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Zhang N, Zheng Q, Wang Y, Wang D, Peng W, Zhang J, Zhang J, Liu J. Theoretical study on the reaction mechanism of Si 2Cl 6 and HCl catalyzed by amine catalysts. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02834d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of this reaction is of great significance to the treatment of by-products in the polysilicon industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Danqi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wencai Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jianshu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jinli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Jichang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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2
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Santowski T, Sturm AG, Lewis KM, Felder T, Holthausen MC, Auner N. Disilane Cleavage with Selected Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Salts. Chemistry 2019; 25:13202-13207. [PMID: 31355503 PMCID: PMC6856802 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The industry-scale production of methylchloromonosilanes in the Müller-Rochow Direct Process is accompanied by the formation of a residue, the direct process residue (DPR), comprised of disilanes Men Si2 Cl6-n (n=1-6). Great research efforts have been devoted to the recycling of these disilanes into monosilanes to allow reintroduction into the siloxane production chain. In this work, disilane cleavage by using alkali and alkaline earth metal salts is reported. The reaction with metal hydrides, in particular lithium hydride (LiH), leads to efficient reduction of chlorine containing disilanes but also induces disproportionation into mono- and oligosilanes. Alkali and alkaline earth chlorides, formed in the course of the reduction, specifically induce disproportionation of highly chlorinated disilanes, whereas highly methylated disilanes (n>3) remain unreacted. Nearly quantitative DPR conversion into monosilanes was achieved by using concentrated HCl/ether solutions in the presence of lithium chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Santowski
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieGoethe-UniversitätMax-von-Laue-Straße 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Alexander G. Sturm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieGoethe-UniversitätMax-von-Laue-Straße 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Kenrick M. Lewis
- Momentive Performance Materials Inc.769 Old Saw Mill River RdTarrytownNY10591USA
| | - Thorsten Felder
- Momentive Performance Materials GmbH, Chempark51368LeverkusenGermany
| | - Max C. Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieGoethe-UniversitätMax-von-Laue-Straße 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Norbert Auner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische ChemieGoethe-UniversitätMax-von-Laue-Straße 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
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3
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Park SJ, Lee ME, Cho HM, Shim S. New Condensation Polymer Precursors Containing Consecutive Silicon Atoms-Decaisopropoxycyclopentasilane and Dodecaethoxyneopentasilane-And Their Sol⁻Gel Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E841. [PMID: 31075930 PMCID: PMC6572446 DOI: 10.3390/polym11050841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sol-gel polymerization of alkoxysilanes is a convenient and widely used method for the synthesis of silicon polymers and silicon-organic composites. The development of new sol-gel precursors is very important for obtaining new types of sol-gel products. New condensation polymer precursors containing consecutive silicon atoms-decaisopropoxycyclopentasilane (CPS) and dodecaethoxyneopentasilane (NPS)-were synthesized for the preparation of polysilane-polysiloxane material. The CPS and NPS xerogels were prepared by the sol-gel polymerization of CPS and NPS under three reaction conditions (acidic, basic and neutral). The CPS and NPS xerogels were characterized using N2 physisorption measurements (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller; BET and Brunauer-Joyner-Halenda; BJH), solid-state CP/MAS (cross-polarization/magic angle spinning) NMRs (nuclear magnetic resonances), TEM, and SEM. Their porosity and morphology were strongly affected by the structure of the precursors, and partial oxidative cleavage of Si-Si bonds occurred during the sol-gel process. The new condensation polymer precursors are expected to expand the choice of approaches for new polysilane-polysiloxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Research and Education Center for Advanced Silicon Materials, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea.
| | - Myong Euy Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Research and Education Center for Advanced Silicon Materials, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 26493, Korea.
| | - Hyeon Mo Cho
- University College, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea.
| | - Sangdeok Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Sunchon National University, Sunchon 57922, Korea.
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4
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Zhang Y, Li J, Liu H, Ji Y, Zhong Z, Su F. Recent Advances in Rochow‐Müller Process Research: Driving to Molecular Catalysis and to A More Sustainable Silicone Industry. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hezhi Liu
- Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yongjun Ji
- Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Zhongke Langfang Institute of Process Engineering Fenghua Road No 1, Langfang Economic & Technical Development Zone Hebei Province 065001 P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- College of EngineeringGuangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT) 241 Daxue Road, Jinping District Shantou 515063 China
- Department of Chemical EngineeringTechnion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT) Haifa 32 000 Israel
| | - Fabing Su
- Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Institute of Industrial Chemistry and Energy TechnologyUniversity of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142 P. R. China
- Zhongke Langfang Institute of Process Engineering Fenghua Road No 1, Langfang Economic & Technical Development Zone Hebei Province 065001 P. R. China
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5
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Santowski T, Sturm AG, Lewis KM, Felder T, Holthausen MC, Auner N. Synthesis of Functional Monosilanes by Disilane Cleavage with Phosphonium Chlorides. Chemistry 2019; 25:3809-3815. [PMID: 30623999 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Müller-Rochow direct process (DP) for the large-scale production of methylchlorosilanes Men SiCl4-n (n=1-3) generates a disilane residue (Men Si2 Cl6-n , n=1-6, DPR) in thousands of tons annually. This report is on methylchlorodisilane cleavage reactions with use of phosphonium chlorides as the cleavage catalysts and reaction partners to preferably obtain bifunctional monosilanes Mex SiHy Clz (x=2, y=z=1; x,y=1, z=2; x=z=1, y=2). Product formation is controlled by the reaction temperature, the amount of phosphonium chloride employed, the choice of substituents at the phosphorus atom, and optionally by the presence of hydrogen chloride, dissolved in ethers, in the reaction mixture. Replacement of chloro by hydrido substituents at the disilane backbone strongly increases the overall efficiency of disilane cleavage, which allows nearly quantitative silane monomer formation under comparably moderate conditions. This efficient workup of the DPR thus not only increases the economic value of the DP, but also minimizes environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Santowski
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Alexander G Sturm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Kenrick M Lewis
- Momentive Performance Materials Inc., 769 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Thorsten Felder
- Momentive Performance Materials GmbH, Chempark, 51368, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Max C Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Norbert Auner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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6
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Olaru M, Hesse MF, Rychagova E, Ketkov S, Mebs S, Beckmann J. The Weakly Coordinating Tris(trichlorosilyl)silyl Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:16490-16494. [PMID: 29149501 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201710416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Closely following the procedure for the preparation of the base-stabilized dichlorosilylene complex NHCDipp ⋅SiCl2 reported by Roesky, Stalke, and co-workers (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 5683-5686), a few crystals of the salt [NHCDipp -H⋅⋅⋅Cl⋅⋅⋅H-NHCDipp ]Si(SiCl3 )3 were isolated, aside from the reported byproduct [NHCDipp -H+ ⋅⋅⋅Cl- ], and characterized by X-ray crystallography (NHCDipp =N,N-di(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazo-2-ylidene). They contain the weakly coordinating anion Si(SiCl3 )3- , which was also obtained in high yields upon deprotonation of the conjugate Brønsted acid HSi(SiCl3 )3 with NHCDipp or PMP (PMP=1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidine). The acidity of HSi(SiCl3 )3 was estimated by DFT calculations to be substantially higher than those of other H-silanes. Further DFT studies on the electronic structure of Si(SiCl3 )3- , including the electrostatic potential and the electron localizability, confirmed its low basicity and nucleophilicity compared with other silyl anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Maxie F Hesse
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Rychagova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS, 49 Tropinin St., 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Ketkov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS, 49 Tropinin St., 603950, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34/36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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7
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Olaru M, Hesse MF, Rychagova E, Ketkov S, Mebs S, Beckmann J. Das schwach koordinierende Tris(trichlorsilyl)silyl-Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201710416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie; Universität Bremen; Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Deutschland
| | - Maxie F. Hesse
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie; Universität Bremen; Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Elena Rychagova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS; 49 Tropinin St. 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russische Föderation
| | - Sergey Ketkov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry RAS; 49 Tropinin St. 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russische Föderation
| | - Stefan Mebs
- Institut für Experimentalphysik; Freie Universität Berlin; Arnimallee 14 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie; Universität Bremen; Leobener Straße 7 28359 Bremen Deutschland
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Fabeckstraße 34/36 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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8
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Rottschäfer D, Blomeyer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Silylene-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene (Si−NHC). Chemistry 2017; 24:380-387. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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9
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Schweizer JI, Meyer L, Nadj A, Diefenbach M, Holthausen MC. Unraveling the Amine-Induced Disproportionation Reaction of Perchlorinated Silanes-A DFT Study. Chemistry 2016; 22:14328-35. [PMID: 27529545 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia I. Schweizer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Lioba Meyer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Andor Nadj
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Martin Diefenbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Max C. Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Straße 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
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