1
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Ewing PMDA, Majhi PK, Prentice C, Young CM, van Rees K, Arnold PL, Zysman-Colman E, Smith AD. α-Phenylthioaldehydes for the effective generation of acyl azolium and azolium enolate intermediates. Chem Sci 2024; 15:9369-9375. [PMID: 38903219 PMCID: PMC11186317 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06879j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Phenylthioaldehydes are readily prepared using a simple multi-step procedure and herein are introduced as a new precursor for the NHC-catalysed generation of acyl azolium and azolium enolate intermediates that are of widespread synthetic interest and utility. Treatment of α-phenylthioaldehydes with an NHC precatalyst and base produces an efficient redox rearrangement via a Breslow intermediate, elimination of thiophenolate, and subsequent rebound addition to the generated acyl azolium to give the corresponding thiol ester. In the presence of an external alcohol, competition between redox rearrangement and redox esterification can be controlled through judicious choice of the N-aryl substituent within the NHC precatalyst and the base used in the reaction. With NEt3 as base, NHCs bearing electron-withdrawing (N-C6F5 or N-C6H2Cl3) substituents favour redox rearrangement, while triazolium precatalysts with electron-rich N-aryl substituents (N-Ph, N-Mes) result in preferential redox esterification. Using DBU, redox esterification is preferred due to transesterification of the initially formed thiol ester product. Additionally, α-phenylthioaldehyde-derived azolium enolates have been used in enantioselective formal [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions to access dihydropyridinone heterocycles with high enantioselectivity (up to >95 : 5 dr, 98 : 2 er).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M D A Ewing
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh EH9 3JF UK
| | - Pankaj Kumar Majhi
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Callum Prentice
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Claire M Young
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | | | - Polly L Arnold
- Dept of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST UK
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2
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Conboy A, Goodfellow AS, Kasten K, Dunne J, Cordes DB, Bühl M, Smith AD. De-epimerizing DyKAT of β-lactones generated by isothiourea-catalysed enantioselective [2 + 2] cycloaddition. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8896-8904. [PMID: 38873072 PMCID: PMC11168096 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01410c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
An enantioselective isothiourea-catalysed [2 + 2] cycloaddition of C(1)-ammonium enolates with pyrazol-4,5-diones is used to construct spirocyclic β-lactones in good yields, excellent enantioselectivity (99 : 1 er) but with modest diastereocontrol (typically 70 : 30 dr). Upon ring-opening with morpholine or alternative nucleophilic amines and alcohols β-hydroxyamide and β-hydroxyester products are generated with enhanced diastereocontrol (up to >95 : 5 dr). Control experiments show that stereoconvergence is observed in the ring-opening of diastereoisomeric β-lactones, leading to a single product (>95 : 5 dr, >99 : 1 er). Mechanistic studies and DFT analysis indicate a substrate controlled Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation (DyKAT) involving epimerisation at C(3) of the β-lactone under the reaction conditions, coupled with a hydrogen bond-assisted nucleophilic addition to the Si-face of the β-lactone and stereodetermining ring-opening. The scope and limitations of a one-pot protocol consisting of isothiourea-catalysed enantio-determining [2 + 2] cycloaddition followed by diastereo-determining ring-opening are subsequently developed. Variation within the anhydride ammonium enolate precursor, as well as N(1) and C(3) within the pyrazol-4,5-dione scaffold is demonstrated, giving a range of functionalised β-hydroxyamides with high diastereo- and enantiocontrol (>20 examples, up to >95 : 5 dr and >99 : 1 er) via this DyKAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aífe Conboy
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Alister S Goodfellow
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Kevin Kasten
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Joanne Dunne
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Michael Bühl
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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3
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Barańska I, Rafińska K, Rafiński Z. Enantioselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Fluoroalkylated Benzopyranones and 3-Coumaranones via N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Intramolecular Annulations. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14339-14344. [PMID: 37793100 PMCID: PMC10594660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective intramolecular NHC-catalyzed approach for the synthesis of fluoroalkylated benzopyranones and 3-coumaranones with all-carbon quaternary stereocenters is presented. This reaction is catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and involves annulation reactions between in situ generated acyl anion intermediates and highly substituted trifluoromethyl-β,β-disubstituted Michael acceptors. The method can also be extended to perfluoroalkyl homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Barańska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarin Street, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rafińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarin Street, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Rafiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 7 Gagarin Street, Torun 87-100, Poland
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4
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Wang Y, Young CM, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Probing Regio- and Enantioselectivity in the Formal [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of C(1)-Alkyl Ammonium Enolates with β- and α,β-Substituted Trifluoromethylenones. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37184337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The isothiourea-catalyzed regio- and enantioselective formal [2 + 2] cycloaddition of C(1)-alkyl and C(1)-unsubstituted ammonium enolates with β- and α,β-substituted trifluoromethylenones has been developed. In all cases, preferential [2 + 2]-cycloaddition over the alternative [4 + 2]-cycloaddition is observed, giving β-lactones with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivity (34 examples, up to >95:5 dr, >99:1 er). The regioselectivity of the process was dictated by the nature of the substituents on both reaction components. Solely [2 + 2] cycloaddition products are observed when using α,β-substituted trifluoromethylenones or α-trialkylsilyl acetic acid derivatives; both [2 + 2] and [4 + 2] cycloaddition products are observed when using β-substituted trifluoromethylenones and α-alkyl-α-trialkylsilyl acetic acids as reactants, with the [2 + 2] cycloaddition as the major reaction product. The beneficial role of the α-silyl substituent within the acid component in this protocol has been demonstrated by control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Wang
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Claire M Young
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, U.K
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5
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Wang Y, Young CM, Liu H, Hartley WC, Wienhold M, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. A Desilylative Approach to Alkyl Substituted C(1)‐Ammonium Enolates: Application in Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208800. [PMID: 35833471 PMCID: PMC9543305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic generation of C(1)‐ammonium enolates from the corresponding α‐silyl‐α‐alkyl substituted carboxylic acids using the isothiourea HyperBTM is reported. This desilylative approach grants access to α‐unsubstituted and α‐alkyl substituted C(1)‐ammonium enolates, which are typically difficult to access through traditional methods reliant upon deprotonation. The scope and limitations of this process is established in enantioselective [2+2]‐cycloaddition processes with perfluoroalkylketones (31 examples, up to 96 % yield and >99 : 1 er), as well as selective [2+2]‐cycloaddition with trifluoromethyl enones (4 examples, up to 75 % yield and >99 : 1 er). Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate this process proceeds through an initial kinetic resolution of an in situ prepared (±)‐α‐silyl‐α‐alkyl substituted anhydride, while the reaction process exhibits overall pseudo zero‐order kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Wang
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Claire M. Young
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Honglei Liu
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Will C. Hartley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - Max Wienhold
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | - David. B. Cordes
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
| | | | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St Andrews St Andrews Fife KY16 9ST UK
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6
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Abdelhamid Y, Kasten K, Dunne J, Hartley WC, Young CM, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Ng S, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Catalyzed [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of C(1)-Ammonium Enolates and N-Alkyl Isatins. Org Lett 2022; 24:5444-5449. [PMID: 35848722 PMCID: PMC9490795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Enantioselective [2 + 2] cycloaddition of C(1)-ammonium
enolates
generated catalytically using the isothiourea HyperBTM with N-alkyl isatins gives spirocyclic β-lactones. In situ ring opening with an amine nucleophile generates
isolable highly enantioenriched products in up to 92:8 dr and in >99:1
er.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusra Abdelhamid
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - Kevin Kasten
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - Joanne Dunne
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - Will C Hartley
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - Claire M Young
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, U.K., KY16 9ST
| | - Sean Ng
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
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7
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Smith AD, Wang Y, Young CM, Liu H, Hartley WC, Wienhold M, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ. A Desilylative Approach to Alkyl Substituted C(1)‐Ammonium Enolates: Application in Enantioselective [2+2] Cycloadditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew David Smith
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry North Haugh FIFE, KY10 3TH St. Andrews UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Yihong Wang
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Honglei Liu
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Max Wienhold
- University of St Andrews School of Chemistry UNITED KINGDOM
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8
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Mondal S, Ghosh A, Biju AT. N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)-Catalyzed Transformations Involving Azolium Enolates. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200054. [PMID: 35562645 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The recent advances in the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-organocatalyzed generation of azolium enolate intermediates and their subsequent interception with electrophiles are highlighted. The NHC-bound azolium intermediates are generated by the addition of NHCs to suitably substituted aldehydes, acid derivatives or ketenes. A broad range of coupling partners can intercept the azolium enolates to form [2+n] cycloadducts (n=2,3,4) and various α-functionalized compounds. The enantioselective synthesis of the target compounds are achieved with the use of chiral NHCs. Herein, we summarized the development that occurred in this subclass of NHC catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santigopal Mondal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012
| | - Arghya Ghosh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012
| | - Akkattu T Biju
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012
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9
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Li MM, Chen X, Deng Y, Lu J. Recent advances of N-heterocyclic carbenes in the applications of constructing carbo- and heterocyclic frameworks with potential biological activity. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38060-38078. [PMID: 35498096 PMCID: PMC9044055 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06155k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have established themselves as a masterful and promising type of organocatalyst for the speedy construction of medicinally and biologically significant molecules from common and accessible small molecules. In particular, various cyclic scaffolds, including carbocycles and heterocycles, have been synthesized using NHCs via cycloaddition reaction. An exhaustive review focused on the chemistry of NHCs in these cyclic molecules has yet to be reported. In this contribution, a general picture of the utilization of NHCs in constructing twelve kinds of bioactive cyclic skeletons is firstly presented. We provide a systematic and comprehensive overview from the perspective of cycloaddition reactions; moreover, the limitations, challenges, and future prospects were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Yun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
| | - Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu 611137 China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University Shenzhen Research Institute and Continuing Education Shenzhen 518000 China
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10
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Davies AT, Greenhalgh MD, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. NHC-catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of β-trifluoromethyl-β-hydroxyamides. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1572-1578. [PMID: 32704323 PMCID: PMC7356285 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed formal [2 + 2] cycloaddition between α-aroyloxyaldehydes and trifluoroacetophenones, followed by ring opening with an amine or a reducing agent is described. The resulting β-trifluoromethyl-β-hydroxyamide and alcohol products are produced with reasonable diastereocontrol (typically ≈70:30 dr) and excellent enantioselectivity, and they can be isolated in moderate to good yield as a single diastereoisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyn T Davies
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Mark D Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, United Kingdom
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11
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Perna FM, Falcicchio A, Salomone A, Milet A, Rizzi R, Hamdoun G, Barozzino‐Consiglio G, Stalke D, Oulyadi H, Capriati V. First Direct Evidence of an
ortho
‐Lithiated Aryloxetane: Solid and Solution Structure, and Dynamics. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo M. Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia‐Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Aurelia Falcicchio
- Istituto di Cristallografia (IC‐CNR) Via Amendola 122/o 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali Università del Salento Prov.le Lecce‐Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Anne Milet
- Université Grenoble Alpes CNRS, DCM 38000 Grenoble France
| | - Rosanna Rizzi
- Istituto di Cristallografia (IC‐CNR) Via Amendola 122/o 70125 Bari Italy
| | - Ghanem Hamdoun
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) Rouen France
| | | | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstrasse 6 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Hassan Oulyadi
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN INSA de Rouen, CNRS, Laboratoire COBRA (UMR 6014 & FR 3038) Rouen France
| | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia‐Scienze del Farmaco Università di Bari “Aldo Moro” Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S. Via E. Orabona 4 70125 Bari Italy
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12
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Lekkala R, Lekkala R, Moku B, Rakesh KP, Qin HL. SO 2F 2-mediated transformation of 2'-hydroxyacetophenones to benzo-oxetes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:976-980. [PMID: 31164935 PMCID: PMC6541378 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A catalyst-free novel and efficient methodology for the challenging synthesis of benzo-oxetes from 2'-hydroxyacetophenones mediated by sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) gas has been realized. The combination of 2'-hydroxyacetophenones and SO2F2 furnishes synthetically challenging benzo-oxetanes in moderate to excellent yields. The highlight of this work is the design and synthesis of strained four-membered oxete rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Revathi Lekkala
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ravindar Lekkala
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Balakrishna Moku
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - K P Rakesh
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, China
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13
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Li Y, Zhang Z. Mechanisms and Stereoselectivities of NHC-Catalyzed [3 + 4] Cycloaddition Reaction between Isatin-Derived Enal and N-(ortho
-Chloromethyl)aryl Amide. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Science and Technology Liaoning; 114051 Anshan P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering; University of Science and Technology Liaoning; 114051 Anshan P. R. China
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14
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Barrios Antúnez DJ, Greenhalgh MD, Brueckner AC, Walden DM, Elías-Rodríguez P, Roberts P, Young BG, West TH, Slawin AMZ, Ha-Yeon Cheong P, Smith AD. Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of perfluoroalkyl-substituted β-lactones via a concerted asynchronous [2 + 2] cycloaddition: a synthetic and computational study. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6162-6173. [PMID: 31360423 PMCID: PMC6585878 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00390h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The enantioselective preparation of a range of perfluoroalkyl-substituted β-lactones through an isothiourea (HyperBTM) catalysed reaction using symmetric anhydrides as ammonium enolate precursors and perfluoroalkylketones (RF = CF3, C2F5, C4F9) is reported. Following optimisation, high diastereo- and enantioselectivity was observed for β-lactone formation using C2F5- and C4F9-substituted ketones at room temperature (26 examples, up to >95 : 5 dr and >99 : 1 er), whilst -78 °C was necessary for optimal dr and er with CF3-substituted ketones (11 examples, up to >95 : 5 dr and >99 : 1 er). Derivatisation of the β-lactones through ring-opening, as well as a two-step conversion to give perfluoroalkyl-substituted oxetanes, is demonstrated without loss of stereochemical integrity. Density functional theory computations, alongside 13C natural abundance KIE studies, have been used to probe the reaction mechanism with a concerted asynchronous [2 + 2]-cycloaddition pathway favoured over a stepwise aldol-lactonisation process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark D Greenhalgh
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Alexander C Brueckner
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , 153 Gilbert Hall , Corvallis , Oregon 97333 , USA .
| | - Daniel M Walden
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , 153 Gilbert Hall , Corvallis , Oregon 97333 , USA .
| | - Pilar Elías-Rodríguez
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Patrick Roberts
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Benjamin G Young
- Department of Chemistry, Physics, and Engineering , Biola University , 315 Lim Center , La Mirada , California 90639 , USA
| | - Thomas H West
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Alexandra M Z Slawin
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
| | - Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry , Oregon State University , 153 Gilbert Hall , Corvallis , Oregon 97333 , USA .
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM , School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , North Haugh , St Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK .
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15
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Abstract
This review represents the most complete description of the scientific results obtained on a photochemical reaction described 110 years ago by an Italian scientist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio D'Auria
- Dipartimento di Scienze
- Università della Basilicata
- 85100 Potenza
- Italy
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16
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Lopez SS, Jaworski AA, Scheidt KA. NHC-Catalyzed Formal [2+2] Annulations of Allenoates for the Synthesis of Substituted Oxetanes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:14637-14645. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susana S. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ashley A. Jaworski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karl A. Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Silverman Hall, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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17
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Zhao M, Zhang YT, Chen J, Zhou L. Enantioselective Reactions Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Tong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
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18
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Nicolle SM, Nortcliffe A, Bartrum HE, Lewis W, Hayes CJ, Moody CJ. C−H Insertion as a Key Step to Spiro-Oxetanes, Scaffolds for Drug Discovery. Chemistry 2017; 23:13623-13627. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon M. Nicolle
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Nortcliffe
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - Hannah E. Bartrum
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - William Lewis
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Hayes
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Moody
- School of Chemistry; University of Nottingham; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
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19
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Wu X, Hao L, Zhang Y, Rakesh M, Reddi RN, Yang S, Song BA, Chi YR. Construction of Fused Pyrrolidines and β-Lactones by Carbene-Catalyzed C-N, C-C, and C-O Bond Formations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4201-4205. [PMID: 28295941 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A carbene-catalyzed intermolecular C-N bond formation, which initiates a highly selective cascade reaction for the synthesis of pyrrolidine fused β-lactones, is disclosed. The nitrogen-containing bicyclic β-lactone products are obtained with good yields and excellent stereoselectivities. Synthetic transformations of the reaction products into useful functional molecules, such as amino catalysts, can be efficiently realized under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistically, this study provides insights into modulating the reactivities of heteroatoms, such as nitrogen atoms, in challenging carbene-catalyzed asymmetric carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wu
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Yuexia Zhang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Maiti Rakesh
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rambabu N Reddi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Bao-An Song
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry, School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.,Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
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20
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Wu X, Hao L, Zhang Y, Rakesh M, Reddi RN, Yang S, Song BA, Chi YR. Construction of Fused Pyrrolidines and β-Lactones by Carbene-Catalyzed C−N, C−C, and C−O Bond Formations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wu
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Lin Hao
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Yuexia Zhang
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Maiti Rakesh
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Rambabu N. Reddi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
| | - Song Yang
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Guizhou University; Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Bao-An Song
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Guizhou University; Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- Division of Chemistry & Biological Chemistry; School of Physical & Mathematical Sciences; Nanyang Technological University; Singapore 637371 Singapore
- Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering; Ministry of Education; Guizhou University; Huaxi District Guiyang 550025 China
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21
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Enantioselective NHC-catalysed redox [4+2]-hetero-Diels-Alder reactions using α-aroyloxyaldehydes and unsaturated ketoesters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Enantioselective N-heterocyclic carbene catalyzed formal [3+2] cycloaddition using α-aroyloxyaldehydes and oxaziridines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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23
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Bull JA, Croft RA, Davis OA, Doran R, Morgan KF. Oxetanes: Recent Advances in Synthesis, Reactivity, and Medicinal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2016; 116:12150-12233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary A. Croft
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Owen A. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Doran
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kate F. Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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24
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Vitale P, Perna FM, Agrimi G, Scilimati A, Salomone A, Cardellicchio C, Capriati V. Asymmetric chemoenzymatic synthesis of 1,3-diols and 2,4-disubstituted aryloxetanes by using whole cell biocatalysts. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:11438-11445. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02320g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient chemoenzymatic approach for the asymmetric synthesis of 1,3-diols and 2,4-disubstituted aryloxetanes has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Vitale
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “A. Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Filippo Maria Perna
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “A. Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Gennaro Agrimi
- Department of Biosciences
- Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics
- University of Bari “A. Moro”
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “A. Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
| | - Antonio Salomone
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali
- Università del Salento
- Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni
- I-73100 Lecce
- Italy
| | | | - Vito Capriati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco
- Università di Bari “A. Moro”
- Consorzio C.I.N.M.P.I.S
- I-70125 Bari
- Italy
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25
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Barrios Antúnez DJ, Greenhalgh MD, Fallan C, Slawin AMZ, Smith AD. Enantioselective synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted trans-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans using a Brønsted base/thiourea bifunctional catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:7268-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01326k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted trans-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran derivatives via intramolecular Michael addition has been developed using a bifunctional tertiary amine–thiourea catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Charlene Fallan
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
| | | | - Andrew D. Smith
- EaStCHEM
- School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
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