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Tian R, Li K, Lin Y, Lu C, Duan X. Characterization Techniques of Polymer Aging: From Beginning to End. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3007-3088. [PMID: 36802560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymers have been widely applied in various fields in the daily routines and the manufacturing. Despite the awareness of the aggressive and inevitable aging for the polymers, it still remains a challenge to choose an appropriate characterization strategy for evaluating the aging behaviors. The difficulties lie in the fact that the polymer features from the different aging stages require different characterization methods. In this review, we present an overview of the characterization strategies preferable for the initial, accelerated, and late stages during polymer aging. The optimum strategies have been discussed to characterize the generation of radicals, variation of functional groups, substantial chain scission, formation of low-molecular products, and deterioration in the polymers' macro-performances. In view of the advantages and the limitations of these characterization techniques, their utilization in a strategic approach is considered. In addition, we highlight the structure-property relationship for the aged polymers and provide available guidance for lifetime prediction. This review could allow the readers to be knowledgeable of the features for the polymers in the different aging stages and provide access to choose the optimum characterization techniques. We believe that this review will attract the communities dedicated to materials science and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kaitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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2
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Tretyakov EV, Ovcharenko VI, Terent'ev AO, Krylov IB, Magdesieva TV, Mazhukin DG, Gritsan NP. Conjugated nitroxide radicals. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Kielty P, Chalmers BA, Farràs P, Smith DA, Aldabbagh F. Visible Light Activated Benzimidazolequinone Alkoxyamines of 1,1,3,3‐Tetramethylisoindolin‐2‐yloxyl (TMIO). European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kielty
- School of Chemistry National University of Ireland Galway University Road Galway H91 TK33 Ireland
| | - Benjamin A. Chalmers
- School of Chemistry National University of Ireland Galway University Road Galway H91 TK33 Ireland
| | - Pau Farràs
- School of Chemistry National University of Ireland Galway University Road Galway H91 TK33 Ireland
| | - Dennis A. Smith
- School of Chemistry National University of Ireland Galway University Road Galway H91 TK33 Ireland
| | - Fawaz Aldabbagh
- School of Chemistry National University of Ireland Galway University Road Galway H91 TK33 Ireland
- Department of Pharmacy School of Life Sciences Pharmacy and Chemistry Kingston University Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE UK
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4
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Yokoi T, Murata K, Ishii K. Photochemistry of phthalocyanine based on spin angular momenta: a kinetic study of fluorescent probes for ascorbic acid. PURE APPL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ascorbic acid, i.e., vitamin C, is a well-known essential nutrient, and has attracted considerable attention as a new candidate for cancer therapy. Previously, R2c consisting of silicon tetra-tert-butylphthalocyanine (SiPc) and two 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radicals has been encapsulated into the hydrophobic cavity of dimeric bovine serum albumin (BSA), i.e., R2c@(BSA)2, and the system was found to behave as a highly sensitive and selective fluorescent probe for detecting ascorbic acid not only in aqueous solutions but also in vivo. In this study, kinetics of the reaction of R2c@(BSA)2 with ascorbic acid have been studied based on the temporal evolution of fluorescence. Global fitting of the concentration dependence using the Runge-Kutta method revealed the existence of stepwise two proton-coupled electron transfer processes. The rate constants for the reactions with ascorbic acid (k
AA
) and ascorbate radical (k
AR
) were 3 × 10 and 1 × 105 min−1 M−1, respectively, suggesting that the reaction with ascorbate radical was much faster than that with ascorbic acid. These results were further corroborated by theoretical calculations of the Gibbs free energy differences and by spin statistical factors. The analysis presented herein will aid in understanding the two proton-coupled electron transfer processes in the reaction with ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Yokoi
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku , Tokyo , 153-8505 , Japan
| | - Kei Murata
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku , Tokyo , 153-8505 , Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishii
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku , Tokyo , 153-8505 , Japan
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5
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Lussini VC, Blinco JP, Fairfull-Smith KE, Bottle SE, Colwell JM. Profluorescent nitroxide sensors for monitoring the natural aging of polymer materials. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Sato S, Sugawara K, Konno H, Ito T. Synthesis and Evaluation of β-Galactosidase-Targeting Spin-Label Probe: 5-O-β-D-Galactosyl-5-hydroxy-1,1,3,3-tetramethylisoindoline-2-oxyl. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-14317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Bognár B, Úr G, Sár C, Hankovszky OH, Hideg K, Kálai T. Synthesis and Application of Stable Nitroxide Free Radicals Fused with Carbocycles and Heterocycles. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666190318163321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Stable nitroxide free radicals have traditionally been associated with 2,2,6,6-
tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) or its 4-substituted derivatives as relatively inexpensive
and readily accessible compounds with limited possibilities for further chemical
modification. Over the past two decades, there has been a resurgence of interest in stable
free radicals with proper functionalization tuned for various applications. The objective of
this review is to present recent results with synthetic methodologies to achieve stable nitroxide
free radicals fused with aromatic carbocycles and heterocycles. There are two
main approaches for accessing stable nitroxide free radicals fused with arenes, e.g., isoindoline-
like nitroxides: further functionalization and oxidation of phthalimide or inventive
functionalization of pyrroline nitroxide key compounds. The latter also offers the constructions
of versatile heterocyclic scaffolds (furan, pyrrole, thiophene, 1,2-thiazole, selenophene, pyrazole,
pyrimidine, pyridine, pyridazine, 1,5-benzothiazepine) that are fused with pyrroline or tetrahydropyridine nitroxide
rings. The possible applications of these new stable nitroxide free radicals, such as covalent spin labels
and noncovalent spin probes of proteins and nucleic acids, profluorescent probes, building blocks for construction
of dual active drugs and electroactive materials, and substances for controlled free radical polymerization,
are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Bognár
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti st. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Úr
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti st. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Cecília Sár
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti st. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Olga H. Hankovszky
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti st. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Kálmán Hideg
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti st. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kálai
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pecs, Szigeti st. 12, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
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8
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Verderosa AD, Dhouib R, Fairfull-Smith KE, Totsika M. Profluorescent Fluoroquinolone-Nitroxides for Investigating Antibiotic⁻Bacterial Interactions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8010019. [PMID: 30836686 PMCID: PMC6466543 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are widely used for imaging and measuring dynamic processes in living cells. Fluorescent antibiotics are valuable tools for examining antibiotic⁻bacterial interactions, antimicrobial resistance and elucidating antibiotic modes of action. Profluorescent nitroxides are 'switch on' fluorescent probes used to visualize and monitor intracellular free radical and redox processes in biological systems. Here, we have combined the inherent fluorescent and antimicrobial properties of the fluoroquinolone core structure with the fluorescence suppression capabilities of a nitroxide to produce the first example of a profluorescent fluoroquinolone-nitroxide probe. Fluoroquinolone-nitroxide (FN) 14 exhibited significant suppression of fluorescence (>36-fold), which could be restored via radical trapping (fluoroquinolone-methoxyamine 17) or reduction to the corresponding hydroxylamine 20. Importantly, FN 14 was able to enter both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells, emitted a measurable fluorescence signal upon cell entry (switch on), and retained antibacterial activity. In conclusion, profluorescent nitroxide antibiotics offer a new powerful tool for visualizing antibiotic⁻bacterial interactions and researching intracellular chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Verderosa
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Rabeb Dhouib
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Kathryn E Fairfull-Smith
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Makrina Totsika
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
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9
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Coman AG, Stavarache C, Paun A, Popescu CC, Hădade ND, Ionita P, Matache M. A novel profluorescent paramagnetic diaza-crown ether: synthesis, characterization and alkaline metal-ion complexation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:6078-6083. [PMID: 35517289 PMCID: PMC9060903 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09828j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Starting from Kryptofix 22 two different branches were covalently attached through the nitrogen atoms, one containing a fluorescent moiety and the other the stable free radical TEMPO. The novel derivative exhibits fluorescence and paramagnetic properties, while the diaza-crown part ensures the affinity for alkaline metal-ions. Starting from Kryptofix 22 two different branches were covalently attached through the nitrogen atoms, one containing a fluorescent moiety and the other the stable free radical TEMPO.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca G Coman
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Research Centre of Applied Organic Chemistry 90-92 Panduri Street RO-050663 Bucharest Romania
| | - Cristina Stavarache
- Institute of Organic Chemistry "C.D. Nenitescu" of the Romanian Academy 202B Spl. Independentei 060023 Bucharest Romania
| | - Anca Paun
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Research Centre of Applied Organic Chemistry 90-92 Panduri Street RO-050663 Bucharest Romania
| | - Codruţa C Popescu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Research Centre of Applied Organic Chemistry 90-92 Panduri Street RO-050663 Bucharest Romania
| | - Niculina D Hădade
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre, "Babes-Bolyai" University 11 Arany Janos Str. RO-400028-Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Petre Ionita
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Research Centre of Applied Organic Chemistry 90-92 Panduri Street RO-050663 Bucharest Romania .,Institute of Physical Chemistry "Ilie Murgulescu" 202 Splaiul Independentei Bucharest Romania
| | - Mihaela Matache
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Research Centre of Applied Organic Chemistry 90-92 Panduri Street RO-050663 Bucharest Romania
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10
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Coiai S, Passaglia E, Cicogna F. Post-polymerization modification by nitroxide radical coupling. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Coiai
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Pisa Italy
| | - Elisa Passaglia
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Pisa Italy
| | - Francesca Cicogna
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM); Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Pisa Italy
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11
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Eing M, Tuten BT, Blinco JP, Barner‐Kowollik C. Visible Light Activation of Spin‐Silenced Fluorescence. Chemistry 2018; 24:12246-12249. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Eing
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut fur Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Bryan T. Tuten
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
| | - James P. Blinco
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut fur Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering Queensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures Institut fur Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
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12
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In vivo fluorescence bioimaging of ascorbic acid in mice: Development of an efficient probe consisting of phthalocyanine, TEMPO, and albumin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1560. [PMID: 29367703 PMCID: PMC5784034 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
After a groundbreaking study demonstrated that a high dose of ascorbic acid selectively kills cancer cells, the compound has been tested in the clinic against various forms of cancers, with some success. However, in vivo tracing of intravenously injected ascorbic acid has not been achieved. Herein, we successfully imaged ascorbic acid intravenously injected into mice based on the discovery of a novel, highly sensitive, and appropriately selective fluorescent probe consisting of silicon phthalocyanine (SiPc) and two 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) radicals, i.e., R2c. The radicals in this R2c were encapsulated in dimeric bovine serum albumin, and the sensitivity was >100-fold higher than those of other R2c-based probes. Ascorbic acid intravenously injected into mice was efficiently transported to the liver, heart, lung, and cholecyst. The present results provide opportunities to advance the use of ascorbic acid as cancer therapy.
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13
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Hansen KA, Blinco JP. Nitroxide radical polymers – a versatile material class for high-tech applications. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py02001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive summary of synthetic strategies for the preparation of nitroxide radical polymer materials and a state-of-the-art perspective on their latest and most exciting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Anders Hansen
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - James P. Blinco
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology
- Brisbane
- Australia
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14
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Lang C, Barner L, Blinco JP, Barner-Kowollik C, Fairfull-Smith KE. Direct access to biocompatible nitroxide containing polymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00089a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ring-opening copolymerization of a nitroxide containing cyclic carbonate and d/l-lactide was used to directly access well-defined biocompatible polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Lang
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Leonie Barner
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - James P. Blinco
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Kathryn E. Fairfull-Smith
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
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15
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Hansen KA, Fairfull-Smith KE, Bottle SE, Blinco JP. Development of a Redox-Responsive Polymeric Profluorescent Probe. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Anders Hansen
- School of Chemistry; Physics and Mechanical Engineering; Science and Engineering Faculty; Queensland University of Technology; Queensland 4001 Australia
| | - Kathryn E. Fairfull-Smith
- School of Chemistry; Physics and Mechanical Engineering; Science and Engineering Faculty; Queensland University of Technology; Queensland 4001 Australia
| | - Steven E. Bottle
- School of Chemistry; Physics and Mechanical Engineering; Science and Engineering Faculty; Queensland University of Technology; Queensland 4001 Australia
| | - James P. Blinco
- School of Chemistry; Physics and Mechanical Engineering; Science and Engineering Faculty; Queensland University of Technology; Queensland 4001 Australia
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