1
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Qin H, Wei G, Lou Y, Zheng X, Bao M, Zhang Y, Huang P. K 2S 2O 8-mediated direct C-H heteroarylation/hydroxylation of indolin-2-ones with quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:279-283. [PMID: 38053489 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01792c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a K2S2O8-mediated direct heteroarylation and hydroxylation reaction between quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with a C(sp2)-H bond and indolin-2-ones with a C(sp3)-H bond via an oxidative cross-coupling reaction has been reported. We have successfully established a feasible and concise reaction system that represents the first example of free-radical-promoted heteroarylation and hydroxylation reaction on the C-3 position of oxindole. A series of 3-substituted 3-hydroxyoxindoles are obtained in 0-83% yield using this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qin
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Guoliang Wei
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
| | - Yutao Lou
- College of pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Meihua Bao
- Academician Workstation, School of Stomatology, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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2
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Zhao D, Pan Y, Guo S, Chen X, Hou H, Han Y, Yan C, Shi Y, Zhu S. Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Dearomatized Oxyalkylation of Indoles with Alcohols: Synthesis of 3-Alkoxy-2-Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16867-16872. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengyang Zhao
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yingjie Pan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shengkun Guo
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212005, China
| | - Hong Hou
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Ying Han
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chaoguo Yan
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yaocheng Shi
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shaoqun Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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3
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Shrestha G, Panza M, Singh Y, Stine K, Demchenko AV. N‐Alkylated analogues of indolylthio glycosides as glycosyl donors with enhanced activation profile. European J Org Chem 2022; 2022. [PMID: 36339352 PMCID: PMC9635513 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
While studying indolylthio glycosides, previously we determined their activation profile that required large excess of activators. This drawback was partially addressed in the present study of N-alkylated SInR derivatives. The activation process was studied by NMR and the increased understanding of the mechanism led to a discovery of different activation pathways taking place with SIn versus SInR derivatives. Also investigated was orthogonality of the SInR leaving groups versus thioglycosides and selective activation of thioimidates over SInR glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Shrestha
- UMSL: University of Missouri-St Louis Chemistry and biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Matteo Panza
- UMSL: University of Missouri-St Louis Chemistry and biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Yashapal Singh
- UMSL: University of Missouri-St Louis Chemistry and biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Keith Stine
- UMSL: University of Missouri-St Louis Chemistry and biochemistry UNITED STATES
| | - Alexei V. Demchenko
- Saint Louis University Chemistry 3501 Laclede Ave 63103 St. Louis UNITED STATES
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4
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Payra S, Yadav N, Moorthy JN. Solvent-mediated switching between oxidative addition and addition–oxidation: access to β-hydroxysulfides and β-arylsulfones by the addition of thiols to olefins in the presence of Oxone. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04892a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Solvent-switching allows formation of either β-hydroxy-2-arylethyl aryl sulfides or 2-arylethyl aryl sulfones exclusively in thiol–ene ‘click’ reactions conducted with Oxone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Payra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Navin Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jarugu Narasimha Moorthy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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5
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Pastor M, Vayer M, Weinstabl H, Maulide N. Electrochemical Umpolung C-H Functionalization of Oxindoles. J Org Chem 2021; 87:606-612. [PMID: 34962127 PMCID: PMC8749966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Herein, we present
a general electrochemical method to access unsymmetrical
3,3-disubstituted oxindoles by direct C–H functionalization
where the oxindole fragment behaves as an electrophile. This Umpolung
approach does not rely on stoichiometric oxidants and proceeds under
mild, environmentally benign conditions. Importantly, it enables the
functionalization of these scaffolds through C–O, and by extension
to C–C or even C–N bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Pastor
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Vayer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Weinstabl
- Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV, Doktor-Boehringer-Gasse 5-11, 1120 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nuno Maulide
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Entropy-Oriented Drug Design, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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6
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Huang S, Bao X, Fu Y, Zhang Y, Quan Z, Huo C. Auto‐Oxidative Povarov/Aromatization Tandem Reaction of Glycine Derivatives with Enamides: Acylamino as both Activating and Leaving Group. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Songhai Huang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Xiazhen Bao
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Ying Fu
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Zhengjun Quan
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
| | - Congde Huo
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNorthwest Normal University Lanzhou Gansu 730070 China
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7
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Min W, Li H, Quan Z, Yang C, Huo C. Auto-Oxidation-Induced Construction of Isatins from Glycine Derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Min
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University Lanzhou; Gansu 730070 China
| | - Haitao Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University Lanzhou; Gansu 730070 China
| | - Zhengjun Quan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University Lanzhou; Gansu 730070 China
| | - Caixia Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University Lanzhou; Gansu 730070 China
| | - Congde Huo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Northwest Normal University Lanzhou; Gansu 730070 China
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8
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Li Y, Li JH. Decarbonylative Formation of Homoallyl Radical Capable of Annulation with N-Arylpropiolamides via Aldehyde Auto-oxidation. Org Lett 2018; 20:5323-5326. [PMID: 30146885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new metal-free aldehyde auto-oxidation strategy that allows the decarbonylative formation of homoallyl radical capable of cascade annulations with alkynes is described. By using various N-arylpropiolamides, the oxidative radical [3 + 2]/[5 + 2] cascade annulation reaction was achieved to produce benzo[ b]cyclopenta[ e]azepin-4(1 H)-ones, which represent a powerful new platform for the intermolecular cycloadditions of alkyne with broad substrate scope and high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle , Nanchang Hangkong University , Nanchang 330063 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , Lanzhou 730000 , China
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9
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Wang Y, Wu R, Zhao S, Quan Z, Su Y, Huo C. Air promoted annulation of thiophenols with alkynes leading to benzothiophenes. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:1667-1671. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00010g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Air promoted intermolecular annulation of thiophenols with alkynes, leading to complex benzothiophenes, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Gansu 730070
- China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Gansu 730070
- China
| | - Shijun Zhao
- College of Foreign Languages
- Lanzhou University of Technology
- Gansu 730050
- China
| | - Zhengjun Quan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Gansu 730070
- China
| | - Yingpeng Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Gansu 730070
- China
| | - Congde Huo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Gansu 730070
- China
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10
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Li PG, Yan C, Zhu S, Liu SH, Zou LH. Direct construction of benzimidazo[l,2-c]quinazolin-6-ones via metal-free oxidative C–C bond cleavage. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01039k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A highly regioselective protocol has been developed for the synthesis of benzimidazo[l,2-c]quinazolin-6-ones via C–C bond cleavage and triple C–N bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Gui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
| | - Cheng Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
| | - Shuai Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
| | - Shu-Hui Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
| | - Liang-Hua Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
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11
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Bisht G, Chaudhari MB, Gupte VS, Gnanaprakasam B. Ru-NHC Catalyzed Domino Reaction of Carbonyl Compounds and Alcohols: A Short Synthesis of Donaxaridine. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:8234-8252. [PMID: 31457366 PMCID: PMC6645123 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Direct α-alkylation of amides and the synthesis of C3-alkylated 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one/2-substituted-2-hydroxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-one derivatives from 2-oxindole/1-teralone were reported using primary alcohols in the presence of Ru-NHC catalyst in a one pot condition under the borrowing hydrogen method. In the case of inert conditions, 2-oxindole/1-teralone exclusively forms the C3-alkylated product. Whereas, allowing this reaction mixture to occur under an air atmosphere predominantly forms C3-alkylated 3-hydroxyindolin-2-one via domino C-H alkylation and aerobic C-H hydroxylation. This Ru-NHC catalyst is easily accessible, air stable, and phosphine free. Using this method, synthesis of 2-oxindole based natural products such as Donaxaridine was accomplished.
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12
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Wang Y, Jiang W, Huo C. One-Pot Synthesis of β-Hydroxysulfones and Its Application in the Preparation of Anticancer Drug Bicalutamide. J Org Chem 2017; 82:10628-10634. [PMID: 28875700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient one-pot multistep strategy has been developed, comprising auto-oxidative difunctionalization of alkenes, oxidation of sulfides, and a further reduction of peroxides for the synthesis of complex β-hydroxysulfone derivatives from phenthiols and alkenes. This method has several advantageous characteristics, including readily available substrates, low-cost and environmental benign reagents, nontoxic and renewable solvents, and mild reaction conditions. The application of this transformation to the multigram-scale preparation of the anticancer drug bicalutamide is accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University , Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University , Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Congde Huo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University , Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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13
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Camps P, Lozano D, Guitián E, Peña D, Pérez D, Font-Bardia M, Llamas-Saíz AL. Straightforward Synthesis of a Vicinal Double-Bridgehead Iodo Trimethylsilyl Octacycle: Unprecedented Lack of Reactivity of the Silyl Group in the Presence of Fluoride Anions. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pelayo Camps
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC); Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de la Alimentació and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB); Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Joan XXIII 27-31 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - David Lozano
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC); Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de la Alimentació and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB); Universitat de Barcelona; Av. Joan XXIII 27-31 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Enrique Guitián
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS) and Departamento de Química Orgánica; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Departament de Cristal·lografia; Mineralogia I Dipòsits Minerals; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí Franquès s/n 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Unitat de Difracció de RX; Centres Científics I Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB); Solé i Sabarís 1-3 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Antonio L. Llamas-Saíz
- Unidade de Raios X. RIAIDT; Edificio CACTUS; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela; Campus Vida 15782 Santiago de Compostela Spain
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14
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Chaudhari MB, Bisht GS, Kumari P, Gnanaprakasam B. Ruthenium-catalyzed direct α-alkylation of amides using alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9215-9220. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01786j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Ru-catalyzed (0.1 mol%) direct α-alkylation of amides using alcohols is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Girish Singh Bisht
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Boopathy Gnanaprakasam
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research
- Pune 411008
- India
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15
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Huo C, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Chen F, Tang J. Auto-oxidative hydroxysulfenylation of alkenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:7233-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc01937d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One-pot auto-oxidation mediated hydroxysulfenylation of electron-deficient and electron-rich olefins with phenthiols was explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congde Huo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Fengjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Jing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Northwest Normal University
- Lanzhou
- China
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