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Kröll S, Burgahn T, Rabe KS, Franzreb M, Niemeyer CM. Nano- and Microscale Confinements in DNA-Scaffolded Enzyme Cascade Reactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304578. [PMID: 37732702 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Artificial reconstruction of naturally evolved principles, such as compartmentalization and cascading of multienzyme complexes, offers enormous potential for the development of biocatalytic materials and processes. Due to their unique addressability at the nanoscale, DNA origami nanostructures (DON) have proven to be an exceptionally powerful tool for studying the fundamental processes in biocatalytic cascades. To systematically investigate the diffusion-reaction network of (co)substrate transfer in enzyme cascades, a model system of stereoselective ketoreductase (KRED) with cofactor regenerating enzyme is assembled in different spatial arrangements on DNA nanostructures and is located in the sphere of microbeads (MB) as a spatially confining nano- and microenvironment, respectively. The results, obtained through the use of highly sensitive analytical methods, Western blot-based quantification of the enzymes, and mass spectrometric (MS) product detection, along with theoretical modeling, provide strong evidence for the presence of two interacting compartments, the diffusion layers around the microbead and the DNA scaffold, which influence the catalytic efficiency of the cascade. It is shown that the microscale compartment exerts a strong influence on the productivity of the cascade, whereas the nanoscale arrangement of enzymes has no influence but can be modulated by the insertion of a diffusion barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kröll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Teresa Burgahn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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2
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Hertel JS, Bitterwolf P, Kröll S, Winterhalter A, Weber AJ, Grösche M, Walkowsky LB, Heißler S, Schwotzer M, Wöll C, van de Kamp T, Zuber M, Baumbach T, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Biocatalytic Foams from Microdroplet-Formulated Self-Assembling Enzymes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303952. [PMID: 37358068 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Industrial biocatalysis plays an important role in the development of a sustainable economy, as enzymes can be used to synthesize an enormous range of complex molecules under environmentally friendly conditions. To further develop the field, intensive research is being conducted on process technologies for continuous flow biocatalysis in order to immobilize large quantities of enzyme biocatalysts in microstructured flow reactors under conditions that are as gentle as possible in order to realize efficient material conversions. Here, monodisperse foams consisting almost entirely of enzymes covalently linked via SpyCatcher/SpyTag conjugation are reported. The biocatalytic foams are readily available from recombinant enzymes via microfluidic air-in-water droplet formation, can be directly integrated into microreactors, and can be used for biocatalytic conversions after drying. Reactors prepared by this method show surprisingly high stability and biocatalytic activity. The physicochemical characterization of the new materials is described and exemplary applications in biocatalysis are shown using two-enzyme cascades for the stereoselective synthesis of chiral alcohols and the rare sugar tagatose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian S Hertel
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Bitterwolf
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sandra Kröll
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Astrid Winterhalter
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Annika J Weber
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Grösche
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Laurenz B Walkowsky
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Heißler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwotzer
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof Wöll
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas van de Kamp
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation (LAS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcus Zuber
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation (LAS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tilo Baumbach
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation (IPS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation (LAS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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3
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Kröll S, Schneider L, Wadhwani P, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Orthogonal protein decoration of DNA nanostructures based on SpyCatcher-SpyTag interaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13471-13474. [PMID: 36383063 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05335g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We present an efficient and readily applicable strategy for the covalent ligation of proteins to DNA origami by using the SpyCatcher-SpyTag (SC-ST) connector system. This approach showed orthogonality with other covalent connectors and has been used exemplarily for the immobilization and study of stereoselective ketoreductases to gain insight into the spatial arrangement of enzymes on DNA nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kröll
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Leonie Schneider
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Parvesh Wadhwani
- Department of Molecular Biophysics (IBG 2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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4
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Bitterwolf P, Zoheir AE, Hertel J, Kröll S, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Intracellular Assembly of Interacting Enzymes Yields Highly-Active Nanoparticles for Flow Biocatalysis. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202157. [PMID: 36000795 PMCID: PMC9828753 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
All-enzyme hydrogel (AEH) particles with a hydrodynamic diameter of up to 120 nm were produced intracellularly with an Escherichia coli-based in vivo system. The inCell-AEH nanoparticles were generated from polycistronic vectors enabling simultaneous expression of two interacting enzymes, the Lactobacillus brevis alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and the Bacillus subtilis glucose-1-dehydrogenase (GDH), fused with a SpyCatcher or SpyTag, respectively. Formation of inCell-AEH was analyzed by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy. Using the stereoselective two-step reduction of a prochiral diketone substrate, we show that the inCell-AEH approach can be advantageously used in whole-cell flow biocatalysis, by which flow reactors could be operated for >4 days under constant substrate perfusion. More importantly, the inCell-AEH concept enables the recovery of efficient catalyst materials for stable flow bioreactors in a simple and economical one-step procedure from crude bacterial lysates. We believe that our method will contribute to further optimization of sustainable biocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bitterwolf
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1Karlsruhe76344Germany
| | - Ahmed E. Zoheir
- Department of Genetics and CytologyNational Research Centre (NRC)33 El Buhouth St.Cairo12622Egypt
| | - Julian Hertel
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1Karlsruhe76344Germany
| | - Sandra Kröll
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1Karlsruhe76344Germany
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1Karlsruhe76344Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1Karlsruhe76344Germany
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5
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Kröll S, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. An Orthogonal Covalent Connector System for the Efficient Assembly of Enzyme Cascades on DNA Nanostructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2105095. [PMID: 34825457 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Combining structural DNA nanotechnology with the virtually unlimited variety of enzymes offers unique opportunities for generating novel biocatalytic devices. However, the immobilization of enzymes is still restricted by a lack of efficient covalent coupling techniques. The rational re-engineering of the genetically fusible SNAP-tag linker is reported here. By replacing five amino acids that alter the electrostatic properties of the SNAP_R5 variant, up to 11-fold increased coupling efficiency with benzylguanine-modified oligonucleotides and DNA origami nanostructures (DON) was achieved, resulting in typical occupancy densities of 75%. The novel SNAP_R5 linker can be combined with the equally efficient Halo-based oligonucleotide binding tag (HOB). Since both linkers exhibit neither cross-reactivity nor non-specific binding, they allowed orthogonal assembly of an enzyme cascade consisting of the stereoselective ketoreductase Gre2p and the cofactor-regenerating isocitrate dehydrogenase on DON. The cascade showed approximately 1.6-fold higher activity in a stereoselective cascade reaction than the corresponding free solubilized enzymes. The connector system presented here and the methods used to validate it represent important tools for further development of DON-based multienzyme systems to investigate mechanistic effects of substrate channeling and compartmentalization relevant for exploitation in biosensing and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kröll
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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6
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Ott F, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM, Gygli G. Toward Reproducible Enzyme Modeling with Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ott
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Gudrun Gygli
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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7
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Lemke P, Zoheir AE, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Microfluidic cultivation and analysis of productive biofilms. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3860-3870. [PMID: 34133021 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We here report the application of a machine-based microfluidic biofilm cultivation and analysis platform for studying the performance of biocatalytically active biofilms. By using robotic sampling, we succeeded in spatially resolving the productivity of three microfluidic reactors containing biocatalytically active biofilms that inducibly overexpress recombinant enzymes. Escherichia coli biofilms expressing two stereoselective oxidoreductases, the (R)-selective alcohol dehydrogenase LbADH and the (S)-selective ketoreductase Gre2p, as well as the phenolic acid decarboxylase EsPAD were used. The excellent reproducibility of the cultivation and analysis methods observed for all three systems underlines the usefulness of the new technical platform for the investigation of biofilms. In addition, we demonstrated that the analytical platform also opens up new opportunities to perform in-depth spatially resolved studies on the biomass growth in a reactor channel and its biochemical productivity. Since the platform not only offers the detailed biochemical characterization but also broad capabilities for the morphological study of living biofilms, we believe that our approach can also be performed on many other natural and artificial biofilms to systematically investigate a wide range of process parameters in a highly parallel manner using miniaturized model systems, thus advancing the harnessing of microbial communities for technical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Lemke
- Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ahmed E Zoheir
- Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Department of Genetics and Cytology, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute for Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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8
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Towards a Novel Computer-Aided Optimization of Microreactors: Techno-Economic Evaluation of an Immobilized Enzyme System. Symmetry (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sym13030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobilized multi-enzyme cascades are increasingly used in microfluidic devices. In particular, their application in continuous flow reactors shows great potential, utilizing the benefits of reusability and control of the reaction conditions. However, capitalizing on this potential is challenging and requires detailed knowledge of the investigated system. Here, we show the application of computational methods for optimization with multi-level reactor design (MLRD) methodology based on the underlying physical and chemical processes. We optimize a stereoselective reduction of a diketone catalyzed by ketoreductase (Gre2) and Nicotinamidadenindinukleotidphosphat (NADPH) cofactor regeneration with glucose dehydrogenase (GDH). Both enzymes are separately immobilized on magnetic beads forming a packed bed within the microreactor. We derive optimal reactor feed concentrations and enzyme ratios for enhanced performance and a basic economic model in order to maximize the techno-economic performance (TEP) for the first reduction of 5-nitrononane-2,8-dione.
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9
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Breaking Molecular Symmetry through Biocatalytic Reactions to Gain Access to Valuable Chiral Synthons. Symmetry (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/sym12091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review the recent reports of biocatalytic reactions applied to the desymmetrization of meso-compounds or symmetric prochiral molecules are summarized. The survey of literature from 2015 up to date reveals that lipases are still the most used enzymes for this goal, due to their large substrate tolerance, stability in different reaction conditions and commercial availability. However, a growing interest is focused on the use of other purified enzymes or microbial whole cells to expand the portfolio of exploitable reactions and the molecular diversity of substrates to be transformed. Biocatalyzed desymmetrization is nowadays recognized as a reliable and efficient approach for the preparation of pharmaceuticals or natural bioactive compounds and many processes have been scaled up for multigram preparative purposes, also in continuous-flow conditions.
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10
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Burgahn T, Pietrek P, Dittmeyer R, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Evaluation of a Microreactor for Flow Biocatalysis by Combined Theory and Experiment. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Burgahn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Philip Pietrek
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Roland Dittmeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Micro Process Engineering (IMVT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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11
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Bitterwolf P, Gallus S, Peschke T, Mittmann E, Oelschlaeger C, Willenbacher N, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Valency engineering of monomeric enzymes for self-assembling biocatalytic hydrogels. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9752-9757. [PMID: 32055344 PMCID: PMC6993604 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
All-enzyme hydrogels are efficient reagents for continuous flow biocatalysis. These materials can be obtained by self-assembly of two oligomeric enzymes, modified with the complementary SpyTag and SpyCatcher units. To facilitate access to the large proportion of biocatalytically relevant monomeric enzymes, we demonstrate that the tagging valency of the monomeric (S)-stereoselective ketoreductase Gre2p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be designed to assemble stable, active hydrogels with the cofactor-regenerating glucose 1-dehydrogenase GDH from Bacillus subtilis. Mounted in microfluidic reactors, these gels revealed high conversion rates and stereoselectivity in the reduction of prochiral methylketones under continuous flow for more than 8 days. The sequential use as well as parallelization by 'numbering up' of the flow reactor modules demonstrate that this approach is suitable for syntheses on the semipreparative scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bitterwolf
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany .
| | - Sabrina Gallus
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany .
| | - Theo Peschke
- Novartis AG , Kohlestrasse WSJ 103 , CH-4002 Basel , Switzerland
| | - Esther Mittmann
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany .
| | - Claude Oelschlaeger
- Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Gotthard-Franz-Straße 3 , D-76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Norbert Willenbacher
- Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Gotthard-Franz-Straße 3 , D-76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany .
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG1) , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany .
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12
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Mittmann E, Hu Y, Peschke T, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM, Bräse S. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis ofO‐Containing Heterocycles fromα‐Diazo Esters. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Mittmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldschafen Germany
| | - Yuling Hu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Theo Peschke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldschafen Germany
- Novartis Pharma AGChemical and Analytical Development (CHAD) 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldschafen Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldschafen Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (IOC) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldschafen Germany
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13
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Efficient reductive desymmetrization of bulky 1,3-cyclodiketones enabled by structure-guided directed evolution of a carbonyl reductase. Nat Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-019-0347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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14
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Eastman H, Ryan J, Maciá B, Caprio V, O'Reilly E. Alcohol Dehydrogenase‐Triggered Oxa‐Michael Reaction for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Disubstituted Tetrahydropyrans and Tetrahydrofurans. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harry Eastman
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - James Ryan
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Beatriz Maciá
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, Division of Chemistry & Environmental ScienceManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD United Kingdom
| | - Vittorio Caprio
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, Division of Chemistry & Environmental ScienceManchester Metropolitan University Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD United Kingdom
| | - Elaine O'Reilly
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Current address: School of ChemistryUniversity College Dublin Belfield, Dublin 4 Ireland
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15
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Peschke T, Bitterwolf P, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Self‐Immobilizing Oxidoreductases for Flow Biocatalysis in Miniaturized Packed‐Bed Reactors. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Peschke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Patrick Bitterwolf
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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16
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Hansen SH, Kabbeck T, Radtke CP, Krause S, Krolitzki E, Peschke T, Gasmi J, Rabe KS, Wagner M, Horn H, Hubbuch J, Gescher J, Niemeyer CM. Machine-assisted cultivation and analysis of biofilms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8933. [PMID: 31222095 PMCID: PMC6586868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are the natural form of life of the majority of microorganisms. These multispecies consortia are intensively studied not only for their effects on health and environment but also because they have an enormous potential as tools for biotechnological processes. Further exploration and exploitation of these complex systems will benefit from technical solutions that enable integrated, machine-assisted cultivation and analysis. We here introduce a microfluidic platform, where readily available microfluidic chips are connected by automated liquid handling with analysis instrumentation, such as fluorescence detection, microscopy, chromatography and optical coherence tomography. The system is operable under oxic and anoxic conditions, allowing for different gases and nutrients as feeding sources and it offers high spatiotemporal resolution in the analysis of metabolites and biofilm composition. We demonstrate the platform's performance by monitoring the productivity of biofilms as well as the spatial organization of two bacterial species in a co-culture, which is driven by chemical gradients along the microfluidic channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silla H Hansen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kabbeck
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Biosciences (IAB), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten P Radtke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Susanne Krause
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Biosciences (IAB), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Eva Krolitzki
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Theo Peschke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jannis Gasmi
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Horn
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engler-Bunte-Institut, Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Engler-Bunte-Ring 9a, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hubbuch
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Engineering in Life Sciences, Section IV: Biomolecular Separation Engineering, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Gescher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. .,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Applied Biosciences (IAB), Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-1), Herrmann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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17
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Abstract
Maximizing space–time yields (STY) of biocatalytic flow processes is essential for the establishment of a circular biobased economy. We present a comparative study in which different biocatalytic flow reactor concepts were tested with the same enzyme, the (R)-selective alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis (LbADH), that was used for stereoselective reduction of 5-nitrononane-2,8-dione. The LbADH contained a genetically encoded streptavidin (STV)-binding peptide to enable self-immobilization on STV-coated surfaces. The purified enzyme was immobilized by physisorption or chemisorption as monolayers on the flow channel walls, on magnetic microbeads in a packed-bed format, or as self-assembled all-enzyme hydrogels. Moreover, a multilayer biofilm with cytosolic-expressed LbADH served as a whole-cell biocatalyst. To enable cross-platform comparison, STY values were determined for the various reactor modules. While mono- and multilayer coatings of the reactor surface led to STY < 10, higher productivity was achieved with packed-bed reactors (STY ≈ 100) and the densely packed hydrogels (STY > 450). The latter modules could be operated for prolonged times (>6 days). Given that our approach should be transferable to other enzymes, we anticipate that compartmentalized microfluidic reaction modules equipped with self-immobilizing biocatalysts would be of great utility for numerous biocatalytic and even chemo-enzymatic cascade reactions under continuous flow conditions.
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18
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Peschke T, Bitterwolf P, Gallus S, Hu Y, Oelschlaeger C, Willenbacher N, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Self‐Assembling All‐Enzyme Hydrogels for Flow Biocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Peschke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Patrick Bitterwolf
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Sabrina Gallus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Yong Hu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Claude Oelschlaeger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Gotthard-Franz-Strasse 3 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Norbert Willenbacher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics Gotthard-Franz-Strasse 3 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Germany
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19
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Peschke T, Bitterwolf P, Gallus S, Hu Y, Oelschlaeger C, Willenbacher N, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Self-Assembling All-Enzyme Hydrogels for Flow Biocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:17028-17032. [PMID: 30380178 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Continuous flow biocatalysis is an emerging field of industrial biotechnology that uses enzymes immobilized in flow channels for the production of value-added chemicals. We describe the construction of self-assembling all-enzyme hydrogels that are comprised of two tetrameric enzymes. The stereoselective dehydrogenase LbADH and the cofactor-regenerating glucose 1-dehydrogenase GDH were genetically fused with a SpyTag or SpyCatcher domain, respectively, to generate two complementary homo-tetrameric building blocks that polymerize under physiological conditions into porous hydrogels. Mounted in microfluidic reactors, the gels show excellent stereoselectivity with near quantitative conversion in the reduction of prochiral ketones along with high robustness under process and storage conditions. The gels function as compartment that retains intermediates thus enabling high total turnover numbers of the expensive cofactor NADP(H).
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Peschke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Bitterwolf
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Gallus
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yong Hu
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Claude Oelschlaeger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Gotthard-Franz-Strasse 3, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Norbert Willenbacher
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Gotthard-Franz-Strasse 3, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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20
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Peschke T, Skoupi M, Burgahn T, Gallus S, Ahmed I, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Self-Immobilizing Fusion Enzymes for Compartmentalized Biocatalysis. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Peschke
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marc Skoupi
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Teresa Burgahn
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Gallus
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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21
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Peschke T, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Orthogonale Oberflächenmarkierungen für die Ganzzellkatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Peschke
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen-1 (IBG-1); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Kersten S. Rabe
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen-1 (IBG-1); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Christof M. Niemeyer
- Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT); Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen-1 (IBG-1); Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
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22
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Peschke T, Rabe KS, Niemeyer CM. Orthogonal Surface Tags for Whole-Cell Biocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2183-2186. [PMID: 28105787 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We herein describe the engineering of E. coli strains that display orthogonal tags for immobilization on their surface and overexpress a functional heterologous "protein content" in their cytosol at the same time. Using the outer membrane protein Lpp-ompA, cell-surface display of the streptavidin-binding peptide, the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system, or a HaloTag variant allowed us to generate bacterial strains that can selectively bind to solid substrates, as demonstrated with magnetic microbeads. The simultaneous cytosolic expression of functional content was demonstrated for fluorescent proteins or stereoselective ketoreductase enzymes. The latter strains gave high selectivities for specific immobilization onto complementary surfaces and also in the whole-cell stereospecific transformation of a prochiral CS -symmetric nitrodiketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Peschke
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kersten S Rabe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christof M Niemeyer
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG 1), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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23
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Nugent TC, Spiteller P, Hussain I, Hussein HAED, Najafian FT. A Catalyst-Directed Remote Stereogenic Center Switch During the Site-Selective Aldol Desymmetrization of Cyclohexanone-Based Diketones. Adv Synth Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Nugent
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry; Jacobs University Bremen; Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | - Peter Spiteller
- Institut für Organische und Analytische Chemie; Universität Bremen; Leobener Straße NW2C 28359 Bremen Germany
| | - Ishtiaq Hussain
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry; Jacobs University Bremen; Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
| | | | - Foad Tehrani Najafian
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry; Jacobs University Bremen; Campus Ring 1 28759 Bremen Germany
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24
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Beyond Chemoselectivity: Catalytic Site-Selective Aldolization of Diketones and Exploitation for Enantioselective Alzheimer's Drug Candidate Synthesis. Chemistry 2016; 22:14342-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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