1
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Sinha SK, Ghosh P, Jain S, Maiti S, Al-Thabati SA, Alshehri AA, Mokhtar M, Maiti D. Transition-metal catalyzed C-H activation as a means of synthesizing complex natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7461-7503. [PMID: 37811747 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the advent of C-H activation has led to a rethink among chemists about the synthetic strategies employed for multi-step transformations. Indeed, deploying innovative and masterful tricks against the numerous classical organic transformations has been the need of the hour. Despite this, the immense importance of C-H activation remains unfulfilled unless the methodology can be deployed for large-scale industrial processes and towards the concise, step-economic synthesis of prodigious natural products and pharmaceutical drugs. Lately, the growing potential of C-H activation methodology has indeed driven the pioneers of synthetic organic chemists into finding more efficient methods to accelerate the synthesis of such complex molecular scaffolds. This review aims to draw a general overview of the various C-H activation procedures that have been adopted for synthesizing these vast majority of structurally complicated natural products. Our objective lies in drawing a complete picture and taking the readers through the synthesis of a series of such complex organic compounds by simplified techniques, making it step-economic on a larger scale and thus instigating the readers to trigger the use of such methodology and uncover new, unique patterns for future synthesis of such natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Kumar Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Pintu Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Shubhanshu Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
| | - Siddhartha Maiti
- School of Biosciences, Engineering and Technology, VIT Bhopal University, Kothrikalan, Sehore, Madhya Pradesh - 466114, India
| | - Shaeel A Al-Thabati
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmohsen Ali Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mokhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India.
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2
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Chiu KW, Tseng YH, Li YX, Chein RJ. Biomimetic Total Synthesis of Clavicipitic Acid: A DDQ-Mediated Intramolecular Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling Approach. Org Lett 2023; 25:3456-3460. [PMID: 37154475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Clavicipitic acid, a communesin alkaloid precursor, has attracted significant attention due to its unique azepino[5,4,3-cd]indole framework. Herein, we report a novel biomimetic synthesis of clavicipitic acid diastereomers by utilizing a DDQ-mediated cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction. The synthesis involves Suzuki coupling for the prenylation of a 4-bromotryptophan derivative, followed by an intramolecular CDC reaction to construct the azepinoindole core. The trans isomer was obtained as the major product, and the two diastereomers were separable. The CDC reaction conditions, including temperature, solvent, and protecting groups, were investigated, and a plausible mechanism for the observed diastereoselectivity was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Wei Chiu
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Tseng
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Jie Chein
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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3
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Martins FL, Pordea A, Jäger CM. Computationally driven design of an artificial metalloenzyme using supramolecular anchoring strategies of iridium complexes to alcohol dehydrogenase. Faraday Discuss 2022; 234:315-335. [PMID: 35156975 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00070e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) confer non-biological reactivities to biomolecules, whilst taking advantage of the biomolecular architecture in terms of their selectivity and renewable origin. In particular, the design of ArMs by the supramolecular anchoring of metal catalysts to protein hosts provides flexible and easy to optimise systems. The use of cofactor dependent enzymes as hosts gives the advantage of both a (hydrophobic) binding site for the substrate and a cofactor pocket to accommodate the catalyst. Here, we present a computationally driven design approach of ArMs for the transfer hydrogenation reaction of cyclic imines, starting from the NADP+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermoanaerobacter brockii (TbADH). We tested and developed a molecular docking workflow to define and optimize iridium catalysts with high affinity for the cofactor binding site of TbADH. The workflow uses high throughput docking of compound libraries to identify key structural motifs for high affinity, followed by higher accuracy docking methods on smaller, focused ligand and catalyst libraries. Iridium sulfonamide catalysts were selected and synthesised, containing either a triol, a furane, or a carboxylic acid to provide the interaction with the cofactor binding pocket. IC50 values of the resulting complexes during TbADH-catalysed alcohol oxidation were determined by competition experiments and were between 4.410 mM and 0.052 mM, demonstrating the affinity of the iridium complexes for either the substrate or the cofactor binding pocket of TbADH. The catalytic activity of the free iridium complexes in solution showed a maximal turnover number (TON) of 90 for the reduction of salsolidine by the triol-functionalised iridium catalyst, whilst in the presence of TbADH, only the iridium catalyst with the triol anchoring functionality showed activity for the same reaction (TON of 36 after 24 h). The observation that the artificial metalloenzymes developed here lacked stereoselectivity demonstrates the need for the further investigation and optimisation of the ArM. Our results serve as a starting point for the design of robust artificial metalloenzymes, exploiting supramolecular anchoring to natural NAD(P)H binding pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane L Martins
- Sustainable Process Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Anca Pordea
- Sustainable Process Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Christof M Jäger
- Sustainable Process Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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4
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Tan DX, Han FS. The application of C–H bond functionalization in the total syntheses of indole natural products. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in total synthesis of indole natural products focusing on the application of C–H bond functionalization are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Xing Tan
- CAS Key Lab of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
| | - Fu-She Han
- CAS Key Lab of High-Performance Synthetic Rubber and its Composite Materials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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5
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Biosynthesis, total synthesis, and biological profiles of Ergot alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS: CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2021; 85:1-112. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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6
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He Y, Song L, Liu C, Wu D, Li Z, Van Meervelt L, Van der Eycken EV. Access to Polycyclic Azepino[5,4,3- cd]indoles via a Gold-Catalyzed Post-Ugi Dearomatization Cascade. J Org Chem 2020; 85:15092-15103. [PMID: 33200934 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of a rapid and diverse access to complex natural product-like 3,4-fused indole scaffolds has always attracted considerable attention from synthetic and medicinal communities. We herein disclose a modular and straightforward protocol to prepare the densely substituted polycyclic azepino[5,4,3-cd]indole scaffolds. This synthetic process involves an Ugi four-component reaction from easily available starting materials and a gold-catalyzed post-Ugi domino dearomatization/Michael addition sequence, enabling facile access to the highly functionalized azepino[5,4,3-cd]indole core with excellent chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Liangliang Song
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chao Liu
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Danjun Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, 310014 Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghua Li
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biomolecular Architecture, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Cheng C, Zuo X, Tu D, Wan B, Zhang Y. Synthesis of 3,4-Fused Tricyclic Indoles through Cascade Carbopalladation and C-H Amination: Development and Total Synthesis of Rucaparib. Org Lett 2020; 22:4985-4989. [PMID: 32610935 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3,4-Fused tricyclic indole scaffolds are ubiquitous in bioactive natural products and pharmaceuticals. A new protocol for the synthesis of 3,4-fused tricyclic indoles has been developed through cascade carbopalladation and C-H amination with N,N-di-tert-butyldiaziridinone. The protocol allows access to a range of 3,4-fused tricyclic indoles, including those containing various linkers and fused with medium-sized rings. Rucaparib can be synthesized via this reaction, providing an advantageous synthetic method for the FDA-approved cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cang Cheng
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang Zuo
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Dongdong Tu
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bin Wan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanghui Zhang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, Tongji University 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
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8
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Iridium-Catalyzed Undirected Homogeneous C–H Borylation Reaction. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Kanyiva KS, Tane M, Shibata T. Iodine-Catalyzed Synthesis of Chiral 4-Imidazolidinones Using α-Amino Acid Derivatives via Dehydrogenative N–H/C(sp3)–H Coupling. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12773-12783. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyalo Stephen Kanyiva
- Global Center of Science and Engineering, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Marina Tane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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10
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Bartoccini F, Venturi S, Retini M, Mari M, Piersanti G. Total Synthesis of (−)-Clavicipitic Acid via γ,γ-Dimethylallyltryptophan (DMAT) and Chemoselective C–H Hydroxylation. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8027-8034. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Silvia Venturi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Michele Retini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Michele Mari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, PU, Italy
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11
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Clement HA, Hall DG. Synthesis of α-hydroxyalkyl dehydroazepanes via catalytic enantioselective borylative migration of an enol nonaflate. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Nemoto T, Harada S, Nakajima M. Synthetic Methods for 3,4-Fused Tricyclic Indoles via Indole Ring Formation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; I1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8675 Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research Center; Chiba University; 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shingo Harada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; I1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Masaya Nakajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Chiba University; I1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8675 Japan
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13
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Nemoto T. Synthesis of 3,4‐Fused Tricyclic Indoles Using 3‐Alkylidene Indolines as Versatile Precursors. CHEM REC 2018; 19:320-332. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiro Nemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8675 Japan
- Molecular Chirality Research CenterChiba University 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-8522 Japan
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14
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Peneau A, Guillou C, Chabaud L. Recent Advances in [Cp*MIII
] (M = Co, Rh, Ir)-Catalyzed Intramolecular Annulation Through C-H Activation. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Peneau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301; Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Catherine Guillou
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301; Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Laurent Chabaud
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301; Univ Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay; 1 av. de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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15
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Kanyiva KS, Horiuchi M, Shibata T. Metal-Free N-H/C-H Coupling for Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Dihydroquinoxalinones from Readily Available α-Amino Acids. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyalo Stephen Kanyiva
- Global Center for Science and Engineering; School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Shinjuku 8555 Tokyo 169- Japan
| | - Masashi Horiuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Shinjuku 8555 Tokyo 169- Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Shinjuku 8555 Tokyo 169- Japan
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16
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Kanyiva KS, Makino S, Shibata T. Silver-Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of Oxindoles and Pyrroloindolines via α-Aminoalkylation of N
-Arylacrylamides with Amino Acid Derivatives. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:496-499. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyalo Stephen Kanyiva
- Global Center for Science and Engineering, School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Sohei Makino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University; Shinjuku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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18
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Abstract
An overview of the highlights in total synthesis of natural products using iridium as a catalyst is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- North University of China
- Taiyuan 030051
- PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- PR China
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19
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Liu H, Jia Y. Ergot alkaloids: synthetic approaches to lysergic acid and clavine alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:411-432. [PMID: 28300233 DOI: 10.1039/c6np00110f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2017Ergot alkaloids are among the most important pharmaceuticals and natural toxins. Significant progress has been achieved in recent years on the research of ergot alkaloids. In this review, we re-introduced the history of ergot alkaloids. Meanwhile, we summarized all the natural products and semi-synthetic derivatives of ergot alkaloids. We also briefly described the biosynthesis and semi-synthesis of ergot alkaloid drugs from raw materials obtained by fermentation. Moreover, we reviewed the advances that have been made in the total synthesis of ergot alkaloids since 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yanxing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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20
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Abe T, Yamada K. Concise Syntheses of Hyrtioreticulins C and D via a C-4 Pictet-Spengler Reaction: Revised Signs of Specific Rotations. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:241-245. [PMID: 28134528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The first syntheses of hyrtioreticulins C and D via a Pictet-Spengler reaction at the C-4 position of the indole rings are described. The synthesis proceeds in only two steps from commercially available starting materials. In this Communication, the structures of the natural products were confirmed. Furthermore, we revise the signs of the specific rotations of hyrtioreticulins C and D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Abe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido , Ishikari-tobetsu, Hokkaido 0610293, Japan
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21
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Hummel JR, Boerth JA, Ellman JA. Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Bond Addition to Carbonyls, Imines, and Related Polarized π Bonds. Chem Rev 2016; 117:9163-9227. [PMID: 27936637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The transition-metal-catalyzed addition of C-H bonds to carbonyls, imines, and related polarized π bonds has emerged as a particularly efficient and powerful approach for the construction of an incredibly diverse array of heteroatom-substituted products. Readily available and stable inputs are typically employed, and reactions often proceed with very high functional group compatibility and without the production of waste byproducts. Additionally, many transition-metal-catalyzed C-H bond additions to polarized π bonds occur within cascade reaction sequences to provide rapid access to a diverse array of different heterocyclic as well as carbocyclic products. This review highlights the diversity of transformations that have been achieved, catalysts that have been used, and types of products that have been prepared through the transition-metal-catalyzed addition of C-H bonds to carbonyls, imines, and related polarized π bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Hummel
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Boerth
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jonathan A Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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22
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23
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24
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McCabe SR, Wipf P. Total synthesis, biosynthesis and biological profiles of clavine alkaloids. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5894-913. [PMID: 27215547 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00878j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights noteworthy synthetic and biological aspects of the clavine subfamily of ergot alkaloids. Recent biosynthetic insights have laid the groundwork for a better understanding of the diverse biological pathways leading to these indole derivatives. Ergot alkaloids were among the first fungal-derived natural products identified, inspiring pharmaceutical applications in CNS disorders, migraine, infective diseases, and cancer. Pergolide, for example, is a semi-synthetic clavine alkaloid that has been used to treat Parkinson's disease. Synthetic activities have been particularly valuable to facilitate access to rare members of the Clavine family and empower medicinal chemistry research. Improved molecular target identification tools and a better understanding of signaling pathways can now be deployed to further extend the biological and medical utility of Clavine alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R McCabe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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25
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Ito M, Tahara YK, Shibata T. Strategies for the Total Synthesis of Clavicipitic Acid. Chemistry 2016; 22:5468-77. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Ito
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University, Shinjuku; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Yu-ki Tahara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University, Shinjuku; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Takanori Shibata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University, Shinjuku; Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
- ACT-C (Japan) Science and Technology Agency (JST); 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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26
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Meyer AG, Smith JA, Hyland C, Williams CC, Bissember AC, Nicholls TP. Seven-Membered Rings. PROGRESS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-100755-6.00016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Tao P, Chen Z, Jia Y. A concise gram-scale synthesis of ht-13-A via a rhodium-catalyzed intramolecular C–H activation reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11300-11303. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The enantioselective total synthesis of the 3,4-fused indole alkaloid ht-13-A has been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Zhuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
| | - Yanxing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
- China
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Tahara YK, Michino M, Ito M, Kanyiva KS, Shibata T. Enantioselective sp(3) C-H alkylation of γ-butyrolactam by a chiral Ir(I) catalyst for the synthesis of 4-substituted γ-amino acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16660-3. [PMID: 26426546 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07102j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Ir-catalyzed sp(3) C-H alkylation of γ-butyrolactam with alkenes was used for the highly enantioselective synthesis of 5-substituted γ-lactams, which were readily converted into chiral 4-substituted γ-amino acids. A broad scope of alkenes was amenable as coupling partners, and the alkylated product using acrylate could be transformed into the key intermediate of pyrrolam A synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-ki Tahara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
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