1
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Chai Z. Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Strategies for C(sp 3 )-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316444. [PMID: 38225893 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Activation of ubiquitous C(sp3 )-H bonds is extremely attractive but remains a great challenge. Heterogeneous photocatalysis offers a promising and sustainable approach for C(sp3 )-H activation and has been fast developing in the past decade. This Minireview focuses on mechanism and strategies for heterogeneous photocatalytic C(sp3 )-H activation. After introducing mechanistic insights, heterogeneous photocatalytic strategies for C(sp3 )-H activation including precise design of active sites, regulation of reactive radical species, improving charge separation and reactor innovations are discussed. In addition, recent advances in C(sp3 )-H activation of hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, amines and amides by heterogeneous photocatalysis are summarized. Lastly, challenges and opportunities are outlined to encourage more efforts for the development of this exciting and promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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2
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Wang G, Ma Y, Zhang T, Liu Y, Wang B, Zhang R, Zhao Z. Partial Sulphidation to Regulate Coordination Structure of Single Nickel Atoms on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Efficient Solar H 2 Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205758. [PMID: 36461724 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To develop a non-precious highly efficient cocatalyst to replace Pt on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3 N4 ) for solar H2 production is great significant, but still remains a huge challenge. The emerging single-atom catalyst presents a promising strategy for developing highly efficient non-precious cocatalyst owing to its unique adjustability of local coordination environment and electronic structure. Herein, this work presents a facile approach to achieve single Ni sites (Ni1 -N2 S) with unique local coordination structure featuring one Ni atom coordinated with two nitrogen atoms and one sulfur atom, confirmed by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculation. Thanks to the unique electron structure of Ni1 -N2 S sites, the 1095 µmol g-1 h-1 of high H2 evolution rate with 4.1% of apparent quantum yield at 420 nm are achieved. This work paves a pathway for designing a highly efficient non-precious transition metal cocatalyst for photocatalytic H2 evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yuefeng Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy (DNL), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Baojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Riguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Zhongkui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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3
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Hsu WH, Reischauer S, Seeberger PH, Pieber B, Cambié D. Heterogeneous metallaphotoredox catalysis in a continuous-flow packed-bed reactor. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1123-1130. [PMID: 36105732 PMCID: PMC9443413 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallaphotoredox catalysis is a powerful and versatile synthetic platform that enables cross-couplings under mild conditions without the need for noble metals. Its growing adoption in drug discovery has translated into an increased interest in sustainable and scalable reaction conditions. Here, we report a continuous-flow approach to metallaphotoredox catalysis using a heterogeneous catalyst that combines the function of a photo- and a nickel catalyst in a single material. The catalyst is embedded in a packed-bed reactor to combine reaction and (catalyst) separation in one step. The use of a packed bed simplifies the translation of optimized batch reaction conditions to continuous flow, as the only components present in the reaction mixture are the substrate and a base. The metallaphotoredox cross-coupling of sulfinates with aryl halides was used as a model system. The catalyst was shown to be stable, with a very low decrease of the yield (≈1% per day) during a continuous experiment over seven days, and to be effective for C–O arylations when carboxylic acids are used as nucleophile instead of sulfinates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsin Hsu
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Reischauer
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dario Cambié
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Biomolecular Systems Department, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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4
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Dandia A, Parihar S, Kumar K, Saini S, Parewa V. Carbocatalysis: a metal free green avenue towards carbon–carbon/heteroatom bond construction. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Indeed, all the heterocycles comprises of either “C–C, C–N, C–S or C–O” bonds in their skeleton and construction of these bonds has laid the foundation stone of organic chemistry. The present researchers are continually attempting to develop new strategies for synthesizing miscellaneous structurally divergent molecular entities and these bond forming reactions are the fundamental tools. As a consequence, a colossal upheaval is witnessed in development of benign and sustainable synthetic routes for green bond-forming reactions envisaging carbon–carbon/heteroatom. This chapter is aimed towards highlighting the recent developments perceived in “C–C, C–N, C–S or C–O” bondconstruction especially emphasising greener perspectives i.e. carbocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Dandia
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , India
| | - Sonam Parihar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , India
| | - Surendra Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , India
| | - Vijay Parewa
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan , Jaipur , India
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5
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Lancel M, Gomez C, Port M, Amara Z. Performances of Homogeneous and Heterogenized Methylene Blue on Silica Under Red Light in Batch and Continuous Flow Photochemical Reactors. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.752364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue was efficiently immobilized on silica micro- and nanoparticles by electrostatic interactions and the performances of the heterogenized photocatalysts were compared against the homogeneous conditions using the photooxidation of citronellol as a model reaction under red light, in a batch and a continuous flow photochemical reactor. In batch, the heterogeneous photocatalyst outperforms the homogeneous one, presumably due to kinetic and stability effects. The two catalytic systems are also compared in a flow reactor displaying improved mass transfer properties. We demonstrate that this results in a dramatic enhancement in photocatalyst stability, reactivity and productivity. This study highlights the importance of photocatalyst stability under homogeneous versus heterogenized conditions and in batch versus flow photochemistry.
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6
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Yang W, Feng S, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li C, Zhang L, Zhao J, Gurzadyan GG, Tao S. Bodipy-Containing Porous Microcapsules for Flow Heterogeneous Photocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:38722-38731. [PMID: 34370443 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a facile strategy for complex chemical transformations. Heterogeneous photocatalysis, especially in the flow system, has attracted much attention as it avoids the separation of catalysts. Herein, a kind of a Bodipy-containing porous microcapsule heterogeneous photocatalyst was rationally constructed with modulation on a multiscale. The diiodo-Bodipy with methacrylate (MA-2IBDP) was synthesized as a polymerizable photosensitizer. After immobilization in a polymer matrix, the intersystem crossing rate constant of MA-2IBDP increased to 2.7 × 1010 s-1 and its triplet excited-state lifetime prolonged to ∼1 ms. Porous structures in microcapsules were created to facilitate mass transfer. A flat plate flow reactor was constructed to fix the catalytic microcapsules and improve light utilization. With the combination of all the above benefits, the reaction rate constant (0.896 s-1) is 10 times faster than that of MA-2IBDP in a homogeneous system for juglone synthesis. The continuous production can last for 30 h without yield decrease. The photocatalyst can also be used in aza-Henry reaction, Alder-Ene reaction, and oxidation of thiols to disulfides with conversion rates above 95%. This study provides a means for the construction of heterogeneous catalysts and the flow reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Shi Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Chong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Shengyang Tao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, P.R. China
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7
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Zou Y, Xiao K, Qin Q, Shi JW, Heil T, Markushyna Y, Jiang L, Antonietti M, Savateev A. Enhanced Organic Photocatalysis in Confined Flow through a Carbon Nitride Nanotube Membrane with Conversions in the Millisecond Regime. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6551-6561. [PMID: 33822587 PMCID: PMC8155341 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired nanoconfined catalysis has developed to become an important tool for improving the performance of a wide range of chemical reactions. However, photocatalysis in a nanoconfined environment remains largely unexplored. Here, we report the application of a free-standing and flow-through carbon nitride nanotube (CNN) membrane with pore diameters of 40 nm for confined photocatalytic reactions where reactants are in contact with the catalyst for <65 ms, as calculated from the flow. Due to the well-defined tubular structure of the membrane, we are able to assess quantitatively the photocatalytic performance in each of the parallelized single carbon nitride nanotubes, which act as spatially isolated nanoreactors. In oxidation of benzylamine, the confined reaction shows an improved performance when compared to the corresponding bulk reaction, reaching a turnover frequency of (9.63 ± 1.87) × 105 s-1. Such high rates are otherwise only known for special enzymes and are clearly attributed to the confinement of the studied reactions within the one-dimensional nanochannels of the CNN membrane. Namely, a concave surface maintains the internal electric field induced by the polar surface of the carbon nitride inside the nanotube, which is essential for polarization of reagent molecules and extension of the lifetime of the photogenerated charge carriers. The enhanced flow rate upon confinement provides crucial insight on catalysis in such an environment from a physical chemistry perspective. This confinement strategy is envisioned not only to realize highly efficient reactions but also to gain a fundamental understanding of complex chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Zou
- State
Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center
of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School
of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Qing Qin
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jian-Wen Shi
- State
Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center
of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School
of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tobias Heil
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yevheniia Markushyna
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key
Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical
Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department
of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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8
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Marquès C, Diaba F, Roca J, Bonjoch J. Synthesis and reactivity of hydroindole enelactams leading to densely functionalized scaffolds. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:2284-2301. [PMID: 33625434 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00060h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 5-endo-trig radical cyclization of N-benzyl-N-[(2-substituted)cycloalkenyl] trichloroacetamides (tetrasubstituted enamides) using Bu3SnH and AIBN is a reliable synthetic procedure giving access to 3a-methyl- and 3a-methoxycarbonyl enelactams. The substrate-controlled diastereoselective enolate alkylation of these enelactams resulted in the synthesis of a set of 3-substituted derivatives that upon reduction furnished polyfunctionalized cis-octahydroindoles. The latter building blocks, which embody three consecutive stereocenters at C-3, C-3a, and C-7a, were also synthesized through an initial reductive radical cyclization using (carbo-substituted)dichloroacetamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Marquès
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Faïza Diaba
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Roca
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Bonjoch
- Laboratori de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028-Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Photogenerated electrophilic radicals for the umpolung of enolate chemistry. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2020.100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Jozeliūnaitė A, Valčeckas D, Orentas E. Fullerene soot and a fullerene nanodispersion as recyclable heterogeneous off-the-shelf photocatalysts. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4104-4111. [PMID: 35424373 PMCID: PMC8694487 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10147h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal-free heterogeneous photocatalysis, which requires no prior catalyst immobilization or chemical modification and can operate in green solvents, represents a highly-sought after, yet currently still underdeveloped, synthetic method. In this report we present a comparative study which aims to evaluate the use of unmodified fullerene soot and a fullerene nanodispersion as non-soluble and quasi-soluble carbon-based photocatalysts, respectively, for sulfide oxidation and other transformations using oxygen as an oxidant in ethanol. A wide range of sulfoxides were successfully prepared with good yields and chemoselectivity using a very low catalyst loading. The fullerene soot photocatalyst is easily recovered and shows excellent stability of the catalytic properties. The reaction was shown to proceed via a singlet oxygen pathway and has a high selectivity for aliphatic sulfides, whereas the oxidation of thioanisoles can be accomplished using an amine mediated electron transfer mechanism. The applicability of the fullerene nanodispersion as a general purpose photocatalyst was demonstrated in radical cyclization, boronic acid oxidation and imine formation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Domantas Valčeckas
- Department of Organic Chemistry Naugarduko 24 Vilnius LT-03225 Lithuania
| | - Edvinas Orentas
- Department of Organic Chemistry Naugarduko 24 Vilnius LT-03225 Lithuania
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Saulėtekio Av. 3 LT-10257 Vilnius Lithuania
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11
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Brzęczek-Szafran A, Gwóźdź M, Kolanowska A, Krzywiecki M, Latos P, Chrobok A. N-Doped carbon as a solid base catalyst for continuous flow Knoevenagel condensation. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00016k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A stability survey of a basic N-doped carbon catalyst in a continuous flow process together with a study of process parameters affecting the batch system and their correlation to the flow protocol is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Gwóźdź
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Silesian University of Technology
- Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Anna Kolanowska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Silesian University of Technology
- Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Maciej Krzywiecki
- Institute of Physics – Center for Science and Education
- Silesian University of Technology
- Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Piotr Latos
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Silesian University of Technology
- Gliwice
- Poland
| | - Anna Chrobok
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Silesian University of Technology
- Gliwice
- Poland
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12
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Mazzanti S, Savateev A. Emerging Concepts in Carbon Nitride Organic Photocatalysis. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2499-2517. [PMID: 33215877 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nitrides encompass a class of transition-metal-free materials possessing numerous advantages such as low cost (few Euros per gram), high chemical stability, broad tunability of redox potentials and optical bandgap, recyclability, and a high absorption coefficient (>105 cm-1 ), which make them highly attractive for application in photoredox catalysis. In this Review, we classify carbon nitrides based on their unique properties, structure, and redox potentials. We summarize recently emerging concepts in heterogeneous carbon nitride photocatalysis, with an emphasis on the synthesis of organic compounds: 1) Illumination-Driven Electron Accumulation in Semiconductors and Exploitation (IDEASE); 2) singlet-triplet intersystem crossing in carbon nitride excited states and related energy transfer; 3) architectures of flow photoreactors; and 4) dual metal/carbon nitride photocatalysis. The objective of this Review is to provide a detailed overview regarding innovative research in carbon nitride photocatalysis focusing on these topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mazzanti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Liu R, Yang W, He G, Zheng W, Li M, Tao W, Tian M. Ag-Modified g-C 3N 4 Prepared by a One-Step Calcination Method for Enhanced Catalytic Efficiency and Stability. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19615-19624. [PMID: 32803056 PMCID: PMC7424718 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ag-decorated g-C3N4 (denoted as Ag/CN-x) was prepared by a one-step calcination method, and the influences of calcination time on structure, morphology, surface composition, photocatalytic performance, and catalytic reduction activity of the prepared Ag/CN-x samples were investigated. The tests showed that the Ag/CN-8 prepared through by calcination for 8 h exhibited the best photocatalytic degradation efficiency of methyl orange (98.7% within 2 h) and the best catalytic reduction property of 4-nitrophenol (100% within 70 s). Meanwhile, these Ag/CN-x samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), photoluminescence (PL), photocurrent response, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) Nyquist plots. It was found that the Ag/CN-8 prepared through calcination for 8 h had a higher specific surface area, higher dispersibility of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), the widest range of visible light response, and the lowest photogenerated electron-hole recombination rate. The results of the trapping experiments indicated that a superoxide radical plays a major role. Moreover, a possible mechanism of photocatalytic degradation in methyl orange and catalytic reduction 4-nitrophenol was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxue Liu
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Wanliang Yang
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Guiwei He
- International Research Center for Renewable
Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Maokun Li
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Wenliang Tao
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Mengkui Tian
- College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China
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14
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Stroyuk OL, Kuchmy SY. Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Selective Reductive Transformations of Organic Compounds: a Review. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-020-09648-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Thomson CG, Lee AL, Vilela F. Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1495-1549. [PMID: 32647551 PMCID: PMC7323633 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergy between photocatalysis and continuous flow chemical reactors has shifted the paradigms of photochemistry, opening new avenues of research with safer and scalable processes that can be readily implemented in academia and industry. Current state-of-the-art photocatalysts are homogeneous transition metal complexes that have favourable photophysical properties, wide electrochemical redox potentials, and photostability. However, these photocatalysts present serious drawbacks, such as toxicity, limited availability, and the overall cost of rare transition metal elements. This reduces their long-term viability, especially at an industrial scale. Heterogeneous photocatalysts (HPCats) are an attractive alternative, as the requirement for the separation and purification is largely removed, but typically at the cost of efficiency. Flow chemical reactors can, to a large extent, mitigate the loss in efficiency through reactor designs that enhance mass transport and irradiation. Herein, we review some important developments of heterogeneous photocatalytic materials and their application in flow reactors for sustainable organic synthesis. Further, the application of continuous flow heterogeneous photocatalysis in environmental remediation is briefly discussed to present some interesting reactor designs that could be implemented to enhance organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Thomson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ai-Lan Lee
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Filipe Vilela
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, United Kingdom
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16
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Mazzanti S, Kurpil B, Pieber B, Antonietti M, Savateev A. Dichloromethylation of enones by carbon nitride photocatalysis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1387. [PMID: 32170119 PMCID: PMC7070069 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Small organic radicals are ubiquitous intermediates in photocatalysis and are used in organic synthesis to install functional groups and to tune electronic properties and pharmacokinetic parameters of the final molecule. Development of new methods to generate small organic radicals with added functionality can further extend the utility of photocatalysis for synthetic needs. Herein, we present a method to generate dichloromethyl radicals from chloroform using a heterogeneous potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K-PHI) photocatalyst under visible light irradiation for C1-extension of the enone backbone. The method is applied on 15 enones, with γ,γ-dichloroketones yields of 18–89%. Due to negative zeta-potential (−40 mV) and small particle size (100 nm) K-PHI suspension is used in quasi-homogeneous flow-photoreactor increasing the productivity by 19 times compared to the batch approach. The resulting γ,γ-dichloroketones, are used as bifunctional building blocks to access value-added organic compounds such as substituted furans and pyrroles. Long-lived carbon nitride radicals have been used in several photocatalytic reactions. Herein, long-lived potassium poly(heptazine imide) radicals enable synthesis of γ,γ-dichloroketones from enones by addition of CHCl2 moiety, generated from chloroform, to the C=C bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Mazzanti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bogdan Kurpil
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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17
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Yang C, Li R, Zhang KAI, Lin W, Landfester K, Wang X. Heterogeneous photoredox flow chemistry for the scalable organosynthesis of fine chemicals. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1239. [PMID: 32144271 PMCID: PMC7060272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale photochemical synthesis of high value chemicals under mild conditions is an ideal method of green chemical production. However, a scalable photocatalytic process has been barely reported due to the costly preparation, low stability of photosensitizers and critical reaction conditions required for classical photocatalysts. Here, we report the merging of flow chemistry with heterogeneous photoredox catalysis for the facile production of high value compounds in a continuous flow reactor with visible light at room temperature in air. In the flow reactor system, polymeric carbon nitrides, which are cheap, sustainable and stable heterogeneous photocatalysts, are immobilized onto glass beads and fibers, demonstrating a highly flexible construction possibility for devices of the photocatalytic materials. As an example of the production of high value chemicals, important chemical structures such as cyclobutanes, which are basic building blocks for many pharmaceutical compounds, like magnosalin, are synthesized in flow with high catalytic efficiency and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Run Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kai A I Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China.
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18
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Bajada MA, Vijeta A, Savateev A, Zhang G, Howe D, Reisner E. Visible-Light Flow Reactor Packed with Porous Carbon Nitride for Aerobic Substrate Oxidations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:8176-8182. [PMID: 31962048 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A triphasic photocatalytic reactor employing a mesoporous carbon nitride photocatalyst and aerobic O2 was assembled to operate under continuous flow conditions. This reactor design allows for facile downstream processing and reusability in multiple flow cycles. The selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols and amines was chosen to demonstrate the applicability and performance advantage of this flow approach compared to that of conventional batch photochemistry. This precious-metal-free photocatalytic flow system operates under benign reaction conditions (visible light, low pressure, and mild temperature) and will stimulate the exploration of other oxidative reactions in a sustainable, scalable, and affordable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Bajada
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Arjun Vijeta
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam 14476 , Germany
| | - Guigang Zhang
- Department of Colloid Chemistry , Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam 14476 , Germany
| | - Duncan Howe
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
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19
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Blanchard V, Asbai Z, Cottet K, Boissonnat G, Port M, Amara Z. Continuous Flow Photo-oxidations Using Supported Photocatalysts on Silica. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zakariae Asbai
- Equipe Chimie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (GBCM), EA 7528, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, HESAM Université, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris Cedex 03, France
| | | | | | - Marc Port
- Equipe Chimie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (GBCM), EA 7528, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, HESAM Université, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris Cedex 03, France
| | - Zacharias Amara
- Equipe Chimie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Génomique, Bioinformatique et Chimie Moléculaire (GBCM), EA 7528, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, HESAM Université, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris Cedex 03, France
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20
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Markushyna Y, Smith CA, Savateev A. Organic Photocatalysis: Carbon Nitride Semiconductors vs. Molecular Catalysts. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yevheniia Markushyna
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max‐Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Christene A. Smith
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max‐Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Department of Colloid Chemistry Max‐Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces Research Campus Golm 14476 Potsdam Germany
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21
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Wan Y, Shang T, Lu Z, Zhu G. Photocatalytic 1,1-Hydrofluoroalkylation of Alkynes with a Concurrent Vicinal Acylation: An Access to Fluoroalkylated Cyclic Ketones. Org Lett 2019; 21:4187-4191. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Wan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianbo Shang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zenghui Lu
- Wanzhou Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, 83 Anning Road, Wanzhou, Chongqing 404000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gangguo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua 321004, People’s Republic of China
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22
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Kurpil B, Markushyna Y, Savateev A. Visible-Light-Driven Reductive (Cyclo)Dimerization of Chalcones over Heterogeneous Carbon Nitride Photocatalyst. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Kurpil
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yevheniia Markushyna
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aleksandr Savateev
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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23
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Savateev A, Ghosh I, König B, Antonietti M. Photoredox Catalytic Organic Transformations using Heterogeneous Carbon Nitrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15936-15947. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Savateev
- KolloidchemieMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm Potsdam Germany
| | - Indrajit Ghosh
- KolloidchemieMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm Potsdam Germany
- Institut für Organische ChemieFakultät für Chemie und PharmazieUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische ChemieFakultät für Chemie und PharmazieUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstr. 31 93053 Regensburg Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- KolloidchemieMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm Potsdam Germany
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24
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Parrino F, Bellardita M, García-López EI, Marcì G, Loddo V, Palmisano L. Heterogeneous Photocatalysis for Selective Formation of High-Value-Added Molecules: Some Chemical and Engineering Aspects. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b03093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Parrino
- “Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, University of Palermo, Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models (DEIM), Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - M. Bellardita
- “Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, University of Palermo, Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models (DEIM), Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - E. I. García-López
- “Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, University of Palermo, Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models (DEIM), Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - G. Marcì
- “Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, University of Palermo, Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models (DEIM), Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - V. Loddo
- “Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, University of Palermo, Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models (DEIM), Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - L. Palmisano
- “Schiavello-Grillone” Photocatalysis Group, University of Palermo, Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models (DEIM), Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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25
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Savateev A, Ghosh I, König B, Antonietti M. Photoredoxkatalytische organische Umwandlungen an heterogenen Kohlenstoffnitriden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Savateev
- KolloidchemieMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Indrajit Ghosh
- KolloidchemieMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm Potsdam Deutschland
- Institut für Organische ChemieFakultät für Chemie und PharmazieUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische ChemieFakultät für Chemie und PharmazieUniversität Regensburg Universitätsstraße 31 93053 Regensburg Deutschland
| | - Markus Antonietti
- KolloidchemieMax-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm Potsdam Deutschland
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26
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Cai Y, Tang Y, Fan L, Lefebvre Q, Hou H, Rueping M. Heterogeneous Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis with Graphitic Carbon Nitride for α-Aminoalkyl Radical Additions, Allylations, and Heteroarylations. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Cai
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yurong Tang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Lulu Fan
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Quentin Lefebvre
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hong Hou
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- KAUST Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Savateev
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max-Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Colloid Chemistry, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
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28
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Pieber B, Shalom M, Antonietti M, Seeberger PH, Gilmore K. Kontinuierliche heterogene Photokatalyse in seriellen Mikro-Batch-Reaktoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomäus Pieber
- Abteilung für Biomolekulare Systeme; Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Menny Shalom
- Abteilung für Kolloidchemie; Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
- Derzeitige Adresse: Chemistry Department; Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Beersheba 009728 Israel
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Abteilung für Kolloidchemie; Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Abteilung für Biomolekulare Systeme; Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Abteilung für Biomolekulare Systeme; Max-Planck-Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Deutschland
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29
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Pieber B, Shalom M, Antonietti M, Seeberger PH, Gilmore K. Continuous Heterogeneous Photocatalysis in Serial Micro-Batch Reactors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9976-9979. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bartholomäus Pieber
- Department of Biomolecular Systems; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
- Current address: Chemistry Department; Ben Gurion University of the Negev; Beersheba 009728 Israel
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
| | - Kerry Gilmore
- Department of Biomolecular Systems; Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces; Am Mühlenberg 1 14476 Potsdam Germany
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30
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Yu Y, Wang E. Noble-metal-free ternary CN–ZCS–NiS nanocomposites for enhanced solar photocatalytic H2-production activity. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1171-1178. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03553e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The nanocomposite of ZCS/CN heterojunctions loaded with NiS possesses photocatalytic hydrogen production activity 405 times higher than the pure CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun, Jilin 130024
- P. R. China
| | - Enbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate Science of Ministry of Education
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun, Jilin 130024
- P. R. China
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31
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Wang L, Rörich I, Ramanan C, Blom PWM, Huang W, Li R, Zhang KAI. Electron donor-free photoredox catalysis via an electron transfer cascade by cooperative organic photocatalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy01072b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron transfer cascade in cooperative organic photocatalysts can prevent the use of sacrificial reagent for photoredox catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Irina Rörich
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | | | | | - Wei Huang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Run Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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32
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Zhang Q, Deng J, Xu Z, Chaker M, Ma D. High-Efficiency Broadband C3N4 Photocatalysts: Synergistic Effects from Upconversion and Plasmons. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhe Zhang
- Institut
National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie
Materiaux et Télécommunications, Université du Québec, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Jiujun Deng
- Institut
National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie
Materiaux et Télécommunications, Université du Québec, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Zhenhe Xu
- The
Key Laboratory of Inorganic Molecule-Based Chemistry of Liaoning Province,
College of Applied Chemistry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Mohamed Chaker
- Institut
National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie
Materiaux et Télécommunications, Université du Québec, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Dongling Ma
- Institut
National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie
Materiaux et Télécommunications, Université du Québec, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
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33
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Mizuno K, Nishiyama Y, Ogaki T, Terao K, Ikeda H, Kakiuchi K. Utilization of microflow reactors to carry out synthetically useful organic photochemical reactions. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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34
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Wang L, Yu M, Wu C, Deng N, Wang C, Yao X. Synthesis of Ag/g-C3
N4
Composite as Highly Efficient Visible-Light Photocatalyst for Oxidative Amidation of Aromatic Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology; Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics; Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yu
- School of Environmental Sciences; Nanjing Xiaozhuang University; Nanjing, Jiangsu 211171 People's Republic of China
| | - Chaolong Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology; Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics; Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016 People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Deng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology; Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics; Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology; Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics; Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoquan Yao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Material Science and Technology; Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics; Nanjing, Jiangsu 210016 People's Republic of China
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35
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Ravelli D, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Carbon–Carbon Bond Forming Reactions via Photogenerated Intermediates. Chem Rev 2016; 116:9850-913. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 724] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ravelli
- Department
of Chemistry, Photogreen Lab, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- Department
of Chemistry, Photogreen Lab, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- Department
of Chemistry, Photogreen Lab, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli
12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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36
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Cambié D, Bottecchia C, Straathof NJW, Hessel V, Noël T. Applications of Continuous-Flow Photochemistry in Organic Synthesis, Material Science, and Water Treatment. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10276-341. [PMID: 26935706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 882] [Impact Index Per Article: 110.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Continuous-flow photochemistry in microreactors receives a lot of attention from researchers in academia and industry as this technology provides reduced reaction times, higher selectivities, straightforward scalability, and the possibility to safely use hazardous intermediates and gaseous reactants. In this review, an up-to-date overview is given of photochemical transformations in continuous-flow reactors, including applications in organic synthesis, material science, and water treatment. In addition, the advantages of continuous-flow photochemistry are pointed out and a thorough comparison with batch processing is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Cambié
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia Bottecchia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Natan J W Straathof
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Process Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology , Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University , Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Ciriminna R, Delisi R, Xu YJ, Pagliaro M. Toward the Waste-Free Synthesis of Fine Chemicals with Visible Light. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Ciriminna
- Istituto
per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa
153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Delisi
- Istituto
per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa
153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Yi-Jun Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College
of Chemistry, New Campus, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mario Pagliaro
- Istituto
per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, CNR, via U. La Malfa
153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
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38
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Chen J, Cen J, Xu X, Li X. The application of heterogeneous visible light photocatalysts in organic synthesis. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy01289a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances of organic synthesis reactions based on heterogeneous visible-light photocatalysis are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Cen
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoliang Xu
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonian Li
- Institute of Industrial Catalysis
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Zhejiang University of Technology
- Hangzhou 310014
- People's Republic of China
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39
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Liu J, Wang H, Antonietti M. Graphitic carbon nitride “reloaded”: emerging applications beyond (photo)catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:2308-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00767d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 613] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite being one of the oldest materials described in the chemical literature, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has just recently experienced a renaissance as a highly active photo/electrocatalyst, and the metal-free polymer was also shown to be have diverse applications in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Hongqiang Wang
- Center for Nano Energy Materials
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Department of Colloid Chemistry
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
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40
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He H, Feng M, Chen Q, Zhang X, Zhan H. Light-Induced Reversible Self-Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles Surface-Immobilized with Coumarin Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huibin He
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Miao Feng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Qidi Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Xinqi Zhang
- Testing Center; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Hongbing Zhan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Fuzhou University; Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
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41
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Light-Induced Reversible Self-Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles Surface-Immobilized with Coumarin Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:936-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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42
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Li FT, Liu SJ, Xue YB, Wang XJ, Hao YJ, Zhao J, Liu RH, Zhao D. Structure Modification Function of g-C3N4for Al2O3in the In Situ Hydrothermal Process for Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity. Chemistry 2015; 21:10149-59. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201500224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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