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Rodríguez H, Cruz DA, Padrón JI, Fernández I. Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Carbonyl-Ene Reaction: Interplay between Aromaticity, Synchronicity, and Pauli Repulsion. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11102-11110. [PMID: 37485981 PMCID: PMC10407925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The physical factors governing the catalysis in Lewis acid-promoted carbonyl-ene reactions have been explored in detail quantum chemically. It is found that the binding of a Lewis acid to the carbonyl group directly involved in the transformation greatly accelerates the reaction by decreasing the corresponding activation barrier up to 25 kcal/mol. The Lewis acid makes the process much more asynchronous and the corresponding transition state less in-plane aromatic. The remarkable acceleration induced by the catalyst is ascribed, by means of the activation strain model and the energy decomposition analysis methods, mainly to a significant reduction of the Pauli repulsion between the key occupied π-molecular orbitals of the reactants and not to the widely accepted stabilization of the LUMO of the enophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humberto
A. Rodríguez
- Instituto
de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco
Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel A. Cruz
- Instituto
de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco
Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Juan I. Padrón
- Instituto
de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco
Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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2
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Singha T, Rouf Samim Mondal A, Midya S, Prasad Hari D. The Dowd–Beckwith Reaction: History, Strategies, and Synthetic Potential. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202025. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Singha
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Scienece Bangalore 560012 India
| | | | - Suparnak Midya
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Scienece Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Durga Prasad Hari
- Department of Organic Chemistry Indian Institute of Scienece Bangalore 560012 India
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3
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Johnson JD, Teeples CR, Akkawi NR, Wilkerson-Hill SM. Efficient Synthesis of Orphaned Cyclopropanes Using Sulfones as Carbene Equivalents. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14471-14476. [PMID: 35939335 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules containing 1,1-dimethylcyclopropanes are prevalent throughout nature but are difficult to synthesize using state-of-the-art metal-catalyzed carbene transfer methods without competing 1,2-hydride shifts. Herein, we introduce a mechanistically distinct platform to transfer 1,1-dialkylcarbene units to olefins using carbometalation reactions of dialkyl sulfonyl anions. In the presence of NaNH2 or n-BuLi in ethereal solvents, dialkyl sulfones react with styrenes and arylbutadienes between 23 and 70 °C to produce the corresponding 1,1-dialkylcyclopropanes. We report 40 examples of this reactivity including 16 different styrenes (up to 89% isolated yield), 9 arylbutadienes (51-88% yield), and 13 different sulfones (46-80% yield). In addition, we report an example of a sequential cyclopropanation reaction using this method. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest a stepwise anionic process that is initiated by the direct addition of sulfonyl anions to a carbon-carbon double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Douglas Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Charles Reece Teeples
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Nicholas Rajai Akkawi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Sidney M Wilkerson-Hill
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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4
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Péter Á, Agasti S, Knowles O, Pye E, Procter DJ. Recent advances in the chemistry of ketyl radicals. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5349-5365. [PMID: 33972956 PMCID: PMC8111543 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ketyl radicals are valuable reactive intermediates for synthesis and are used extensively to construct complex, functionalized products from carbonyl substrates. Single electron transfer (SET) reduction of the C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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O bond of aldehydes and ketones is the classical approach for the formation of ketyl radicals and metal reductants are the archetypal reagents employed. The past decade has, however, witnessed significant advances in the generation and harnessing of ketyl radicals. This tutorial review highlights recent, exciting developments in the chemistry of ketyl radicals by comparing the varied contemporary – for example, using photoredox catalysts – and more classical approaches for the generation and use of ketyl radicals. The review will focus on different strategies for ketyl radical generation, their creative use in new synthetic protocols, strategies for the control of enantioselectivity, and detailed mechanisms where appropriate. Ketyl radicals are valuable reactive intermediates for synthesis. This review highlights exciting recent developments in the chemistry of ketyl radicals by comparing contemporary and more classical approaches for their generation and use.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Áron Péter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.
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Komine K, Lambert KM, Savage QR, Cox JB, Wood JL. Synthetic studies toward longeracemine: a SmI 2-mediated spirocyclization and rearrangement cascade to construct the 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane framework. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9488-9493. [PMID: 34094215 PMCID: PMC8162136 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03422c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Longeracemine, a member of the Daphniphyllum family of alkaloids contains a novel carbon framework featuring a highly functionalized 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane core as part of an overall 5/6/5/5/6/5 skeleton. A synthetic intermediate containing the core of longeracemine has been efficiently prepared by employing a stereoselective SmI2-mediated cascade reaction to advance a 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene to a 2-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptene that is functionally poised for conversion to the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Komine
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University One Bear Place 97348 Waco TX 76798 USA
| | - Kyle M. Lambert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor UniversityOne Bear Place 97348WacoTX 76798USA
| | - Quentin R. Savage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor UniversityOne Bear Place 97348WacoTX 76798USA
| | - Joshua B. Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor UniversityOne Bear Place 97348WacoTX 76798USA
| | - John L. Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor UniversityOne Bear Place 97348WacoTX 76798USA
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Xuan J, Zhu A, Ma B, Ding H. Diastereoselective Synthesis of the Hydroperoxide-Keto Form of (±)-Steenkrotin B. Org Lett 2018; 20:4153-4156. [PMID: 29947520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A diastereoselective approach for the synthesis of the hydroperoxide-keto form of (±)-steenkrotin B (2') is described. The key features of the strategy involve a Diels-Alder cycloaddition, a titanium(III)-catalyzed reductive annulation, and a regio- and diastereoselective hydroperoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xuan
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P. R. China
| | - An Zhu
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P. R. China
| | - Binjie Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P. R. China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310058 , P. R. China
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Yin L, Zhang D, Xing J, Wang Y, Wu C, Lu T, Chen Y, Hayashi T, Dou X. Access to Chiral HWE Reagents by Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Arylation of γ,δ-Unsaturated β-Ketophosphonates. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5869-5875. [PMID: 29715022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetric arylation of γ,δ-unsaturated β-ketophosphonates with arylboronic acids is reported. By using the ( R)-diene* ligated rhodium(I) chloride complex as a catalyst under none basic conditions, the corresponding β-ketophosphonates bearing a δ-chiral center were obtained in high yields (up to 99%) with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee). The enantioenriched products can be readily converted to diverse chiral β'-aryl enones by the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , 24 Tongjiaxiang , Nanjing 210009 , China
| | | | - Tamio Hayashi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , 21 Nanyang Link , Singapore 637371 , Singapore
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Orr D, Yousefi N, Minehan TG. Ring Expansion, Ring Contraction, and Annulation Reactions of Allylic Phosphonates under Oxidative Cleavage Conditions. Org Lett 2018; 20:2839-2843. [PMID: 29701477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative cleavage of cycloalkenylalkylphosphonates 1 followed by treatment with base gives rise to homologated cycloalkenones 2 in good to excellent yields. Subjecting cycloalk-2-enylphosphonates 3 to identical conditions provides the one-carbon ring-contracted compounds 4 in excellent yields. Oxidative cleavage of γ,δ-unsaturated ketophosphonates 6 followed by treatment with base affords 2-cyclopenten-1-ones 7 in good overall yields. This method may offer a practical alternative to existing methods for effecting one-carbon ring expansion, ring contraction, and annulation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dupre Orr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , California State University , 18111 Nordhoff Street , Northridge , California 91330-8262 , United States
| | - Nikolas Yousefi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , California State University , 18111 Nordhoff Street , Northridge , California 91330-8262 , United States
| | - Thomas G Minehan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , California State University , 18111 Nordhoff Street , Northridge , California 91330-8262 , United States
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9
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The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2016. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Abstract
Starting from (R)-citronellic acid and (R)-seudenol, the total synthesis of (+)-aplykurodinone-1, a highly degraded marine steroid, has been achieved in 11 steps and in 19% overall yield with excellent stereochemical control. In addition to the features such as an Ireland-Claisen rearrangement, an intramolecular carbonyl-ene cyclization, and an intramolecular Michael addition, the present synthetic strategy is accomplished without the use of protecting groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, The Science Park of Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Wen Xun
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, The Science Park of Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Tingzhong Wang
- The Bestsyn Technologies, 188 Kaiyuan Avenue, The Science Park of Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Fayang G Qiu
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, The Science Park of Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, South China University of Technology , 188 Kaiyuan Avenue, The Science Park of Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China.,The Bestsyn Technologies, 188 Kaiyuan Avenue, The Science Park of Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
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Thumar N, Wei Q, Hu W. Recent Advances in Asymmetric Metal-Catalyzed Carbene Transfer from Diazo Compounds Toward Molecular Complexity. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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