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Esteruelas MA, Moreno-Blázquez S, Oliván M, Oñate E. N,C,N-Pincers in Platinum Bimetallic Complexes: Influence of the Pincer and Bridging Ligands on the Metal-Metal Bond and the Photophysical Properties. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:14482-14494. [PMID: 39028899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Precursors PtCl{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HMe2-py]} (1), PtCl{κ3-N,C,N-[py-O-C6H3-O-py]} (2), Pt(OH){κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HMe2-py]} (3), and Pt(OH){κ3-N,C,N-[py-O-C6H3-O-py]} (4) were used to prepare d8-platinum bimetallic complexes. Precursors 1 and 2 react with AgBF4 and 7-azaindole (Haz) to give [Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HMe2-py]}{κ1-N-[Haz]}]BF4 (5) and [Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[py-O-C6H3-O-py]}{κ1-N-[Haz]}]BF4 (6) and 3 and 4 with indolo[2,3-b]indole (H2ii) to generate Pt{κ1-N-[Hii]}{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HMe2-py]} (7) and Pt{κ1-N-[Hii]}{κ3-N,C,N-[py-O-C6H3-O-py]} (8). Subsequent addition of 3 and 4 to 5-7 affords bimetallic derivatives [{Pt[κ3-N,C,N-(py-C6HMe2-py)]}2{μ-N,N-[az]}]BF4 (9), [{Pt[κ3-N,C,N-(py-O-C6H3-O-py)]}2{μ-N,N-[az]}]BF4 (10), and {Pt[κ3-N,C,N-(py-C6HMe2-py)]}2{μ-N,N-[ii]} (11). X-ray structures of 9-11 reveal separations between the metals in sequence 9 (3.0515(4) Å) < 10 (3.2689(9) Å) < 11 (3.2949(2) Å). DFT calculations support σ overlap of the dz2 orbitals of platinum atoms, for 9 and 10. Accordingly, their absorption spectra show a MMLCT transition. Complex 9 is a red emitter. The excited state has 3MMLCT characteristics and a Pt-Pt separation of 2.763 Å. Complex 11 is a dual emitter in the red and NIR regions, in solid. Both excited states have a 3LC/LMCT characteristic and platinum-platinum separations of 3.290 and 3.202 Å. Intermediate 5 is a green emitter that achieves quantum yields close to unity, when diluted in PMMA and 1,2-dichloroethane at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Sonia Moreno-Blázquez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica - Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) - Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza - CSIC, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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2
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Leong DW, Shao Y, Ni Z, Bhuvanesh N, Ozerov OV. A bis(PCN) palladium pincer complex with a remarkably planar 2,5-diarylpyrazine core. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6520-6523. [PMID: 38563468 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04248k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A bimetallic Pd complex of a bis(pincer) with a diarylpyrazine core has been prepared. The complex demonstrates near-perfect coplanarity of the aromatic core, is fluorescent under UV irradiation, and displays two quasi-reversible reduction events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Yanwu Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Zhen Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Oleg V Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
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3
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Martínez-Vollbert E, Philouze C, Cavignac T, Latouche C, Loiseau F, Lanoë PH. Neutral 2-phenylbenzimidazole-based iridium(III) complexes with picolinate ancillary ligand: tuning the emission properties by manipulating the substituent on the benzimidazole ring. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4705-4718. [PMID: 38362807 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03498d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of ten neutral bisheteroleptic iridium(III) complexes with 2-phenylbenzimidazole cyclometallating ligand and picolinate as ancillary ligand. The 2-phenylbenzimidazole has been modified by selected substituents introduced on the cyclometallating ring and/or on the benzimidazole moiety. The integrity of the complexes has been assessed by NMR spectroscopy, by high-resolution mass spectrometry and by elemental analysis. The complexes are demonstrated to be highly phosphorescent at room temperature and a luminescence study with comprehensive ab initio calculations allow us to determine the lowest emitting excited state which depends on the substituent nature and its position on the cyclometallating ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Théo Cavignac
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | - Camille Latouche
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000 Nantes, France.
- Insitut universitaire de France (IUF), France
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Jing J, Yu M, Pan L, Zhao Y, Xu G, Zhang HH, Li C, Zhang XP. Synthesis and Biological Activities of Luminescent 5,6-Membered Bis(Metallacyclic) Platinum(II) Complexes. Molecules 2023; 28:6369. [PMID: 37687198 PMCID: PMC10489632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Four couples of 5,6-membered bis(metallacyclic) Pt(II) complexes with acetylide and isocyanide auxiliary ligands have been prepared and characterized. The structures of (-)-2 and (-)-3 are confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, showing a distorted square-planar coordination environment around the Pt(II) nucleus. Both solutions and solid samples of all complexes are emissive at RT. Acetylide-coordinated Pt(II) complexes have a lower energy emission than those isocyanide-coordinated ones. The emission spectra of N^N'*C-coordinated Pt(II) derivatives show a lower energy emission maximum relative to N^C*N'-coordinated complexes with the same auxiliary ligand. Moreover, the difference between cyclometalated N^N'*C and N^C*N' ligands exerts a more remarkable effect on the emission than the auxiliary ligands acetylide and isocyanide. Cytotoxicity and cell imaging of luminescent 5,6-membered bis(metallacyclic) Pt(II) complexes have been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiao-Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (J.J.); (M.Y.); (L.P.); (Y.Z.); (G.X.); (H.-H.Z.); (C.L.)
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5
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Esteruelas MA, Moreno-Blázquez S, Oliván M, Oñate E. Competition between N, C, N-Pincer and N, N-Chelate Ligands in Platinum(II). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:10152-10170. [PMID: 37343120 PMCID: PMC11003652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of the chloride ligand of PtCl{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HR2-py]} (R = H (1), Me (2)) and PtCl{κ3-N,C,N-[py-O-C6H3-O-py]} (3) by hydroxido gives Pt(OH){κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HR2-py]} (R = H (4), Me (5)) and Pt(OH){κ3-N,C,N-[py-O-C6H3-O-py]} (6). These compounds promote deprotonation of 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-methylpyrazole, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-trifluoromethylpyrazole, and 2-(2-pyridyl)-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole. The coordination of the anions generates square-planar derivatives, which in solution exist as a unique species or equilibria between isomers. Reactions of 4 and 5 with 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole and 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-methylpyrazole provide Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HR2-py]}{κ1-N1-[R'pz-py]} (R = H; R' = H (7), Me (8). R = Me; R' = H (9), Me (10)), displaying κ1-N1-pyridylpyrazolate coordination. A 5-trifluoromethyl substituent causes N1-to-N2 slide. Thus, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-trifluoromethylpyrazole affords equilibria between Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HR2-py]}{κ1-N1-[CF3pz-py]} (R = H (11a), Me (12a)) and Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HR2-py]}{κ1-N2-[CF3pz-py]} (R = H (11b), Me (12b)). 1,3-Bis(2-pyridyloxy)phenyl allows the chelating coordination of the incoming anions. Deprotonations of 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole and its substituted 5-methyl counterpart promoted by 6 lead to equilibria between Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[pyO-C6H3-Opy]}{κ1-N1-[R'pz-py]} (R' = H (13a), Me (14a)) with a κ-N1-pyridylpyrazolate anion, keeping the pincer coordination of the di(pyridyloxy)aryl ligand, and Pt{κ2-N,C-[pyO-C6H3(Opy)]}{κ2-N,N-[R'pz-py]} (R' = H (13c), Me (14c)) with two chelates. Under the same conditions, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-trifluoromethylpyrazole generates the three possible isomers: Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[pyO-C6H3-Opy]}{κ1-N1-[CF3pz-py]} (15a), Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[pyO-C6H3-Opy]}{κ1-N2-[CF3pz-py]} (15b), and Pt{κ2-N,C-[pyO-C6H3(Opy)]}{κ2-N,N-[CF3pz-py]} (15c). The N1-pyrazolate atom produces a remote stabilizing effect on the chelating form, pyridylpyrazolates being better chelate ligands than pyridylpyrrolates. Accordingly, reactions of 4-6 with 2-(2-pyridyl)-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole yield Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HR2-py]}{κ1-N1-[(CF3)2C4(py)HN]} (R = H (16), Me (17)) or Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[pyO-C6H3-Opy]}{κ1-N1-[(CF3)2C4(py)HN]} (18), displaying κ1-N1-pyrrolate coordination. Complexes 7-10 are efficient green phosphorescent emitters (488-576 nm). In poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films and in dichloromethane, they experience self-quenching, due to molecular stacking. Aggregation occurs through aromatic π-π interactions, reinforced by weak platinum-platinum interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza—CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Moreno-Blázquez
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza—CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza—CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza—CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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6
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Second and third-row transition metal compounds containing benzimidazole ligands: An overview of their anticancer and antitumour activity. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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7
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Group 10 metal-cyanide scaffolds in complexes and extended frameworks: Properties and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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8
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Rivera C, Bacilio-Beltrán HA, Puebla-Pérez AM, Rangel-Salas II, Alvarado–Rodríguez JG, Flores-Moreno R, Velázquez- Juárez G, Peregrina-Lucano AA, Becerra-Martinez E, Valdez-Ruvalcaba J, Rubio-Garcia JE, Cortes-Llamas SA. Cis and trans platinum(II) N-heterocyclic carbene isomers: synthesis, characterization and biological activity. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02508f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of cis and trans geometrical isomers of platinum(II) complexes with a symmetric N-heterocyclic carbene ligand (MeNHC) is reported. These complexes were obtained from 1,3-dimethylimidazolium-2-carboxylate, a masked NHC precursor....
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9
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Flores JC, Silbestri GF, de Jesús E. Water-soluble transition-metal complexes with hydrophilic N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for aqueous-phase applications. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Zhao S, Yang Z, Jiang G, Huang S, Bian M, Lu Y, Liu W. An overview of anticancer platinum N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Kuno A, Hirata G, Tanaka H, Kobayashi Y, Yasuda N, Maeda H. Dipyrrolyldiketone Pt II Complexes: Ion-Pairing π-Electronic Systems with Various Anion-Binding Modes. Chemistry 2021; 27:10068-10076. [PMID: 34002907 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A variety of π-electronic ion-pairing assemblies can be constructed by combining anion complexes of π-electronic systems and countercations. In this study, a series of anion-responsive π-electronic molecules, dipyrrolyldiketone PtII complexes containing a phenylpyridine ligand, were synthesized. The resulting PtII complexes exhibited phosphorescence emission, with higher emission quantum yields (0.30-0.42) and microsecond-order lifetimes, and solution-state anion binding, as revealed by our spectroscopic analyses. These PtII complexes displayed solid-state ion-pairing assemblies, exhibiting various anion-binding modes, which derived from pyrrole-inverted and pyrrole-non-inverted conformations, and packing structures, with the contribution of charge-by-charge assemblies, which were dependent on the substituents in the PtII complexes and the geometries and electronic states of their countercations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Kuno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Goki Hirata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Diffraction and Scattering Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan
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12
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Bulak E, Dogan I, Varnali T, Schwederski B, Gunal SE, Lönnecke P, Bubrin M, Kaim W. An Acyclic Diaminocarbene Complex of Platinum Formed by Desulfurization of 1,3‐Bis(3‐methylpyridin‐2‐yl)thiourea. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ece Bulak
- Bogazici University Department of Chemistry, Bebek 34342 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ilknur Dogan
- Bogazici University Department of Chemistry, Bebek 34342 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Tereza Varnali
- Bogazici University Department of Chemistry, Bebek 34342 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Brigitte Schwederski
- University of Stuttgart Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sule Erol Gunal
- Bogazici University Department of Chemistry, Bebek 34342 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- University of Leipzig Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie Johannisallee 29 04103 Leipzig Germany
| | - Martina Bubrin
- University of Stuttgart Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- University of Stuttgart Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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13
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Wu S, Wu Z, Ge Q, Zheng X, Yang Z. Antitumor activity of tridentate pincer and related metal complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5254-5273. [PMID: 34059868 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00577d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pincer complexes featuring tunable tridentate ligand frameworks are one of the most actively studied classes of metal-based complexes. Currently, growing attention is devoted to the cytotoxicity of pincer and related metal complexes. The antiproliferative activity of numerous pincer complexes has been reported. Pincer tridentate ligand scaffolds show different coordination modes and offer multiple options for directed structural modifications. This review summarizes the significant progress in the research studies of the antitumor activity of pincer and related platinum(ii), gold(iii), palladium(ii), copper(ii), iron(iii), ruthenium(ii), nickel(ii) and some other metal complexes, in order to provide a reference for designing novel metal coordination drug candidates with promising antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Zaoduan Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Qianyi Ge
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Xing Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Zehua Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China.
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14
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Platinum(II) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes arrest metastatic tumor growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025806118. [PMID: 33883283 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025806118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin is a cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein that plays pivotal roles in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis, and its overexpression in aggressive cancers predicted poor prognosis. Herein described is a highly effective antitumor and antimetastatic metal complex [PtII(C^N^N)(NHC2Bu)]PF6 (Pt1a; HC^N^N = 6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine; NHC= N-heterocyclic carbene) that engages vimentin via noncovalent binding interactions with a distinct orthogonal structural scaffold. Pt1a displays vimentin-binding affinity with a dissociation constant of 1.06 µM from surface plasmon resonance measurements and fits into a pocket between the coiled coils of the rod domain of vimentin with multiple hydrophobic interactions. It engages vimentin in cellulo, disrupts vimentin cytoskeleton, reduces vimentin expression in tumors, suppresses xenograft growth and metastasis in different mouse models, and is well tolerated, attributable to biotransformation to less toxic and renal-clearable platinum(II) species. Our studies uncovered the practical therapeutic potential of platinum(II)‒NHC complexes as effective targeted chemotherapy for combating metastatic and cisplatin-resistant cancers.
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15
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Martínez-Junquera M, Lalinde E, Moreno MT, Alfaro-Arnedo E, López IP, Larráyoz IM, Pichel JG. Luminescent cyclometalated platinum(ii) complexes with acyclic diaminocarbene ligands: structural, photophysical and biological properties. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:4539-4554. [PMID: 33729268 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00480h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Four new cyclometalated Pt(ii) complexes bearing acyclic diaminocarbene (ADC) ligands, [Pt(C^N)Cl{C(NHXyl)(NHR)}] [C^N = 2,6-difluorophenylpyridine (dfppy), phenylquinoline (pq); R = Pr 3a, 4a, CH2Ph 3b, 4b], were prepared by the nucleophilic attack on the isocyanide [Pt(C^N)Cl(CNXyl)] (C^N = dfppy 1, pq 2) by the corresponding amine RNH2 (R = Pr, CH2Ph). Complexes 3 show in their 1H NMR spectra in CDCl3 a notable concentration dependence, with a clear variation of the δH (NHXyl) signal, suggesting an assembling process implying donor-acceptor NHXylCl bonding, also supported by 1D-PGSE (Pulse Field Gradient Spin Echo) and 2D-DOSY (Diffusion Ordered Spectroscopy) NMR experiments in solution and X-ray diffraction studies. The intermolecular interactions in compounds 3a and 3b were studied by using Hirshfeld surface analysis and Non-Covalent Interaction (NCI) methods on their X-ray structures. Their photophysical properties were investigated by absorption and emission spectroscopies and also by TD-DFT calculations performed on 3a and 4b. These complexes show green (3) or orange (4) phosphorescence, attributed to a mixed 3IL/3MLCT excited state. The carbene ligand does not affect the emission maxima but it produces an increase of the quantum yields in relation to the isocyanide in the precursors. In fluid solutions, the emission is not concentration-dependent, but the complexes may show aggregation induced emission as detailed for complexes 3a and 4a. In addition, cytotoxicity studies in the human cell lines A549 (lung carcinoma) and HeLa (cervix carcinoma) showed good activity for these complexes and 3a, 3b and 4a exhibit a strong effect on DNA electrophoretic mobility. To the best of our knowledge, compounds 3 and 4 represent the first examples of cycloplatinated complexes bearing acyclic diamino carbenes with antiproliferative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Martínez-Junquera
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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16
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Du L, Nosratabad NA, Jin Z, Zhang C, Wang S, Chen B, Mattoussi H. Luminescent Quantum Dots Stabilized by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Polymer Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1873-1884. [PMID: 33448803 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have tested the ability of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-modified ligands to coordinate and stabilize luminescent CdSe-ZnS core-shell quantum dot (QD) dispersions in hydrophilic media. In particular, we probed the effects of ligand structure and coordination number on the coating affinity to the nanocrystals. We find that such NHC-based ligands rapidly coordinate onto the QDs (requiring ∼5-10 min of reaction time), which reflects the soft Lewis base nature of the NHC groups, with its two electrons sharing capacity. Removal of the hydrophobic cap and promotion of carbene-driven coordination on the nanocrystals have been verified by 1H NMR spectroscopy, while 13C NMR was used to identify the formation of carbene-Zn complexes. The newly coated QD dispersions exhibit great long-term colloidal stability over a wide range of conditions. Additionally, we find that coordination onto the QD surfaces affects the optical and spectroscopic properties of the nanocrystals. These include a size-dependent red-shift of the absorption and fluorescence spectra and a pronounced increase in the measured fluorescence intensity when the samples are stored under white light exposure compared to those stored in the dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Du
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Neda Arabzadeh Nosratabad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Zhicheng Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Chengqi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Sisi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Banghao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Hedi Mattoussi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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17
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Kergreis A, Lord RM, Pike SJ. Influence of Ligand and Nuclearity on the Cytotoxicity of Cyclometallated C^N^C Platinum(II) Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:14938-14946. [PMID: 32520417 PMCID: PMC7756510 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of cyclometallated mono- and di-nuclear platinum(II) complexes and the parent organic ligand, 2,6-diphenylpyridine 1 (HC^N^CH), have been synthesized and characterized. This library of compounds includes [(C^N^C)PtII (L)] (L=dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) 2 and triphenylphosphine (PPh3 ) 3) and [((C^N^C)PtII )2 (L')] (where L'=N-heterocycles (pyrazine (pyr) 4, 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bipy) 5 or diphosphine (1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb) 6). Their cytotoxicity was assessed against four cancerous cell lines and one normal cell line, with results highlighting significantly increased antiproliferative activity for the dinuclear complexes (4-6), when compared to the mononucleated species (2 and 3). Complex 6 is the most promising candidate, displaying very high selectivity towards cancerous cells, with selectivity index (SI) values >29.5 (A2780) and >11.2 (A2780cisR), and outperforming cisplatin by >4-fold and >18-fold, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Kergreis
- School of Chemistry and BiosciencesFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradford, West YorkshireBD7 1DPUK
| | - Rianne M. Lord
- School of Chemistry and BiosciencesFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradford, West YorkshireBD7 1DPUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Sarah J. Pike
- School of Chemistry and BiosciencesFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of BradfordBradford, West YorkshireBD7 1DPUK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
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18
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Nguyen Van Ha, Doan Thanh Dat. Ground and Excited State Electronic Structures of d8-Squared Planar Platinum(II) and Gold(III) Complexes Bearing Cyclometallated 2,6-Diphenylpyridine and Pyrene-Derived N-Heterocyclic Carbene. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023620110145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Mohammadnezhad G, Abad S, Farrokhpour H, Görls H, Plass W. Electrocatalytic property, anticancer activity, and density functional theory calculation of [NiCl(P^N^P)]Cl.EtOH. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Abad
- Department of Chemistry Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156‐83111 Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Farrokhpour
- Department of Chemistry Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156‐83111 Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Friedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena Humboldtstr. 8 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Friedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena Humboldtstr. 8 Jena 07743 Germany
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20
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Günnaz S. Evaluation of Cu(II) bzimpy complexes by 1H-NMR and catalytic activities. J COORD CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2020.1840561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salih Günnaz
- Department of Chemistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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21
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Roque‐Ramires MA, Shen L, Le Lagadec R. Synthesis of Non‐Symmetric Ruthenium(II) POCOP Pincer Complexes and Their Bimetallic Derivatives by π‐Coordination of Arenophile Fragments. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. Roque‐Ramires
- Instituto de Química, UNAM, Circuito Exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
| | | | - Ronan Le Lagadec
- Instituto de Química, UNAM, Circuito Exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria 04510 Ciudad de México Mexico
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22
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Kletsch L, Hörner G, Klein A. Cyclometalated Ni(II) Complexes [Ni(N∧C∧N)X] of the Tridentate 2,6-di(2-pyridyl)phen-ide Ligand. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kletsch
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Gerald Hörner
- Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie IV, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Department für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
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23
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Io K, Ng S, Yeung C, Wong C. Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Computational Studies of Rhodium(III) Complexes Bearing N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Based C
^
N
^
C Pincer Ligand and Bipyridine/Terpyridine. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai‐Wa Io
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sze‐Wing Ng
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chi‐Fung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chun‐Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR
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24
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NGUYEN VANHA, DINH THIHONGNGOC, DANG THANHTUAN. Platinum(II), palladium(II) and gold(I) benzimidazolin-2-ylidene as potential probes for determination of N-heterocyclic carbene donor strengths and steric bulks by DFT calculations. J CHEM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-020-01785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Novel nickel(II), palladium(II), and platinum(II) complexes having a pyrrolyl-iminophosphine (PNN) pincer: Synthesis, crystal structures, and cytotoxic activity. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 205:111015. [PMID: 32032825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A pyrrolyl-iminophosphine (PNNH) which would act as a potential terdentate ligand has been prepared by Schiff base reaction. Complexes [M(PNN)X] (M = Ni; X = Cl (1), Pd; X = Cl (2), Br (3), I (4), M = Pt; X = Cl (5)) were prepared. The title complexes were characterized by various spectroscopic (IR, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR) and elemental analyses. The molecular structures of 1, 2, and 5 have been established by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, demonstrating a distorted square planar geometry comprising two 5-membered metallacyclic rings. Complexes 1 and 2 were found to crystallize in the orthorhombic while complex 5 crystallizes in the monoclinic. Cytotoxicities of the complexes along with PNNH were evaluated against A549 (lung), SK-OV-3 (ovarian), SM-MEL-2 (skin), and HCT15 (colon) human cancer cell lines by sulforhodamine B assay. Notably, the palladium(II) complex (2) shows the highest activity. Apoptosis activity along with the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD (Z-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone) assay of 2 and 5 against A549 and HCT15 cancer cell lines were investigated to learn a mechanistic pathway for the observed cytotoxicity, practically eliminating an apoptotic cell-death route. Complexes 2 and 5 were studied to DNA cleavage assay and molecular docking simulation. The DNA (pcDNA3.0) cleavage experiment evaluates complex 5 interacting with DNA, more effectively, in comparison to complex 2. Molecular docking simulation of 2 and 5 toward DNA and GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein 78) was performed to predict binding sites of ligand-receptors and a plausible mechanistic aspect of metallodrug-action.
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26
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Mohammadnezhad G, Esfandiari M, Steiniger F. End-grafted Cu-NNN pincer complexes on PAMAM dendrimers-SiO 2: synthesis and characterization. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj02693j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A triazine-derived Cu(ii)-NNN pincer complex was linked onto dendritic nanoparticle supports.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitra Esfandiari
- Department of Chemistry
- Isfahan University of Technology
- Isfahan
- Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Frank Steiniger
- Center for Electron Microscopy
- Jena University Hospital
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
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27
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Choo KB, Lee SM, Lee WL, Cheow YL. Synthesis, characterization, in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer studies of new platinum N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes and unexpected nickel complexes. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Shi H, Clarkson GJ, Sadler PJ. Dual action photosensitive platinum(II) anticancer prodrugs with photoreleasable azide ligands. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Abstract
Background:
Since the serendipitous discovery of the antitumor activity of cisplatin
there has been a continuous surge in studies aimed at the development of new cytotoxic
metal complexes. While the majority of these complexes have been designed to interact with
nuclear DNA, other targets for anticancer metallodrugs attract increasing interest. In cancer
cells the mitochondrial metabolism is deregulated. Impaired apoptosis, insensitivity to antigrowth
signals and unlimited proliferation have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. It
is therefore not surprising that mitochondria have emerged as a major target for cancer therapy.
Mitochondria-targeting agents are able to bypass resistance mechanisms and to (re-) activate
cell-death programs.
Methods:
Web-based literature searching tools such as SciFinder were used to search for reports
on cytotoxic metal complexes that are taken up by the mitochondria and interact with
mitochondrial DNA or mitochondrial proteins, disrupt the mitochondrial membrane potential,
facilitate mitochondrial membrane permeabilization or activate mitochondria-dependent celldeath
signaling by unbalancing the cellular redox state. Included in the search were publications
investigating strategies to selectively accumulate metallodrugs in the mitochondria.
Results:
This review includes 241 references on antimitochondrial metal complexes, the use
of mitochondria-targeting carrier ligands and the formation of lipophilic cationic complexes.
Conclusion:
Recent developments in the design, cytotoxic potency, and mechanistic understanding
of antimitochondrial metal complexes, in particular of cyclometalated Au, Ru, Ir and
Pt complexes, Ru polypyridine complexes and Au-N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphine
complexes are summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Erxleben
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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30
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Qin QP, Wang SL, Tan MX, Luo DM, Wang ZF, Wei QM, Wu XY, Zou BQ, Liu YC. 3-(1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-chromen-2-ylideneamine platinum(II) and ruthenium(II) complexes exert their high in vitro antitumor activity by inducing S-phase arrest and disrupting mitochondrial functions in SK-OV-3/DDP tumor cells. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Günnaz S, Gökçe AG, Türkmen H. Synthesis of bimetallic complexes bridged by 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl) pyridine derivatives and their catalytic properties in transfer hydrogenation. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:17317-17328. [PMID: 30475380 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03178a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A series of binuclear rhodium(i) and iridium(i) complexes with 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl) pyridine (bzimpy) derivatives were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods. The molecular and crystal structures of complex 3d were determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Their monometallic analogues were prepared to compare the catalytic properties of the bimetallic complexes. To determine the catalyst properties that result in a cooperative, bimetallic enhancement of the reaction rate, the systematic variation of the intermetallic distance and the ligand donor properties of the bimetallic complexes were explored based on the transfer hydrogenation reactions of ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Günnaz
- Ege University, Department of Chemistry, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
| | | | - Hayati Türkmen
- Ege University, Department of Chemistry, 35100 Izmir, Turkey.
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32
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McPherson JN, Das B, Colbran SB. Tridentate pyridine–pyrrolide chelate ligands: An under-appreciated ligand set with an immensely promising coordination chemistry. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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33
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Wang Z, Jiang L, Ng CK, Song X, Hor TSA, Zhao J. Isolation and Crystallographic Identification of Photoactive Pt
II
Tris‐ and Bis(
N
‐methylbenzimidazole‐NHC) Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science Innovis 2 Fusionopolis Way 138634 Singapore Singapore
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Lu Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science Innovis 2 Fusionopolis Way 138634 Singapore Singapore
| | - Chee Koon Ng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science Innovis 2 Fusionopolis Way 138634 Singapore Singapore
| | - Xiaolu Song
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science Innovis 2 Fusionopolis Way 138634 Singapore Singapore
| | - T. S. Andy Hor
- Department of Chemistry The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science Innovis 2 Fusionopolis Way 138634 Singapore Singapore
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34
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Ai Y, Ng M, Hong EY, Chan AK, Wei Z, Li Y, Yam VW. Solvent‐Induced and Temperature‐Promoted Aggregation of Bipyridine Platinum(II) Triangular Metallacycles and Their Near‐Infrared Emissive Behaviors. Chemistry 2018; 24:11611-11618. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeye Ai
- Lehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Maggie Ng
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Eugene Yau‐Hin Hong
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Alan Kwun‐Wa Chan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Zhang‐Wen Wei
- Lehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Yongguang Li
- Lehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing‐Wah Yam
- Lehn Institute of Functional MaterialsSchool of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee (Hong Kong) and Department of ChemistryThe University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Hong Kong
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35
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Zou T, Lok CN, Wan PK, Zhang ZF, Fung SK, Che CM. Anticancer metal-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of gold, platinum and palladium. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 43:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Leopold H, Strassner T. 4,5-Substituted C^C* cyclometalated thiazol-2-ylidene platinum(ii) complexes - synthesis and photophysical properties. Dalton Trans 2018; 46:7800-7812. [PMID: 28590491 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00828g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of seven novel backbone functionalized N-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene platinum(ii) complexes and their photophysical properties. Electronically diverse N-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-thiones were prepared by a reaction of aniline with carbon disulfide and different α-haloketone compounds. Oxidative desulfuration and salt metathesis yielded the desired NHC-precursors with hexafluorophosphate counterions. In addition, a new route for the synthesis of N-phenyl-1,3-benzo[d]thiazole tetrafluoroborate via N-arylation using hypervalent iodine species is presented. All complexes were prepared from the corresponding NHC precursor in a one-pot process using silver(i)oxide, transmetalation to platinum and reaction with the β-diketone acetylacetone under basic conditions. These complexes exhibit strong phosphorescence with quantum yields up to 72% in 2 wt% PMMA films with decay lifetimes of 8.8-12.3 μs. The influence of methyl- and phenyl-groups, and an ester-substituent at the 4- and/or 5-position of the 1,3-thiazole moiety, as well as the N-phenyl-1,3-benzo[d]thiazole-derived motif is discussed. The 4,5-unsubstituted-N-phenyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene platinum(ii) acetylacetonato complex served as a reference in this study to evaluate the electronic effects originating from the backbone substitution. All complexes emit in a narrow range of the bluish-green spectrum of the visible light (510 ± 10 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Leopold
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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37
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Zhang Y, Luo Q, Zheng W, Wang Z, Lin Y, Zhang E, Lü S, Xiang J, Zhao Y, Wang F. Luminescent cyclometallated platinum(ii) complexes: highly promising EGFR/DNA probes and dual-targeting anticancer agents. Inorg Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00346c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometallated platinum complexes bearing 4-anilinoquinazolines exhibit high potential as luminescent probes for EGFR/DNA in living cells and dual-targeting anticancer agents.
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38
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Imoto H, Sasaki H, Tanaka S, Yumura T, Naka K. Platinum(II) Dihalide Complexes with 9-Arsafluorenes: Effects of Ligand Modification on the Phosphorescent Properties. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty
of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Faculty
of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Faculty
of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Yumura
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty
of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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39
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Jana A, Das N. Self-Assembly of [2+2] Platina Macrocycles Using a Flexible Organometallic Clip. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Achintya Jana
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Patna 801106, Bihar India, Tel.: +919631624708, Tel.: +91612-3028023
| | - Neeladri Das
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Patna; Patna 801106, Bihar India, Tel.: +919631624708, Tel.: +91612-3028023
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40
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Fung SK, Zou T, Cao B, Lee PY, Fung YME, Hu D, Lok CN, Che CM. Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Engage Multiple Anti-Cancer Molecular Targets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sin Ki Fung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Taotao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Bei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Pui-Yan Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Yi Man Eva Fung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Di Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry; Institute of Molecular Functional Materials; Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China
- HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation; Shenzhen 518053 China
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41
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Fung SK, Zou T, Cao B, Lee PY, Fung YME, Hu D, Lok CN, Che CM. Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Engage Multiple Anti-Cancer Molecular Targets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3892-3896. [PMID: 28247451 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes are a promising class of anti-cancer agents displaying potent in vitro and in vivo activities. Taking a multi-faceted approach employing two clickable photoaffinity probes, herein we report the identification of multiple molecular targets for anti-cancer active pincer gold(III) NHC complexes. These complexes display potent and selective cytotoxicity against cultured cancer cells and in vivo anti-tumor activities in mice bearing xenografts of human cervical and lung cancers. Our experiments revealed the specific engagement of the gold(III) complexes with multiple cellular targets, including HSP60, vimentin, nucleophosmin, and YB-1, accompanied by expected downstream mechanisms of action. Additionally, PtII and PdII analogues can also bind the cellular proteins targeted by the gold(III) complexes, uncovering a distinct pincer cyclometalated metal-NHC scaffold in the design of anti-cancer metal medicines with multiple molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Ki Fung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Taotao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui-Yan Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Man Eva Fung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Chemical Biology Centre and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen, 518053, China
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42
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Jana A, Bhowmick S, Kaur S, Kashyap HK, Das N. Design of a flexible organometallic tecton: host–guest chemistry with picric acid and self-assembly of platinum macrocycles. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:1986-1995. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03498e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new “flexible” and ditopic Pt(ii) organometallic compound is a tecton for the self-assembly of neutral metallacycles. It also exhibits significant binding affinity for picric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achintya Jana
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna 801103
- India
| | - Sourav Bhowmick
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna 801103
- India
| | - Supreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016
- India
| | - Hemant K. Kashyap
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016
- India
| | - Neeladri Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Patna
- Patna 801103
- India
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43
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Leopold H, Heinemeyer U, Wagenblast G, Münster I, Strassner T. Changing the Emission Properties of Phosphorescent C^C*-Cyclometalated Thiazol-2-ylidene Platinum(II) Complexes by Variation of the β-Diketonate Ligands. Chemistry 2016; 23:1118-1128. [PMID: 27859741 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated thiazol-2-ylidene platinum(II) complexes based on the N-phenyl-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-2-ylidene N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand and seven different β-diketonate ligands have been synthesised and investigated for their structural and photophysical properties. The complexes were synthesised in a one-pot procedure starting with the in situ formation of the corresponding silver(I) carbene and transmetalation to platinum, followed by the reaction with the respective β-diketonate under basic conditions. All the compounds were fully characterised by standard techniques, including 195 Pt NMR spectroscopy. Three solid-state structures revealed quite different aggregation behaviour depending on the β-diketonate architecture. The reported complexes showed strong phosphorescence at room temperature in amorphous poly(methyl methacrylate) films. The emission wavelengths (ca. 510 nm) were found to be independent of the β-diketonate ligand, but the electronically diverse β-diketonates strongly influence the observed quantum yields (QY) and decay lifetimes. The results of theoretical studies employing density functional theory (DFT) methods support the conclusion of a metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3 MLCT) as the main emission process, in accordance with the reported photophysical properties. Standard organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) prepared with unoptimised matrix materials using one of the complexes showed values of 12.3 % external quantum yield, 24.0 lm W-1 luminous efficacy and 37.8 cd A-1 current efficiency at 300 cd m-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Leopold
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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44
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Liu W, Gust R. Update on metal N-heterocyclic carbene complexes as potential anti-tumor metallodrugs. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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45
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46
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Schmitt F, Donnelly K, Muenzner JK, Rehm T, Novohradsky V, Brabec V, Kasparkova J, Albrecht M, Schobert R, Mueller T. Effects of histidin-2-ylidene vs. imidazol-2-ylidene ligands on the anticancer and antivascular activity of complexes of ruthenium, iridium, platinum, and gold. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 163:221-228. [PMID: 27491634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Couples of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of ruthenium, iridium, platinum, and gold, each differing only in the carbene ligand being either 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (IM) or 1,3-dimethyl-N-boc-O-methylhistidin-2-ylidene (HIS), were assessed for their antiproliferative effect on seven cancer cell lines, their interaction with DNA, their cell cycle interference, and their vascular disrupting properties. In MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assays only the platinum complexes were cytotoxic at single-digit micromolar IC50 concentrations with the (HIS)Pt complex being on average twice as active as the (IM)Pt complex. The former was highly efficacious against cisplatin-resistant HT-29 colon carcinoma cells where the latter had no effect. Both Pt complexes were accumulated by cancer cells and bound to double-helical DNA equally well. Only the (HIS)Pt complex modified the electrophoretic mobility of circular DNA in vitro due to the HIS ligand causing greater morphological changes to the DNA. Both platinum complexes induced accumulation of 518A2 melanoma cells in G2/M and S phase of the cell cycle. A disruption of blood vessels in the chorioallantoic membrane of fertilized chicken eggs was observed for both platinum complexes and the (IM)gold complex. The (HIS)platinum complex was as active as cisplatin in tumor xenografted mice while being tolerated better. We found that the HIS ligand may augment the cytotoxicity of certain antitumoral metal fragments in two ways: by acting as a transmembrane carrier increasing the cellular accumulation of the complex, and by initiating a pronounced distortion and unwinding of DNA. We identified a new (HIS)platinum complex which was highly cytotoxic against cancer cells including cisplatin-resistant ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schmitt
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Kate Donnelly
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Julienne K Muenzner
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tobias Rehm
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, CZ-77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Albrecht
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle-Saale, Germany
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47
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Bolbat E, Suarez-Alcantara K, Canton SE, Wendt OF. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and catalytic activity of platinum(II) carbene complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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48
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García-Calvo J, Calvo-Gredilla P, Ibáñez-Llorente M, Rodríguez T, Torroba T. Detection of Contaminants of High Environmental Impact by Means of Fluorogenic Probes. CHEM REC 2016; 16:810-24. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José García-Calvo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Burgos, Faculty of Science; 09001 Burgos Spain
| | | | | | - Teresa Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry; University of Burgos, Faculty of Science; 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Tomás Torroba
- Department of Chemistry; University of Burgos, Faculty of Science; 09001 Burgos Spain
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49
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Imoto H, Tanaka S, Kato T, Watase S, Matsukawa K, Yumura T, Naka K. Highly Efficient Solid-State Phosphorescence of Platinum Dihalide Complexes with 9-Phenyl-9-arsafluorene Ligands. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty
of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Susumu Tanaka
- Faculty
of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takuji Kato
- Faculty
of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Seiji Watase
- Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Matsukawa
- Osaka Municipal Technical Research Institute, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553, Japan
| | - Takashi Yumura
- Faculty
of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and
Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty
of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science
and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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50
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Yang C, Mehmood F, Lam TL, Chan SLF, Wu Y, Yeung CS, Guan X, Li K, Chung CYS, Zhou CY, Zou T, Che CM. Stable luminescent iridium(iii) complexes with bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) ligands: photo-stability, excited state properties, visible-light-driven radical cyclization and CO 2 reduction, and cellular imaging. Chem Sci 2016; 7:3123-3136. [PMID: 29997803 PMCID: PMC6003676 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc04458h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excited state properties, photo-catalysis and cellular imaging of photo-stable bis-NHC Ir(iii) complexes are described.
A new class of cyclometalated Ir(iii) complexes supported by various bidentate C-deprotonated (C^N) and cis-chelating bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) (bis-NHC) ligands has been synthesized. These complexes display strong emission in deaerated solutions at room temperature with photoluminescence quantum yields up to 89% and emission lifetimes up to 96 μs. A photo-stable complex containing C-deprotonated fluorenyl-substituted C^N shows no significant decomposition even upon irradiation for over 120 h by blue LEDs (12 W). These, together with the strong absorption in the visible region and rich photo-redox properties, allow the bis-NHC Ir(iii) complexes to act as good photo-catalysts for reductive C–C bond formation from C(sp3/sp2)–Br bonds cleavage using visible-light irradiation (λ > 440 nm). A water-soluble complex with a glucose-functionalized bis-NHC ligand catalysed a visible-light-driven radical cyclization for the synthesis of pyrrolidine in aqueous media. Also, the bis-NHC Ir(iii) complex in combination with a cobalt catalyst can catalyse the visible-light-driven CO2 reduction with excellent turnover numbers (>2400) and selectivity (CO over H2 in gas phase: >95%). Additionally, this series of bis-NHC Ir(iii) complexes are found to localize in and stain endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of various cell lines with high selectivity, and exhibit high cytotoxicity towards cancer cells, revealing their potential uses as bioimaging and/or anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China . .,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation , Shenzhen , China
| | - Faisal Mehmood
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Tsz Lung Lam
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen , PR China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Sharon Lai-Fung Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute , Shenzhen , PR China.,Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology , The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hung Hom , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Yuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Chi-Shun Yeung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Xiangguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China . .,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation , Shenzhen , China
| | - Clive Yik-Sham Chung
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Cong-Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China . .,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation , Shenzhen , China
| | - Taotao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Chi-Ming Che
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry , Institute of Molecular Functional Materials , HKU-CAS Joint Laboratory on New Materials and Department of Chemistry , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road , Hong Kong , China . .,HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation , Shenzhen , China
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