1
|
Pan Y, Ouchi M. Stereospecific Radical Polymerization of a Side-Chain Transformable Bulky Acrylamide Monomer and Subsequent Post-Polymerization Modification for Syntheses of Isotactic Polyacrylate and Polyacrylamide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308855. [PMID: 37395737 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
We report syntheses of isotactic polyacrylate and polyacrylamide via a stereospecific radical polymerization of a pendant-transformable monomer, acrylamide carrying isopropyl-substituted ureidosulfonamide (1), followed by post-polymerization modification (PPM). The study in the alcoholysis and aminolysis reactions of the model compound (2) for evaluation of the transformation ability of the electron-withdrawing pendant group on the repeating unit 1 revealed the following points: the pendant of the polymer became more reactive than that of monomer; the pendant was active enough for aminolysis reaction affording the amide compound quantitatively without additive/catalyst; the addition of a lithium triflate [Li(OTf)] and triethylamine (Et3 N) was effective as for promotion of the alcoholysis reaction. Poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) was quantitatively obtained via the radical polymerization of 1 in the presence of Li(OTf) at 60 °C and the subsequent addition of methanol along with Et3 N. Thus-obtained PMA showed higher isotacticity [m=74 %] than that directly obtained via radical polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) (m=51 %). The isotacticity was further increased as the temperature and monomer concentration were lower, and eventually m was increased up to 93 %. The aminolysis PPM after the iso-specific radical polymerization of 1 gave various isotactic polyacrylamides carrying different alkyl pendant groups, including poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuehang Pan
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park B, Tosaka M, Yamago S. Crystallization of isotactic poly(N,N-diethyl acrylamide) synthesized by ytterbium triflate/H2O-catalyzed stereoselective radical polymerization. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00445-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
3
|
Park B, Imamura Y, Yamago S. Stereocontrolled radical polymerization of acrylamides by ligand-accelerated catalysis. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-00444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
4
|
Teator AJ, Varner TP, Knutson PC, Sorensen CC, Leibfarth FA. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: The Past, Present, and Future of Stereocontrolled Vinyl Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1638-1654. [PMID: 35617075 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The thermomechanical properties exhibited by synthetic macromolecules can be directly linked to their tacticity, or the relative stereochemistry of repeat units. The development of stereoselective coordination-insertion polymerization, for example, led to the discovery of isotactic polypropylene, now one of the most widely produced commodity plastics in the world. Widespread interest in controlling polymer tacticity has led to a variety of stereoselective polymerization methodologies; however, this area of polymer science has lagged behind when compared to the ability to control molecular weight, dispersity, and composition. Despite decades of advancements, many stereoregular vinyl polymers remain unknown, particularly those comprised of polar functionality or derived from renewable resources. This Viewpoint provides an overview of recent developments in stereocontrolled polymerization, with an emphasis on propagation mechanism, and highlights successes, limitations, and future challenges for continued innovation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Teator
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Travis P. Varner
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Phil C. Knutson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Cole C. Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Frank A. Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Du LJ, Zhang Y, Zhang HY, Yin G, Wang XY, Zhao J, Han YP. Synthesis of 1,6-Dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile Derivatives via Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Annulation of Propargylic Alcohols with ( E)-3-Amino-3-phenylacrylonitriles. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9863-9875. [PMID: 32666794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel Lewis acid-catalyzed, highly efficient, practical, and atom-economical protocol for the synthesis of functionalized 1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile derivatives in the presence of Bi(OTf)3 (10 mol %) in tetrahydrofuran (2.0 mL) at 80 °C for 8 h in air is described, starting from readily accessed propargylic alcohols and (E)-3-amino-3-phenylacrylonitriles. This cycloaddition protocol, which is scalable and proceeds under mild conditions, is amenable to the gram-scale construction of valuable 1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitriles. Furthermore, the good functional group compatibility and broad scope of this strategy were demonstrated by a broad range of propargylic alcohols and (E)-3-amino-3-phenylacrylonitriles, with yields ranging from 34 to 96%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Du
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Yuecheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Guohui Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Jiquan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Ping Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Imamura Y, Fujita T, Kobayashi Y, Yamago S. Tacticity, molecular weight, and temporal control by lanthanide triflate-catalyzed stereoselective radical polymerization of acrylamides with an organotellurium chain transfer agent. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01280g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ternary control over molecular weight, tacticity, and time was achieved in the polymerization of acrylamides by photo-induced organotellurium-mediated radical polymerization (TERP) in the presence of Y(OTf)3 or Yb(OTf)3 as an acid catalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Imamura
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji 611-0011
- Japan
| | - Takehiro Fujita
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji 611-0011
- Japan
| | - Yu Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka 558-8585
- Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research
- Kyoto University
- Uji 611-0011
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Z, Detrembleur C, Debuigne A. Reversible deactivation radical (co)polymerization of dimethyl methylene oxazolidinone towards responsive vicinal aminoalcohol-containing copolymers. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01255f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined oxazolidinone-containing copolymers produced by controlled radical polymerization give access to multi-responsive vicinal amino-alcohol functional poly(vinyl alcohol)s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqun Wang
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM Research Unit
- University of Liege
- 4000 Liege
- Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM Research Unit
- University of Liege
- 4000 Liege
- Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- CESAM Research Unit
- University of Liege
- 4000 Liege
- Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mochizuki S, Kitao T, Uemura T. Controlled polymerizations using metal-organic frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11843-11856. [PMID: 30259030 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06415f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This short review focuses on recent developments in polymerization reactions using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). MOFs are crystalline porous materials that are able to tune their frameworks, enabling their use as promising media for polymerization. The precise design of the MOF structure is key to controlling polymerizations, allowing for the regulation of not only primary but also higher-order structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuto Mochizuki
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitao
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan. and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Uemura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan. and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|