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Bhowmik PK, Al-Karawi MKM, Killarney ST, Dizon EJ, Chang A, Kim J, Chen SL, Principe RCG, Ho A, Han H, Mandal HD, Cortez RG, Gutierrez B, Mendez K, Sharpnack L, Agra-Kooijman DM, Fisch MR, Kumar S. Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline and Light-Emitting Properties of Bis(4-aalkoxyphenyl) Viologen Bis(triflimide) Salts. Molecules 2020; 25:E2435. [PMID: 32456122 PMCID: PMC7288076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of bis(4-alkoxyphenyl) viologen bis(triflimide) salts with alkoxy chains of different lengths were synthesized by the metathesis reaction of respective bis(4-alkoxyphenyl) viologen dichloride salts, which were in turn prepared from the reaction of Zincke salt with the corresponding 4-n-alkoxyanilines, with lithium triflimide in methanol. Their chemical structures were characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and elemental analysis. Their thermotropic liquid-crystalline (LC) properties were examined by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, and variable temperature X-ray diffraction. Salts with short length alkoxy chains had crystal-to-liquid transitions. Salts of intermediate length alkoxy chains showed both crystal-to-smectic A (SmA) transitions, Tms, and SmA-to-isotropic transitions, Tis. Those with longer length of alkoxy chains had relatively low Tms at which they formed the SmA phases that persisted up to the decomposition at high temperatures. As expected, all of them had excellent thermal stabilities in the temperature range of 330-370 °C. Their light-emitting properties in methanol were also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip K. Bhowmik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA; (M.K.M.A.-K.); (S.T.K.); (E.J.D.); (A.C.); (J.K.); (S.L.C.); (R.C.G.P.); (A.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Muhammed Kareem M. Al-Karawi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA; (M.K.M.A.-K.); (S.T.K.); (E.J.D.); (A.C.); (J.K.); (S.L.C.); (R.C.G.P.); (A.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Shane T. Killarney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA; (M.K.M.A.-K.); (S.T.K.); (E.J.D.); (A.C.); (J.K.); (S.L.C.); (R.C.G.P.); (A.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Erenz J. Dizon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA; (M.K.M.A.-K.); (S.T.K.); (E.J.D.); (A.C.); (J.K.); (S.L.C.); (R.C.G.P.); (A.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA; (M.K.M.A.-K.); (S.T.K.); (E.J.D.); (A.C.); (J.K.); (S.L.C.); (R.C.G.P.); (A.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Jongin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA; (M.K.M.A.-K.); (S.T.K.); (E.J.D.); (A.C.); (J.K.); (S.L.C.); (R.C.G.P.); (A.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Si L. Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA; (M.K.M.A.-K.); (S.T.K.); (E.J.D.); (A.C.); (J.K.); (S.L.C.); (R.C.G.P.); (A.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Ronald Carlo G. Principe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA; (M.K.M.A.-K.); (S.T.K.); (E.J.D.); (A.C.); (J.K.); (S.L.C.); (R.C.G.P.); (A.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Andy Ho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA; (M.K.M.A.-K.); (S.T.K.); (E.J.D.); (A.C.); (J.K.); (S.L.C.); (R.C.G.P.); (A.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Haesook Han
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA; (M.K.M.A.-K.); (S.T.K.); (E.J.D.); (A.C.); (J.K.); (S.L.C.); (R.C.G.P.); (A.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Hari D. Mandal
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A & M International University, 5201 University Blvd., Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (H.D.M.); (R.G.C.); (B.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Raymond G. Cortez
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A & M International University, 5201 University Blvd., Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (H.D.M.); (R.G.C.); (B.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Bryan Gutierrez
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A & M International University, 5201 University Blvd., Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (H.D.M.); (R.G.C.); (B.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Klarissa Mendez
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Texas A & M International University, 5201 University Blvd., Laredo, TX 78041, USA; (H.D.M.); (R.G.C.); (B.G.); (K.M.)
| | - Lewis Sharpnack
- Department of Earth Science, 1006 Webb Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA;
| | - Deña M. Agra-Kooijman
- Advanced Materials and Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA;
| | - Michael R. Fisch
- College of Aeronautics and Engineering, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA;
| | - Satyendra Kumar
- Division of Research, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA;
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Golesorkhi B, Guénée L, Nozary H, Fürstenberg A, Suffren Y, Eliseeva SV, Petoud S, Hauser A, Piguet C. Thermodynamic Programming of Erbium(III) Coordination Complexes for Dual Visible/Near-Infrared Luminescence. Chemistry 2018; 24:13158-13169. [PMID: 30016559 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Intrigued by the unexpected room-temperature dual visible/near-infrared (NIR) luminescence observed for fast-relaxing erbium complexes embedded in triple-stranded helicates, in this contribution, we explore a series of six tridentate N-donor receptors L4-L9 with variable aromaticities and alkyl substituents to extricate the stereoelectronic features responsible for such scarce optical signatures. Detailed solid-state (X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, optical spectroscopy) and solution (speciations and thermodynamic stabilities, spectrophotometry, NMR and optical spectroscopy) studies of mononuclear unsaturated [Er(Lk)2 ]3+ and saturated triple-helical [Er(Lk)3 ]3+ model complexes reveal that the stereoelectronic changes induced by the organic ligands affect inter- and intramolecular interactions to such an extent that 1) melting temperatures in solids, 2) the affinity for trivalent erbium in solution, and 3) optical properties in luminescent complexes can be rationally varied and controlled. With this toolkit in hand, mononuclear erbium complexes with low stabilities displaying only NIR emission can be transformed into molecular-based dual Er-centered visible/NIR emitters operating at room temperature in both solid and solution states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Golesorkhi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Laure Guénée
- Laboratory of Crystallography, University of Geneva, 24 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Homayoun Nozary
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Fürstenberg
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Yan Suffren
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Current address: Université Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR "Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes", F-35708, Rennes, France
| | - Svetlana V Eliseeva
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, F-45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Stéphane Petoud
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, F-45071, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Andreas Hauser
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Claude Piguet
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, CH-1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Baudet K, Guerra S, Piguet C. Chemical Potential of the Solvent: A Crucial Player for Rationalizing Host-Guest Affinities. Chemistry 2017; 23:16787-16798. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karine Baudet
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Applied Chemistry; University of Geneva; 30 quai E. Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Sebastiano Guerra
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Applied Chemistry; University of Geneva; 30 quai E. Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
| | - Claude Piguet
- Department of Inorganic, Analytical and Applied Chemistry; University of Geneva; 30 quai E. Ansermet 1211 Geneva 4 Switzerland
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Guerra S, Dutronc T, Terazzi E, Buchwalder KL, Guénée L, Deschenaux R, Eliseeva SV, Petoud S, Piguet C. Taking a last look at lanthanidomesogens? The use of basic thermodynamics for programming the temperature domains of existence of luminescent liquid crystals. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Nelyubina YV, Shaplov AS, Lozinskaya EI, Buzin MI, Vygodskii YS. A New Volume-Based Approach for Predicting Thermophysical Behavior of Ionic Liquids and Ionic Liquid Crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:10076-9. [PMID: 27479022 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Volume-based prediction of melting points and other properties of ionic liquids (ILs) relies on empirical relations with volumes of ions in these low-melting organic salts. Here we report an accurate way to ionic volumes by Bader's partitioning of electron densities from X-ray diffraction obtained via a simple database approach. For a series of 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium salts, the volumes of different anions are found to correlate linearly with melting points; larger anions giving lower-melting ILs. The volume-based concept is transferred to ionic liquid crystals (ILs that adopt liquid crystalline mesophases, ILCs) for predicting the domain of their existence from the knowledge of their constituents. For 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ILCs, linear correlations of ionic volumes with the occurrence of LC mesophase and its stability are revealed, thus paving the way to rational design of ILCs by combining suitably sized ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Nelyubina
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds , Vavilova Str., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shaplov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds , Vavilova Str., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elena I Lozinskaya
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds , Vavilova Str., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Mikhail I Buzin
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds , Vavilova Str., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Yakov S Vygodskii
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds , Vavilova Str., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Guerra S, Dutronc T, Terazzi E, Guénée L, Piguet C. A quantitative assessment of chemical perturbations in thermotropic cyanobiphenyls. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:14479-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01058j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cohesion Gibbs free energy densities (CFEDs) measured in cyanobiphenyl-containing liquid crystals transform chemical perturbations into pressure increments, which can be analyzed within the frame of standardP–Tdiagrams using the Clapeyron equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Guerra
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Thibault Dutronc
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Terazzi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Laure Guénée
- Laboratory of Crystallography
- University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
| | - Claude Piguet
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Geneva
- CH-1211 Geneva 4
- Switzerland
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