST; 8916-5 Takayama Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
- NAIST-CEMES International Collaborative Laboratory for Supraphotoactive Systems; Centre d'Élaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales, CEMES; 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347 Toulouse 31055 France
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12
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Kanazawa R, Taguchi M, Nakashima T, Kawai T. Experimental and theoretical investigation of tetra-oxidized terarylenes with high-contrast fluorescence switching. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj01490e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photochromic tetra-oxidized terarylenes with ethyl-substituents at the reactive carbon atoms are demonstrated as turn-on fluorescent molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Kanazawa
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- NAIST
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Maki Taguchi
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- NAIST
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- NAIST
- Ikoma
- Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Graduate School of Materials Science
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology
- NAIST
- Ikoma
- Japan
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