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Ramiro JL, Martínez-Caballero S, Neo AG, Díaz J, Marcos CF. The Castagnoli–Cushman Reaction. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062654. [PMID: 36985626 PMCID: PMC10058692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first reports of the reaction of imines and cyclic anhydrides by Castagnoli and Cushman, this procedure has been applied to the synthesis of a variety of lactams, some of them with important synthetic or biological interest. The scope of the reaction has been extended to the use of various Schiff bases and anhydrides as well as to different types of precursors for these reagents. In recent years, important advances have been made in understanding the mechanism of the reaction, which has historically been quite controversial. This has helped to develop reaction conditions that lead to pure diastereomers and even homochiral products. In addition, these mechanistic studies have also led to the development of new multicomponent versions of the Castagnoli–Cushman reaction that allow products with more diverse and complex molecular structures to be easily obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Ramiro
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sonia Martínez-Caballero
- Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales y las Matemáticas, Facultad de Formación de Profesorado, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ana G. Neo
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.N.); (C.F.M.)
| | - Jesús Díaz
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Carlos F. Marcos
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry & Membrane Biophysics (L.O.B.O.), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.G.N.); (C.F.M.)
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2
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Trifluoroethanol Promoted Castagnoli-Cushman Cycloadditions of Imines with Homophthalic Anhydride. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030844. [PMID: 35164109 PMCID: PMC8839191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactams are essential compounds in medicinal chemistry and key intermediates in the synthesis of natural products. The Castagnoli–Cushman reaction (CCR) of homophthalic anhydride with imines is an exciting method for accessing cyclic densely substituted lactam products. Most CCRs need to be catalyzed or heated. Herein, we report a new, efficient, metal and catalyst-free CCR for the synthesis of poly-substituted 3,4-lactams utilizing the unique properties of trifluoroethanol (TFE). This procedure provides high-speed and smooth access to a broad range of densely substituted 3,4-lactams in good yields and a 100% atom-economical fashion.
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3
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Firsov A, Bakulina O, Dar'in D, Sokolov VV, Krasavin M. Synthesis of γ-Sultam-Annelated δ-Lactams via the Castagnoli-Cushman Reaction of Sultam-Based Dicarboxylic Acids. J Org Chem 2022; 87:1537-1540. [PMID: 35000381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An unusual type of highly reactive sultam-based dicarboxylic acids and correscponding anhydrides was employed in the Castagnoli-Cushman reaction delivering diastereomerically pure adducts at room temperature. Due to steric congestion, the initial adducts were prone to decarboxylation affording diastereomeric mixtures of bicyclic sultam lactams, separable by HPLC. The choice of a protecting group on the sultam nitrogen atom allows liberation of the NH-sultam, which is not only suitable for further modification but represents a known pharmacophore for carbonic anhydrase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Firsov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Bakulina
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Viktor V Sokolov
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
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4
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Howard SY, Di Maso MJ, Shimabukuro K, Burlow NP, Tan DQ, Fettinger JC, Malig TC, Hein JE, Shaw JT. Mechanistic Investigation of Castagnoli-Cushman Multicomponent Reactions Leading to a Three-Component Synthesis of Dihydroisoquinolones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11599-11607. [PMID: 34351161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms for the three- and four-component variants of the Castagnoli-Cushman reaction (CCR) have been investigated. A series of crossover experiments were conducted to probe the structure and reactivity of known amide-acid intermediates for the three- and four-component variants of the CCR (3CR and 4CR, respectively). Control experiments paired with in situ reaction monitoring with infrared spectroscopy for the 4CR align with a mechanism in which amide-acids derived from maleic anhydride can reversibly form free amine and cyclic anhydride. Although this equilibrium is unfavorable, the aldehyde present can trap the primary amine through imine formation and react with the enol form of the anhydride through a Mannich-like mechanism. This detailed mechanistic investigation coupled with additional crossover experiments supports an analogous mechanism for the 3CR and has led to the elucidation of new 3CR conditions with homophthalic anhydride, amines, and aldehydes for the formation of dihydroisoquinolones in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivity. This work represents the culmination of more than a decade of mechanistic speculation for the 3- and 4CR, enabling the design of new multicomponent reactions that exploit this novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Y Howard
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michael J Di Maso
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kristin Shimabukuro
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Noah P Burlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Darlene Q Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Thomas C Malig
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Jason E Hein
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Jared T Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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5
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Guranova N, Golubev P, Bakulina O, Dar'in D, Kantin G, Krasavin M. Unexpected formal [4 + 2]-cycloaddition of chalcone imines and homophthalic anhydrides: preparation of dihydropyridin-2(1 H)-ones. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3829-3833. [PMID: 33949583 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00534k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of medicinally important dihydropyridin-2(1H)-ones have been prepared via a novel [4 + 2]-formal cycloaddition reaction of chalcone imines and homophthalic anhydrides, which is a rare example of lactam construction from an imine acting as a four-atom building block. In contrast to previous studies on the reactivity of homophthalic anhydrides towards similar substrates, N-tosyl chalcone imines, we found the possibility of switching chemoselectivity by changing substituents at the nitrogen atom, which leads to the formation of heterocycles instead of the expected carbocycles. This reaction is very similar in appearance to the classic 1,2-addition of cyclic anhydrides to imines, often referred to as the Castagnoli-Cushman reaction, but differs in mechanistic details (representing a 1,4-reaction of imine). The developed atom-economical, stereoselective and catalyst- and chromatography-free protocol provided facile access to 28 structurally diverse heterocyclic products (in up to 88% yield) including synthetically challenging annelated tricyclic and previously unreported pentaaryl-substituted dihydropyridin-2(1H)-ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Guranova
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034 Russian Federation.
| | - Pavel Golubev
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034 Russian Federation.
| | - Olga Bakulina
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034 Russian Federation.
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034 Russian Federation.
| | - Grigory Kantin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034 Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, 199034 Russian Federation.
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Sardar S, Jabeen E, Wilfred CD, Hamzah AS, Leveque JM. Mechanistic studies on counter-ionic effects of camphorsulfonate-based ionic liquids on kinetics, thermodynamics and stereoselectivity of β-amino carbonyl compounds. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Pashev A, Burdzhiev N, Stanoeva E. One-step route to tricyclic fused 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline systems via the Castagnoli-Cushman protocol. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:1456-1464. [PMID: 32647547 PMCID: PMC7323625 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Castagnoli-Cushman reaction of 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines with glutaric anhydride, its oxygen and sulfur analogues was investigated as a one-step approach to the benzo[a]quinolizidine system and its heterocyclic analogs. An extension towards the pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinoline system was achieved with the use of succinic anhydride. The results are evidence of an unexplored method for the access of the aforementioned tricyclic annelated systems incorporating a bridgehead nitrogen atom. The structures and relative configurations of the new compounds were established by means of 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The reactions between 1-methyldihydroisoquinoline and glutaric, diglycolic and succinic anhydrides yielded unexpected isoquinoline derivatives containing an exocyclic double bond. The compounds prepared bear the potential to become building blocks for future synthetic bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Pashev
- Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1, James Bourchier ave., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Medical University Pleven, Faculty of Pharmacy, 1, St. Kliment Ohridski str., 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Nikola Burdzhiev
- Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1, James Bourchier ave., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elena Stanoeva
- Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, 1, James Bourchier ave., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Laws SW, Howard SY, Mato R, Meng S, Fettinger JC, Shaw JT. Organocatalytic Mukaiyama Mannich Reactions of 2,5-Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)furan. Org Lett 2019; 21:5073-5077. [PMID: 31247788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The organocatalytic synthesis of densely substituted mono- and bis-γ-lactams involving the Mukaiyama Mannich addition of 2,5-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)furan to imines is described. Use of a ditoluenesulfonylimide catalyst produces γ-lactams from monoaddition, whereas a more acidic catalyst (triflic acid) produces fused bis-lactams from double addition. Optimized organocatalytic conditions allow for the selective synthesis of either desired core as well as the one-pot, multicomponent assembly of the trisubstituted monolactams from aldehydes, amines, and bis-trimethylsilyloxyfuran. An examination of chiral acids found these organocatalysts to be highly active and diastereoselective in the monoaddition reaction, albeit with no enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Laws
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Ave , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Sara Y Howard
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Ave , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Raquel Mato
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Ave , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Shuyu Meng
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Ave , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Ave , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Jared T Shaw
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , One Shields Ave , Davis , California 95616 , United States
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9
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Petrović VP, Simijonović D, Milovanović VM, Petrović ZD. Acetophenone Mannich bases: study of ionic liquid catalysed synthesis and antioxidative potential of products. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:181232. [PMID: 30564412 PMCID: PMC6281942 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Three-component Mannich reaction of acetophenone or 4-iodoacetophenone with a variety of substituted anilines and benzaldehyde, catalysed with diethanolammonium chloroacetate, was performed under mild conditions. Mannich bases (MBs), of which five are new, were obtained in good to excellent yields. All compounds were characterized using elemental analysis, NMR and IR. In addition, detailed experimental and simulated UV-Vis spectral characterization of these compounds is presented here for the first time. In vitro antioxidative potential of synthetized MBs was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical and density functional theory (DFT) thermodynamical study. It was shown that compounds with anisidine moiety express moderate antioxidative activity. Mechanism of the organocatalysed Mannich reaction was thoroughly inspected by means of DFT. The reaction undergoes the hydrogen bonding-assisted mechanism. Moreover, the proposed rate determining step of the overall reaction is water elimination in the process of iminium ion formation. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first detailed report on the influence of this type of catalyst on the formation of iminium ion, as a crucial intermediate for the whole reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P. Petrović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac 34000, Serbia
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10
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Jarvis CL, Jemal NM, Knapp S, Seidel D. Formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition of imines with alkoxyisocoumarins. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4231-4235. [PMID: 29796555 PMCID: PMC6082175 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new preparation of δ-lactams is reported. In the presence of a Lewis acid promoter, alkoxyisocoumarins engage a range of N-aryl and N-alkyl imines to form δ-lactams with a pendent carboalkoxy substituent. A sulfonamide-thiourea catalyst enables the synthesis of these products in moderate to good enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Jarvis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Homophthalic anhydride (HPA) typically reacts rapidly with benzalimines to afford the formal [4+2] adduct, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-1-one-4-carboxylic acid. The stereochemical outcome of this reaction is consistent with an open transition state comprising an iminium species and enolized HPA, leading to a short-lived amino-anhydride intermediate. In the case of N-tert-butylbenzalimine, this Mannich-type intermediate, which would normally cyclize at low temperature to a single isomer of the delta-lactam, is intercepted by base treatment to afford beta-lactam products. A pathway featuring ketene formation followed by ring closure is implicated.
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12
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Jarvis CL, Hirschi JS, Vetticatt MJ, Seidel D. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Lactams through Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of Imines with Homophthalic Anhydride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:2670-2674. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201612148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Jarvis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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13
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Jarvis CL, Hirschi JS, Vetticatt MJ, Seidel D. Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Lactams through Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition of Imines with Homophthalic Anhydride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201612148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Jarvis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | | | | | - Daniel Seidel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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14
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Trujillo C, Rozas I, Botte A, Connon SJ. A DFT mechanistic study of the organocatalytic asymmetric reaction of aldehydes and homophthalic anhydride. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:8874-8877. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04596d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first study of the cycloaddition of benzaldehyde with homophthalic anhydride under the influence of an alkaloid-based, squaramide substituted bifunctional organocatalyst using DFT methodology is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trujillo
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Isabel Rozas
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Astrid Botte
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Stephen J. Connon
- School of Chemistry
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute
- Trinity College Dublin
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
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15
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Gao PS, Li N, Zhang JL, Zhu ZL, Gao ZW, Sun HM, Zhang WQ, Xu LW. Highly Efficient Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Cyanoacetamides with Controllable and Chemoselective Mono- and Double Substitutions. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201601021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Sen Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education (MOE) and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University (HZNU); P.R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education (MOE) and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
| | - Jin-Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education (MOE) and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
| | - Zhuang-Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education (MOE) and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
| | - Zi-Wei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education (MOE) and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
| | - Hua-Ming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education (MOE) and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
| | - Wei-Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education (MOE) and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
| | - Li-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry; Ministry of Education (MOE) and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shaanxi Normal University; Xi'an 710062 P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University (HZNU); P.R. China
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16
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Di Maso MJ, Nepomuceno GM, St. Peter MA, Gitre HH, Martin KS, Shaw JT. Synthesis of (±)-Bisavenanthramide B-6 by an Anionic Anhydride Mannich Reaction. Org Lett 2016; 18:1740-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Di Maso
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Gabriella M. Nepomuceno
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michael A. St. Peter
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Haley H. Gitre
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Kevin S. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jared T. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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17
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Lepikhina A, Bakulina O, Dar'in D, Krasavin M. The first solvent-free synthesis of privileged γ- and δ-lactams via the Castagnoli–Cushman reaction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19196g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first solvent-free protocol for the atom-economical Castagnoli–Cushman reaction is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga Bakulina
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- 199034 Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar'in
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- 199034 Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University
- Saint Petersburg
- 199034 Russian Federation
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