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Sharma A, Kaur N, Singh N. An Encyclopedic Compendium on Chemosensing Supramolecular Metal-Organic Gels. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400258. [PMID: 38629210 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Chemosensing, an interdisciplinary scientific domain, plays a pivotal role ranging from environmental monitoring to healthcare diagnostics and (inter)national security. Metal-organic gels (MOGs) are recognized for their stability, selectivity, and responsiveness, making them valuable for chemosensing applications. Researchers have explored the development of MOGs based on different metal ions and ligands, allowing for tailored properties and sensitivities, and have even demonstrated their applications as portable sensors such as paper-based test strips for practical use. Herein, several studies related to MOGs development and their applications in the chemosensing field via UV-visible or luminance along with electrochemical approach are presented. These papers explored MOGs as versatile materials with their use in sensing bio or environmental analytes. This review provides a foundational understanding of key concepts, methodologies, and recent advancements in this field, fostering the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, 140001, Rupnagar, Panjab, India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, 160014, Chandigarh, India
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, 140001, Rupnagar, Panjab, India
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Patra SK, Mahato MK, Prasad E. Aggregation induced emission and volatile acid vapour sensing in acridine appended poly (aryl ether) based low molecular weight organogelator. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2596-2607. [PMID: 38450570 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01945d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Considerable research attention has been devoted to the development of portable and rapid fluorescence sensors that can selectively detect volatile acids, due to the harmful effects of acid vapour on the environment and human health. Although various types of fluorophores have been reported for sensing volatile acid vapours, regulation of the sensory response using aggregation induced emissive (AIE) based gelators has rarely been reported. In this study, we present the design and synthesis of a novel organogelator that is capable of sensing volatile acids through AIE. An acridine-attached poly(aryl ether) dendron molecular system is synthesized through an aldimine coupling reaction, which self-assembles and forms a gel, exhibiting AIE behavior. The synthesized molecule and prepared gel were characterized using NMR, MASS, XRD, HRSEM and rheology techniques. The AIE property of APD was investigated using steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopic techniques. The sensory response of the APD gelator was tested with various analytes, and the results indicated that APD shows rapid response, particularly to acid vapours, where the detection limits (DL) of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3) vapor were as low as 0.22, 0.9 and 0.30 ppm, respectively. An APD solid film in filter paper shows a visual color change from yellow to red in an aqueous acidic medium, and the effect is reversed in an alkaline medium. These findings suggest that an APD gelator could potentially be utilized to generate a portable acid vapor sensor kit due to its low detection limit and rapid response time, and it could be also be used as a substitute for existing acid indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanta Kumar Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai 600036, India.
| | - Malay Krishna Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai 600036, India.
| | - Edamana Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IITM), Chennai 600036, India.
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3
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Hou R, Xu C, Yan J, Xia Y, Li D. Synthesis and self-assembly properties of thiacrown-cyclized tetrathiafulvalene organogelators. J Sulphur Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2023.2175615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Hou
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Yan
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xia
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Feng Y, Liu ZX, Chen H, Fan QH. Functional supramolecular gels based on poly(benzyl ether) dendrons and dendrimers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8736-8753. [PMID: 35861166 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03040c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular gels, as a fascinating and useful class of soft materials, constructed from low-molecular-weight gelators via noncovalent interactions have attracted increasing attention in the past few decades. Dendrimers and dendrons are highly branched and monodisperse macromolecules with a well-defined three-dimensional architecture and multiple surface functionalities. In recent years, poly(benzyl ether) dendrimers and dendrons are found to be powerful candidates for constructing gel phase materials in organic or aqueous media due to the advantages of capability of forming multiple noncovalent interactions and significant steric impact. In this Feature Article, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent progress in supramolecular gels involving poly(benzyl ether) dendritic molecules. Firstly, we outline the molecular design strategies of dendritic gelators with an emphasis on the discussion of their gelating units and position in molecular structures. Subsequently, we discuss the potential applications of dendritic gels in light harvesting, stimuli responsive materials, sensors and environmental remediation. In addition, the potential challenges and future perspectives of poly(benzyl ether) dendritic gels have also been discussed. It is hoped that this feature article will attract increasing attention and provide some valuable insights for the future design and evolution of supramolecular gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Xiong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China.
| | - Qing-Hua Fan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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5
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Liu Z, Chu Q, Feng Y. Progress in Stimulus-Responsive Dendritic Gels ※. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22080363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Liu Y, Liu L, Zhu E, Yue M, Gao C, Wu X, Che G, Liu H. Gel Formed by Self-Assembly of a Urea-Modified Monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene Derivative Displays Multi-Stimuli Responsiveness and Absorption of Rhodamine B. Chempluschem 2020; 83:1109-1118. [PMID: 31950715 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A new monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene-based derivative containing a urea group was designed, synthesized and thoroughly characterized. It proved to be a non-gelator in a single solvent even when heated or sonicated. However, it could self-assemble in a CHCl3 (CH2 Cl2 )/n-hexane mixture to form a thermo-responsive supramolecular organogel. SEM, FT-IR spectroscopy, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and SAXS revealed that in the organogel system, the gelators self-assembled into supramolecular networks with a J-type aggregation mode under the joint effect of π-π stacking, intermolecular hydrogen-bonding, and van der Waals forces. Interestingly, the gel phase was shown to undergo reversible gel-sol transformation induced by Fe3+ -Vitamin C (Vc), trifluoroacetic acid-triethylamine (TFA-TEA) and picric acid (PA)-NaOH. In particular, in the presence of picric acid, the experimental results proposed that charge transfer occurred from the electron-donor gelator to the electron-acceptor picric acid due to the possibility of complex formation. Furthermore, the formed organogel could behave as the matrix for encapsulating cationic fluorescent dye from wastewater, and the adsorption efficiency was directly proportional to the concentration of the gelator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmentally Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmentally Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China
| | - Enwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmentally Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China
| | - Mingwei Yue
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Gao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxu Wu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China
| | - Guangbo Che
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmentally Friendly Materials, Jilin Normal University) Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, P. R. China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, P. R. China
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Liu Y, Liu L, Zhang L, Lv X, Che G. A monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene based naphthalimide tailored organogelator with stimuli responsive properties and absorption for rhodamine B. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Jiang X, Che G. A tetrathiafulvalene– l-glutamine conjugated derivative as a supramolecular gelator for embedded C 60 and absorbed rhodamine B. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj01816c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An l-glutamine-containing tetrathiafulvalene gelator could form charge-transfer complex gels in the presence of C60, and also the native gel exhibited excellent absorption properties for the removal of rhodamine B from aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Zhixue Liu
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping
- China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science
- CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping
- China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin Normal University
- Siping
- China
| | - Guangbo Che
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
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9
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A monolithic column based on covalent cross-linked polymer gels for online extraction and analysis of trace aflatoxins in food sample. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1548:27-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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10
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Satapathy S, Prabakaran P, Prasad E. Augmenting Photoinduced Charge Transport in a Single-Component Gel System: Controlled In Situ Gel-Crystal Transformation at Room Temperature. Chemistry 2018; 24:6217-6230. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sitakanta Satapathy
- Physical Organic Chemistry Division; Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
| | - Palani Prabakaran
- Physical Organic Chemistry Division; Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
| | - Edamana Prasad
- Physical Organic Chemistry Division; Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 India
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11
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Rajkamal, Pathak NP, Halder T, Dhara S, Yadav S. Partially Acetylated or Benzoylated Arabinose Derivatives as Structurally Simple Organogelators: Effect of the Ester Protecting Group on Gel Properties. Chemistry 2017. [PMID: 28639337 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sugar-based low-molecular-weight gelators (LMWGs) have been used for various applications for a long time. Herein, structurally simple, ester-protected arabinosides are reported as low-molecular-weight organogelators (LMOGs) that are able to gel aromatic solvents, as well as petrol and diesel. Studies on the mechanical strength of the gels, through detailed rheological experiments, indicate that gels from the 1,2-dibenzoylated arabinose gelator possess better mechanical properties than those from the 1,2-diacetylated gelator. These results are interpreted in terms of the tendency of the former to form fibers with comparatively lower diameter than those of the latter, based on detailed field-emission SEM and AFM studies. Investigations of the interactions responsible for the self-assembly of gelators through IR spectroscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering reveal that the primary interactions responsible are hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups and ester C=O, which is absent in the solid state of the gelators. In addition, π interactions present in the 1,2-dibenzoylated derivative result in a more regular arrangement, which, in turn, leads to better mechanical properties of the gels compared with those of the 1,2-diacetylated gelator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkamal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Navendu P Pathak
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Tanmoy Halder
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Shubhajit Dhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Somnath Yadav
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, Jharkhand, India
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12
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Liu Y, Jia Y, Zhu E, Liu L, Qiao Y, Che G, Yin B. Supramolecular helical nanofibers formed by an achiral monopyrrolotetrathiafulvalene derivative: water-triggered gelation and chiral evolution. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02215h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An achiral MPTTF-based gelator could form left- and right-handed supramolecular assemblies in pure DMF, whereas it turned into an opaque gel with right-handed nanofibers after adding small amounts of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Yu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Enwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Lihui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Yu Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Guangbo Che
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University)
- Ministry of Education
- Changchun
- China
- College of Chemistry
| | - Bingzhu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules
- Yanbian University
- Ministry of Education
- Yanji
- China
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Satapathy S, Prasad E. Charge Transfer Modulated Self-Assembly in Poly(aryl ether) Dendron Derivatives with Improved Stability and Transport Characteristics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26176-26189. [PMID: 27603727 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of native gelation properties of anthracene and pyrene cored first generation poly(aryl ether) dendrons, G1-An and G1-Py, by introducing a common acceptor, 2,4,7-trinitro-9H-fluoren-9-one (TNF), results in forming charge transfer gels in long chain alcoholic solvents. This strategy leads to significant perturbation of optical and electronic properties within the gel matrix. Consequently, a noticeable increase of their electrical conductivities is observed, making these poly(aryl ether) dendron based gels potential candidates for organic electronics. While the dc-conductivity (σ) value for the native gel from G1-An is 2.8 × 10-4 S m-1, the value increased 3 times (σ = 8.7 × 10-4 S m-1) for its corresponding charge transfer gel. Further, the dc-conductivity for the native gel self-assembled from G1-Py dramatically enhanced by approximately an order of magnitude from 4.9 × 10-4 to 1.3 × 10-3 S m-1, under the influence of an acceptor. Apart from H-bonding and π···π interactions, charge transfer results in the formation of a robust 3D network of fibers, with improved aspect ratio, providing high thermo-mechanical stability to the gels compared to the native ones. The charge transfer gels self-assembled from G1-An/TNF (1:1) and G1-Py/TNF exhibit a 7.3- and 2.5-fold increase in their yield stress, respectively, compared to their native assemblies. A similar trend follows in the case of their thermal stabilities. This is attributed to the typical bilayer self-assembly of the former which is not present in the case of G1-Py/TNF charge transfer gel. Density functional calculations provide deeper insights accounting for the role of charge transfer interactions in the mode of self-assembly. The 1D potential energy surface for the G1-An/TNF dimer and G1-Py/TNF dimer is found to be 11.8 and 1.9 kcal mol-1 more stable than their corresponding native gel dimers, G1-An/G1-An and G1-Py/G1-Py, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitakanta Satapathy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M) , Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Edamana Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT M) , Chennai 600 036, India
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14
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Jin L, Yin B. T-shaped monopyridazinotetrathiafulvalene-amino acid diad based chiral organogels with aggregation-induced fluorescence emission. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6373-6384. [PMID: 27418524 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01249c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of pyridazine coupled tetrathiafulvalene T-shaped derivatives with varying amino acid moieties have been synthesized and their gelation properties were studied in various organic solvents. Among these derivatives, two gelators bearing glycine or phenylalanine units display efficient gelation in aromatic and polar solvents. Interestingly, these gelators, except for the gelator containing two tryptophan units, are able to gel DMF via a solution-to-gel transformation when triggered with sonication for less than 20 s or cooled below zero. A number of experiments revealed that these gelator molecules self-assembled into elastically interpenetrating three-dimensional chiral fibrillar aggregates. Importantly, all of the resulting gels result in a dramatic enhancement of the fluorescence intensity compared with their hot solution in spite of the absence of a conventional fluorophore unit and the fluorescence was effectively quenched by the introduction of C60. Moreover, the gelators can be utilized for the removal of different types of toxic molecules, such as aromatic solvents and cationic dyes, from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- A Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Yanbian University, Ministry of Education, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P. R. China.
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15
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Poly(Aryl Ether) based Borogels: A New Class of Materials for Hosting Nanoparticles and Sensing Anions. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Datta S, Bhattacharya S. Carbon-Nanotube-Mediated Electrochemical Transition in a Redox-Active Supramolecular Hydrogel Derived from Viologen and an l-Alanine-Based Amphiphile. Chemistry 2016; 22:7524-32. [PMID: 27059107 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A two-component hydrogelator (16-A)2 -V(2+) , comprising an l-alanine-based amphiphile (16-A) and a redox-active viologen based partner (V(2+) ), is reported. The formation the hydrogel depended, not only on the acid-to-amine stoichiometric ratio, but on the choice of the l-amino acid group and also on the hydrocarbon chain length of the amphiphilic component. The redox responsive property and the electrochemical behavior of this two-component system were further examined by step-wise chemical and electrochemical reduction of the viologen nucleus (V(2+) /V(+) and V(+) /V(0) ). The half-wave reduction potentials (E1/2 ) associated with the viologen ring shifted to more negative values with increasing amine component. This indicates that higher extent of salt formation hinders reduction of the viologen moiety. Interestingly, the incorporation of single-walled carbon nanotubes in the electrochemically irreversible hydrogel (16-A)2 -V(2+) transformed it into a quasi-reversible electrochemical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougata Datta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India.,Director's Research Unit (DRU), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India. .,Director's Research Unit (DRU), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700 032, India. .,Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, 560 064, Jakkur, India.
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17
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Kumar P, Soumya S, Prasad E. Enhanced Resonance Energy Transfer and White-Light Emission from Organic Fluorophores and Lanthanides in Dendron-based Hybrid Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8068-8075. [PMID: 26954712 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we have investigated the use of poly(aryl ether) dendron-based gel as a medium for resonance energy transfer (RET) from organic donors (phenanthrene, naphthalene, and pyrene) to lanthanide [Eu(III) and Tb(III)] ions. The gel has been prepared through self-assembly of glucose-cored poly(aryl ether) dendrons in a dimethyl sulfoxide/water mixture (1:9 v/v). The efficiency of RET was calculated by metal-centered emission quantum yield measurements in the gel medium. While there was no resonance energy transfer observed between the donor-acceptor pairs in solution, efficient RET has been observed in the gel medium. The metal-centered quantum yield values were 11.9% for phenanthrene-Eu(III), 3.9% for naphthalene-Eu(III), and 3.6% for pyrene-Eu(III) systems. Partial RET in the system has been utilized to generate white-light emission from the gel by incorporating an additional lanthanide ion, Tb(III), along with the organic donors and Eu(III). The CIE (Commission Internationale d'Eclairage) coordinates obtained for gels formed by phenanthrene-Tb(III)-Eu(III) (PTE), naphthalene-Tb(III)-Eu(III) (NTE), and pyrene-Tb(III)-Eu(III) (PyTE) were (0.33, 0.32) for PTE, (0.35, 0.37) for NTE, and (0.35, 0.33) for PyTE. The correlated color temperatures (CCT) for white-light-emitting gels were calculated, and the values (5520 K for PTE, 4886 K for NTE, and 4722 K for PyTE) suggest that the system generates cool white light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India
| | - Sivalingam Soumya
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India
| | - Edamana Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 036, India
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