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Kim SW, Cho JY, Min KB, Lee SR, Han JT, Kim YK. Exploring the Chemical Structures and Phototochemical Properties of Graphene Oxide Derivatives by Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry to Develop an Efficient Platform for Mass Spectrometric Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:43092-43101. [PMID: 36467915 PMCID: PMC9713797 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) analysis is harnessed to investigate the chemical structure and photochemical properties of two distinct graphene oxide (GO) derivatives simultaneously. The GO derivatives are synthesized with modified Brodie's method (BGO) and Hummers' method (HGO) and characterized by LDI-TOF-MS as well as conventional tools. A series of LDI-TOF-MS analyses reveal that BGO provides higher laser energy absorption, photochemical stability, and photothermal conversion property than HGO based on their fragmentation patterns and laser desorption/ionization behavior of a thermometer molecule. Based on these characteristics, BGO exhibits higher efficiency in the LDI-TOF-MS analysis of various small molecules and synthetic polymers than HGO. These different photochemical properties of BGO are derived from its large sp2 carbon domains compared to HGO. Based on our findings, the analytical potential of LDI-TOF-MS for GO derivatives is clearly demonstrated, which can be an efficient and unique characterization tool to explore both chemical structures and photochemical properties of various carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro,
Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Joon Young Cho
- Nano
Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea
Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), 12, Jeonjiui-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon 51543, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Electro-Functionality Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 12, Jeonjiui-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon 51543, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kyoung Bin Min
- Department
of Chemistry, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro,
Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Sang-Ryong Lee
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Tark Han
- Nano
Hybrid Technology Research Center, Korea
Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), 12, Jeonjiui-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon 51543, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Electro-Functionality Material Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), 12, Jeonjiui-gil, Seongsan-gu, Changwon 51543, Republic
of Korea
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro,
Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, South Korea
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2
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Kwon YB, Cho SY, Jang H, Kim JH, Kim YK. Lateral Size Effect of Graphene Oxide on Its Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Property. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:14205-14213. [PMID: 34806387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The lateral size effect of graphene oxide (GO) on surfaced-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) property is systematically investigated by using size-fractionalized GO. For the size fractionalization without changes of chemical structure, large-sized GO (LGO) and small-sized GO (SGO) are separated from the as-synthesized GO (AGO) by centrifugation and membrane filtration, respectively. The size-fractionalized GO sheets are immobilized on a solid substrate for the parallel comparison of their SERS property. As a result, we find that LGO shows considerably higher SERS property than SGO for typical Raman probes such as rhodamine 6G and crystal violet. Furthermore, the lateral size effect of GO derivatives is consistently observed when they are hybridized with plasmonic silver nanoparticles. These results indicate that LGO is superior to AGO and SGO as a SERS platform, and it is also quantitatively confirmed by calculating their enhancement factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo-Bin Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, South Korea
| | - Se Youn Cho
- Carbon Composite Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55324, South Korea
| | - Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, 20 Gwangwoon-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01897, South Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, 30 Pildong-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, South Korea
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3
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Ma W, Li J, Li X, Bai Y, Liu H. Nanostructured Substrates as Matrices for Surface Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Progress Report from Material Research to Biomedical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100762. [PMID: 34927930 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Within the past two decades, the escalation of research output in nanotechnology fields has boosted the development of novel nanoparticles and nanostructured substrates for use as matrices in surface assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS). The application of nanomaterials as matrices, rather than organic matrices, offers remarkable characteristics that allow the analysis of small molecules with fewer matrix interfering peaks, and share higher detection sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. The technological advancement of SALDI-MS has in turn, propelled the application of the analytical technique in the field of biomedical analysis. In this review, the properties and fabrication methods of nanostructured substrates in SALDI-MS such as metallic-, carbon-, and silicon-based nanostructures, quantum dots, metal-organic frameworks, and covalent-organic frameworks are described. Additionally, the latest progress (most within 5 years) of biomedical applications in small molecule, large biomolecule, and MS imaging analysis including metabolite profiling, drug monitoring, bacteria identification, disease diagnosis, and therapeutic evaluation are demonstrated. Key parameters that govern nanomaterial's SALDI efficiency in biomolecule analysis are also discussed. Finally, perspectives of the future development are given to provide a better advancement and promote practical application in clinical MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xianjiang Li
- Division of Metrology in Chemistry, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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4
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Harvey DJ. ANALYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOCONJUGATES BY MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION/IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY: AN UPDATE FOR 2015-2016. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:408-565. [PMID: 33725404 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review is the ninth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2016. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented over 30 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show no sign of deminishing. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, United Kingdom
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5
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Jabeen F, Sajid MS, Fatima B, Saeed A, Ashiq MN, Najam-Ul-Haq M. Graphene oxide-metal oxide nanocomposites for on-target enrichment and analysis of phosphorylated biomolecules. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3137-3145. [PMID: 34165915 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202001276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The surface of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry target is modified for improved signal strength and detection of analytes. The developed method includes on-target enrichment and detection of phosphopeptides/phospholipids using graphene oxide-lanthanide metal oxides (samarium, gadolinium, dysprosium, and erbium) nanocomposites. Enriched phosphopeptides are detected using material enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and phospholipids by laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry. Nanocomposites are prepared using graphene oxide with respective metal salts at high pH. They are characterized for nano-morphology, chemistry, porosity, composition, crystallinity, and thermal stability. Phosphopeptides enrichment protocol is developed and optimized for tryptic β-casein digest and that of phospholipids by phosphatidylcholine standard. Statistical analyses of phosphopeptides and phospholipids from milk show overlapping results for gadolinium, dysprosium, and erbium oxide nanocomposites. GO-Gd2 O3 has better enrichment efficiency and application as LDI material. Selectivity for GO-Dy2 O3 is 1:2500, for GO-Sm2 O3 is 1:3500, and 1:4000 for GO-Gd2 O3 . GO-Er2 O3 has a sensitivity of 25 fmol, whereas the highest sensitivity is down to 0.5 fmol for GO-Gd2 O3 . On-target enrichment is batch to batch reproducible with a standard deviation of <1, reduced time of enrichment to 10 min, and ease of operation compared to solid-phase batch extraction. The developed method enriches serum phosphopeptides characteristic of cancer-related phosphoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmida Jabeen
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.,Department of Chemistry, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Salman Sajid
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Batool Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Adeela Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Ashiq
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Najam-Ul-Haq
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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6
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Yu J, Kang Y, Zhang H, Yang F, Zhen H, Zhu X, Wu T, Du Y. A Polymer-Based Matrix for Effective SALDI Analysis of Lipids. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:1189-1195. [PMID: 33904725 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) has become an attractive branch of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and has been successfully applied for the detection of small molecules due to the lack of the interference of matrix. Herein, the low-cost and highly accessible polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was modified using a facile alkali treatment and investigated as a SALDI matrix. The modified PVDF has a strong optical absorption and can be applied as a dual-mode substrate for both SALDI MS and SALDI imaging analysis. Modified PVDF powder showed superior performance in SALDI MS analysis of lipids, with good reproducibility, high sensitivity, and low background interference, especially for triacylglycerols (TAGs) and fatty acids. Additionally, the lipids in raw and extracted serum were both successfully determined with modified PVDF powder. A modified PVDF membrane (m-PVDF-m) showed excellent ability in lipids imaging in tissues due to its flat surface, mass signal enhancement, and elimination of matrix coating. The distribution of several TAGs and cholesteryl esters on mouse kidney section was presented by SALDI imaging directly on m-PVDF-m. These results demonstrated that modified PVDF materials presented exciting opportunities as matrices for the first time in SALDI MS acquisition and SALDI imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Kang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Shanghai, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huajun Zhen
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xixi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ting Wu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yiping Du
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, and Research Centre of Analysis and Test, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Kim SW, Kwon S, Kim YK. Graphene Oxide Derivatives and Their Nanohybrid Structures for Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Small Molecules. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020288. [PMID: 33499396 PMCID: PMC7910985 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) has been considered as one of the most powerful analytical tools for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of large molecular weight compounds such as proteins, nucleic acids, and synthetic polymers thanks to its high sensitivity, high resolution, and compatibility with high-throughput analysis. Despite these advantages, MALDI cannot be applied to MS analysis of small molecular weight compounds (<500 Da) because of the matrix interference in low mass region. Therefore, numerous efforts have been devoted to solving this issue by using metal, semiconductor, and carbon nanomaterials for MALDI time-of-flight MS (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis instead of organic matrices. Among those nanomaterials, graphene oxide (GO) is of particular interest considering its unique and highly tunable chemical structures composed of the segregated sp2 carbon domains surrounded by sp3 carbon matrix. Chemical modification of GO can precisely tune its physicochemical properties, and it can be readily incorporated with other functional nanomaterials. In this review, the advances of GO derivatives and their nanohybrid structures as alternatives to organic matrices are summarized to demonstrate their potential and practical aspect for MALDI-TOF-MS analysis of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea;
| | - Sunbum Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-W.K.); (Y.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-2-820-5201 (S.-W.K.); +82-2-2260-3214 (Y.-K.K.)
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul 04620, Korea;
- Correspondence: (S.-W.K.); (Y.-K.K.); Tel.: +82-2-820-5201 (S.-W.K.); +82-2-2260-3214 (Y.-K.K.)
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8
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Chae A, Lee G, Koh DY, Yang CM, Lee S, Kim YK. Polyacrylonitrile-based carbon nanofibers as a matrix for laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis of small molecules under both positive and negative ionization modes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:1193-1202. [PMID: 33403427 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Carbon fiber (CNF), prepared by carbonization of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, is systematically investigated as a mediator to replace conventional organic matrices for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). CNF exhibits a high salt tolerance, sensitivity, and resolution for organic matrix-free laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) analysis of various analytes under both positive and negative ionization modes. Especially, saccharides, a neutral molecule having low negative ionization efficiency, are successfully detected with CNF. Taken together, this study clearly demonstrates CNF is a promising material to develop an efficient and universal platform for LDI-MS analysis regardless of preferential ionization modes of analytes. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Chae
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 2921, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwanwon Lee
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeun Koh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 2921, Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Min Yang
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Lee
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 92 Chudong-ro, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55324, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Nano Material Engineering, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University-Seoul, 30 Pildong-ro, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Preparation and comparison of Fe 3O 4@graphene oxide nanoclusters for analysis of glimepiride in urine by surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4057-4065. [PMID: 32248396 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02611-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has the ability to absorb certain compounds, and it can be modified with functional groups for different purposes; for instance, iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles can be used to concentrate analyte by a magnet. Recently, many kinds of GO have been developed, such as single-layer GO (SLGO), two-to-four layers of GO (i.e., few-layer GO, FLGO2-4), and four-to-eight layers of GO (i.e., multi-layer GO, MLGO4-8). However, the abilities of these layered GO coated with IO nanoparticles have not been investigated. In this study, we conducted a novel analysis of glimepiride by using layered GO-coated magnetic clusters of IO nanoparticles that were synthesized through a simple and facile emulsion-solvent evaporation method. The methodology is based on (i) enrichment of glimepiride using the layered GO-coated magnetic clusters of IO nanoparticles (IO@SLGO, IO@FLGO2-4, and IO@MLGO4-8), and (ii) rapid determination using magnetic cluster-based surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SALDI-TOFMS). We found that IO@MLGO4-8, the magnetic cluster with the greatest number of GO layers, had the best limit of detection (28.6 pmol/μL for glimepiride). The number of GO layers played a significant role in increasing the sensitivity of the SALDI-MS, indicating that the size of GO in the magnetic clusters contributed to the desorption/ionization efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to enrich glimepiride using magnetic clusters of different GO types and to show that the glimepiride in HLB purified urine adsorbed by magnetic clusters can be analyzed by SALDI-TOFMS.
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Chae A, Jang H, Koh DY, Yang CM, Kim YK. Exfoliated MXene as a mediator for efficient laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of various analytes. Talanta 2020; 209:120531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Nanoparticle-based surface assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:682. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3770-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Hong YL, Seo TH, Jang H, Kim YK. The Effect of Oxidative Debris on the Laser Desorption/Ionization Efficiency of Graphene Oxide Derivatives for Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Small Molecules and Synthetic Polymers. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:1097-1102. [PMID: 31204370 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The influence of oxidative debris (OD) on laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) analysis using graphene oxide (GO) derivatives was systematically investigated. Specifically, the effects on LDI-TOF-MS analysis of small molecules and synthetic polymers were highlighted. The analytical efficiency of GO was significantly enhanced by removing OD from its surface and the working molecular weight range of GO was considerably extended for analysis of synthetic polymers and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lim Hong
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
| | - Tae Hoon Seo
- Nano-Photonics Convergence Technology Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology
| | - Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology
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13
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Kim YK, Kang K, Kim H, Kang K, Jang H. Laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry-based compositional analysis of Au–Ag nanoplates synthesized by galvanic replacement and their application for small molecule analysis. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Xu Q, Tian R, Lu C, Li H. Monodispersed Ag Nanoparticle in Layered Double Hydroxides as Matrix for Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44751-44759. [PMID: 30512921 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) in the low-molecular-weight (LMW) range is a long-standing challenge because of the fragments from the matrix and the heterogeneity of the matrix-analyte crystals. In this work, a homogeneous film with the monodispersed Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in the confined interlayer of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) has been achieved. The Ag NPs with advantageous optical absorption could realize the energy capture and transfer process, and LDHs with abundant hydroxyl groups are beneficial for the deprotonated reaction. Therefore, the as-prepared film exhibited interference-free deprotonated signals in negative-ion mode with high ionization efficiency. The uniform matrix-analyte spots were constructed through the homogeneous assembly process, contributing to the high reproducibility for both the liquid and gaseous samples. Good linearities were successfully realized in the range from 0.1 μM to 1.0 mM for glucose with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.8%, and 0.2-2.0 mM with the average RSD of 4.5% for psoralen samples, respectively. It is believed that the proposed matrix could exhibit competitive advantages for MALDI detection in the LMW region, which may provide new insight into development for MALDI mass detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , China
| | - Haifang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , China
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15
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Kang S, Hong YL, Ku BC, Lee S, Ryu S, Min DH, Jang H, Kim YK. Synthesis of biologically-active reduced graphene oxide by using fucoidan as a multifunctional agent for combination cancer therapy. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:475604. [PMID: 30191889 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aadfa5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A therapeutic reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is synthesized by using fucoidan (Fu) as the reducing and surface functionalizing agent. The synthesized Fu-RGO exhibits promising characteristics for therapeutic applications such as high dispersity in aqueous media, biocompatibility, selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells, high loading capacity of the anticancer drug, and photothermal conversion effect. Therefore, Fu-GO is successfully harnessed as a combinatorial cancer treatment platform through bio-functional (Fu), chemo (doxorubicin (Dox)) and photothermal (RGO with near-infrared irradiation) modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seounghun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Kim YK, Landis R, Vachet RW, Rotello VM. Matrix-Incorporated Polydopamine Layer as a Simple, Efficient, and Universal Coating for Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometric Analysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:36361-36368. [PMID: 30277742 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b10990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-oxidative copolymerization of dopamine with α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) provides an efficient and multifunctional platform for laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) analysis. The polydopamine coating layer embedded with the CHCA matrix can be readily formed on nanomaterials and solid substrates without additional surface treatments to generate an efficient LDI-TOF-MS platform for the analysis of small molecules as well as synthetic polymers. This coating can be further functionalized with specific ligands for target enrichment from complex biological media, providing analyte capture for subsequent LDI-TOF-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kwan Kim
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center , Korea Institute of Science and Technology , 92 Chudong-ro , Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun , Jeollabuk-do 55424 , South Korea
| | - Ryan Landis
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Richard W Vachet
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
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17
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Al-Hetlani E, Amin MO, Madkour M, Nazeer AA. CeO 2-CB nanocomposite as a novel SALDI substrate for enhancing the detection sensitivity of pharmaceutical drug molecules in beverage samples. Talanta 2018; 185:439-445. [PMID: 29759225 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SALDI-MS analysis of pharmaceutical drug molecules (amitriptyline, imipramine and promazine) using carbon-based substrates, namely, activated charcoal (AC), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon black (CB), graphene (rGO), graphene oxide (GO) and graphite, was explored and compared with the conventional organic matrix of MALDI. CB exhibited superior performance with respect to the other substrates in terms of detection sensitivity. Despite the effectiveness of CB to detect all drug molecules, it demonstrated a number of background signals, which may be an issue for the analysis of other molecules in the future. Therefore, for the first time, a CeO2-CB nanocomposite was synthesized and applied as a novel SALDI substrate to minimize the background signals and stabilize CB when exposed to high laser power. The nanocomposite was characterized using XRD, TEM, FTIR, UV-Vis and N2 sorpometry. The spectrum obtained using the novel nanocomposite in the absence of the drug molecules showed minimal background signals compared to CB. Additionally, the CeO2-CB nanocomposite enhanced the detection sensitivity of the drug molecules with a limit of detection (LOD) of 100 ng/mL. This active substrate nanocomposite was further applied for the analysis of drug-spiked beverages without sample pretreatment or extraction, mimicking cases encountered by forensic toxicologists. All of the drugs and/or their adducts were detected in the drug-spiked beverage samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Entesar Al-Hetlani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Mohamed O Amin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - Metwally Madkour
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed Abdel Nazeer
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
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18
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Nanoparticle assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for small molecule analytes. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:200. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Hong YL, Lee J, Ku BC, Kang K, Lee S, Ryu S, Kim YK. The influence of oxidative debris on the fragmentation and laser desorption/ionization process of graphene oxide derivatives. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02628a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of oxidative debris on laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (LDI-TOF-MS) analysis by using graphene oxide as a matrix was investigated to reveal its role in LDI process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lim Hong
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Korea
| | - Jieon Lee
- Predictive Toxicology Department
- Korea Institute of Toxicology
- Daejeon
- Korea
| | - Bon-Cheol Ku
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin
- South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Lee
- Department of Nanochemistry
- Gachon University
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwoo Ryu
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering
- University of Suwon
- Korea
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Korea
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20
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Kim JY, Seo ES, Lim HJ, Kim H, Park JW, Shin HH, Lim DK, Moon DW. Nanomaterials and continuous wave laser-based efficient desorption for atmospheric pressure mass spectrometric imaging of live hippocampal tissue slices. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8021-8025. [PMID: 35541999 PMCID: PMC9078475 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00038g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Micrometer-resolution mass spectrometric imaging of live hippocampal tissue is achieved with a highly efficient desorption of biomolecules using a 532 nm continuous wave laser and gold nanoparticles or graphene oxide as an energy transporter, which enables clear identification of the distributions of monoacylglycerol, adenine, cholesterol, sphingosine and ceramide. Micrometer-resolution mass spectrometric imaging of live hippocampal tissue is achieved with a highly efficient desorption of biomolecules using a 532 nm continuous wave laser and gold nanoparticles or graphene oxide as an energy transporter.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Kim
- Department of New Biology
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
- Daegu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seok Seo
- Department of New Biology
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
- Daegu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Lim
- Department of New Biology
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
- Daegu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmin Kim
- Companion Diagnostics and Medical Technology Research Group
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
- Daegu
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Park
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST)
- Chungnam National University
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Ho Shin
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology
- Korea University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kwon Lim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology
- Korea University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Moon
- Department of New Biology
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST)
- Daegu
- Republic of Korea
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21
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Chu HW, Mao JY, Lien CW, Hsu PH, Li YJ, Lai JY, Chiu TC, Huang CC. Pulse laser-induced fragmentation of carbon quantum dots: a structural analysis. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:18359-18367. [PMID: 29143845 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07639h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have attracted enormous interest in recent years owing to their low cytotoxicity, excellent biocompatibility and strong fluorescence. They have been successfully employed in sensor, bio-imaging, and drug carrier applications. A complete understanding of their core-surface structure is essential for tuning their physical and chemical properties for various applications. Conventional characterizations of CQDs are conducted with electron microscopy or spectroscopy, such as transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. However, these techniques cannot fully resolve the core-surface structure of CQDs. In this study, we attempt to analyze the structures of CQDs by laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) using three model CQDs synthesized from citric acid (CA-CQDs), diammonium citrate (AC-CQDs) and spermidine trihydrochloride (Spd-CQDs). Both CA-CQDs and AC-CQDs produced anionic carbon cluster ions ([Cn]-, n = 4-9) during the laser desorption/ionization process. Additionally, AC-CQDs produced fragments containing C, N, and O that appeared at m/z values of 41.999, 91.015, and 107.008, which were identified by 15N isotopes as [CNO]-, [CH3N2O3]-, and [CH3N2O4]-, respectively. By contrast, subjecting Spd-CQDs to the same analysis did not yield carbon cluster ions ([Cn]-); instead, strong chlorine-associated ions with a unique isotopic pattern were observed, strongly implying that Spd-CQDs contain chlorine. The lack of carbon cluster ion formation in nitrogen- and chlorine-doped Spd-CQDs indicates that nitrogen and chlorine are abundantly and homogenously doped in the CQDs. We also found a shot-dependent fragmentation behavior for AC-CQDs that produces nitrogen- and oxygen-containing ions and carbon cluster ions ([Cn]-) during initial fragmentation of the surface, with a gradual destruction of the nanocrystalline carbon core after additional shots. These results suggest that LDI-MS can be used as a tool for analyzing the core-surface structure of CQDs, particularly when it contains a heteroatom doped carbon core with various surface functional groups containing nitrogen, oxygen and halogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Wei Chu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
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22
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Kim YK, Jang H, Kang K. Seed-mediated Growth of Au Nanoplates on the Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Films for Surface-enhanced Raman Scattering. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kwan Kim
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composite Materials; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; San 101, Eunha-ri, Bongdong-eup, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 565-905 Korea
| | - Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry; Kwangwoon University; Seoul 139-701 Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Kyung Hee University; Yongin 446-701 South Korea
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23
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Kim YK, Wang LS, Landis R, Kim CS, Vachet RW, Rotello VM. A layer-by-layer assembled MoS 2 thin film as an efficient platform for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of small molecules. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:10854-10860. [PMID: 28730210 PMCID: PMC5572770 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02949g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A chip-based platform for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) analysis of small molecules was developed by utilizing layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of MoS2 nanoflakes and polyallylamine on an arbitrary substrate. The LDI-MS efficiency of small molecules on MoS2 films increased as a function of LBL assembly cycles until reaching a saturation point. The optimized MoS2 nanoflake film exhibits high LDI-MS efficiency, salt tolerance, reusability and uniform ionic signal distribution, and its performance was further enhanced by surface modification with perfluoroalkanes mimicking a clathrate nanostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Kwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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24
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Nanomaterials as Assisted Matrix of Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Small Molecules. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7040087. [PMID: 28430138 PMCID: PMC5408179 DOI: 10.3390/nano7040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), a soft ionization method, coupling with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) has become an indispensible tool for analyzing macromolecules, such as peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and polymers. However, the application of MALDI for the analysis of small molecules (<700 Da) has become the great challenge because of the interference from the conventional matrix in low mass region. To overcome this drawback, more attention has been paid to explore interference-free methods in the past decade. The technique of applying nanomaterials as matrix of laser desorption/ionization (LDI), also called nanomaterial-assisted laser desorption/ionization (nanomaterial-assisted LDI), has attracted considerable attention in the analysis of low-molecular weight compounds in TOF MS. This review mainly summarized the applications of different types of nanomaterials including carbon-based, metal-based and metal-organic frameworks as assisted matrices for LDI in the analysis of small biological molecules, environmental pollutants and other low-molecular weight compounds.
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25
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Mechanisms of Nanophase-Induced Desorption in LDI-MS. A Short Review. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7040075. [PMID: 28368330 PMCID: PMC5408167 DOI: 10.3390/nano7040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are frequently used in laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) as DI enhancers, providing excellent figures of merit for the analysis of low molecular weight organic molecules. In recent years, literature on this topic has benefited from several studies assessing the fundamental aspects of the ion desorption efficiency and the internal energy transfer, in the case of model analytes. Several different parameters have been investigated, including the intrinsic chemical and physical properties of the nanophase (chemical composition, thermal conductivity, photo-absorption efficiency, specific heat capacity, phase transition point, explosion threshold, etc.), along with morphological parameters such as the nanophase size, shape, and interparticle distance. Other aspects, such as the composition, roughness and defects of the substrate supporting the LDI-active nanophases, the nanophase binding affinity towards the target analyte, the role of water molecules, have been taken into account as well. Readers interested in nanoparticle based LDI-MS sub-techniques (SALDI-, SELDI-, NALDI- MS) will find here a concise overview of the recent findings in the specialized field of fundamental and mechanistic studies, shading light on the desorption ionization phenomena responsible of the outperforming MS data offered by these techniques.
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26
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Kang K, Jang H, Kim YK. The influence of polydopamine coating on gold nanorods for laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis. Analyst 2017; 142:2372-2377. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00356k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The influence of polydopamine (PD) coating on gold nanorods (GNRs) for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) analysis was systematically investigated to reveal its role in the LDI-MS analysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungtae Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Kyung Hee University
- Yongin
- South Korea
| | - Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry
- Kwangwoon University
- Seoul 139-701
- Korea
| | - Young-Kwan Kim
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology
- Wanju-gun
- Korea
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27
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Wang J, Liu Q, Liang Y, Jiang G. Recent progress in application of carbon nanomaterials in laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:2861-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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28
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Abstract
The progresses in syntheses of large-area single-layer graphene and applications in membrane separation are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Jing-Gang Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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