Stereoselective Preparation of Polyfunctional Alkenylindium(III) Halides and Their Cross-Coupling with Unsaturated Halides

Stereoselective synthesis of fluoroalkylated (Z)-alkene via nickel-catalyzed and iron-mediated hydrofluoroalkylation of alkynes

An efficient nickel-catalyzed, iron-mediated hydrofluoroalkylation of alkynes with bromodifluoroacetate or perfluoroalkyl iodide, which proceeded smoothly to give fluoroalkylated (Z)-alkenes with high stereocontrol (up to 99 : 1 Z/E), was developed.

Recent Progress in Utilization of Functionalized Organometallic Reagents in Cross Coupling Reactions and Nucleophilic Additions

Organometallic compounds have become increasingly important in organic synthesis because of their high chemoselectivity and excellent reactivity. Recently, a variety of organometallic reagents were found to facilitate transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and nucleophilic addition reactions. Here, we have summarized the latest progress in cross-coupling reactions and in nucleophilic addition reactions with functionalized organometallic reagents present to illustrate their application value. Due to the tremendous contribution made by the Knochel group towards the development of novel organometallic reagents, this review draws extensively from their work in this area in recent years.

Introduction

1 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cross Couplings Involving Organo­zinc Reagents

2 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cross Couplings Involving Organomagnesium Reagents

3 Transition-Metal-Free Cross Couplings Involving Zn and Mg ­Organometallic Reagents

4 Nucleophilic Additions Involving Zn and Mg Organometallic Reagents

5 Cross-Coupling Reactions or Nucleophilic Additions Involving Mn, Al-, La-, Li-, Sm- and In-Organometallics

6 Conclusion

Iron(0)-Mediated Reformatsky Reaction for the Synthesis of β-Hydroxyl Carbonyl Compounds

An efficient, economical, and practical Reformatsky reaction of α-halo carbonyl compounds with aldehydes/ketones by using cheap and commercial iron(0) powder as reaction mediator is developed. The reactions proceeded effectively in the presence of a catalytic amount of iodine (20 mol %) to afford the synthetically useful β-hydroxyl carbonyl compounds in moderate to good yields.

Metallic salt-catalyzed direct indium insertion into alkyl iodides and their applications in cross-coupling reactions

An efficient method for the synthesis of alkyl indium reagents via an indium(iii) or lead(ii) halide-catalyzed direct insertion of indium into alkyl iodides is developed. NMR and ESI-MS analyses indicated the formation of a mixture of an alkyl indium dihalide (RInX₂) and a dialkyl indium halide (R₂InX).

Triorganoindium Reagents in Rh-Catalyzed C⁻H Activation/C⁻C Cross-Coupling Reactions of 2-Arylpyridines

The activation of C–H bonds through catalytic reactions using transition metals is an important challenge in organic chemistry in which the intermediates are related to those produced in the classical cross-coupling reactions. As part of our research program devoted to the development of metal-catalyzed reactions using indium organometallics, a protocol for the C–H activation and C–C coupling of 2-arylpyridines with triorganoindium reagents under Rh(I) catalysis is reported. Under the optimized conditions, we found that Me₃In and Ar₃In reagents reacted with 2-arylpyridines and related compounds in the presence of Rh(PPh₃)₃Cl, in PhCl/THF (9:1), at 120 °C for 48 h, to afford the ortho-coupling products in moderate to good yields. The nitrogen atom in the pyridine ring acts as a directing group to assist the functionalization at the ortho position of the aryl group forming a new C–C bond at this position.

From 4-nitrotoluene and 4,4′-dinitrobibenzyl to E-4,4′-dinitrostilbene: an electrochemical approach

Oxidation of nitroarenes under electroreductive conditions: the electrochemical reduction of 4,4′-dinitrobibenzyl and 4-nitrotoluene leads to the dianion of E-4,4′-dinitrostilbene.

Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions using organoindium reagents

This review highlights the versatility and significance of transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions employing mild and unique organoindium reagents with exceptional functional group compatibility and sometimes remarkable chemo- and stereoselectivities.