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Sagara T, Tahara H. Redox of Viologen for Powering and Coloring. CHEM REC 2021; 21:2375-2388. [PMID: 34036724 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viologen is among the most attractive and easiest-to-use organic redox active group in many functional molecular assemblies. It plays crucial roles as an electron transfer mediator in the artificial photo-energy conversion systems and electron-transfer protein assemblies and as a building block of supramolecules. Its features include electrochemically reversible redox activity and stability. Strong blue color and tendency to dimerization of the one-electron reduced form, viologen mono-radical mono-cation, are remarkable. In this Account, we describe the use of viologen to give a powered movement of small molecules and motion of millimetre-sized macroscopic soft-matters and the use of viologen ionic liquid as electrochromic materials. Attractivities of the use of viologen units for powering and coloring are demonstrated and discussed. In particular, we highlight driving of mechanical movements by π-π stacking dimerization, incorporation in a hydrogel to attain highly deformable material, induction of 2D phase transformation, and sharp color change of very thin ionic liquid layer in a compartment-less electrochromic display.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Sagara
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Hironobu Tahara
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Bunkyo 1-14, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
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2
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Adorinni S, Rozhin P, Marchesan S. Smart Hydrogels Meet Carbon Nanomaterials for New Frontiers in Medicine. Biomedicines 2021; 9:570. [PMID: 34070138 PMCID: PMC8158376 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials include diverse structures and morphologies, such as fullerenes, nano-onions, nanodots, nanodiamonds, nanohorns, nanotubes, and graphene-based materials. They have attracted great interest in medicine for their high innovative potential, owing to their unique electronic and mechanical properties. In this review, we describe the most recent advancements in their inclusion in hydrogels to yield smart systems that can respond to a variety of stimuli. In particular, we focus on graphene and carbon nanotubes, for applications that span from sensing and wearable electronics to drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Adorinni
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.A.); (P.R.)
| | - Petr Rozhin
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.A.); (P.R.)
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.A.); (P.R.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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3
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Guan WL, Adam KM, Qiu M, Zhang YM, Yao H, Wei TB, Lin Q. Research progress of redox-responsive supramolecular gel. Supramol Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2020.1846738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Li Guan
- Northwest Normal University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Khalid Mohammed Adam
- Northwest Normal University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Qiu
- Northwest Normal University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - You-Ming Zhang
- Gansu Natural Energy Research Institute, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Northwest Normal University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tai-Bao Wei
- Northwest Normal University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi Lin
- Northwest Normal University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
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4
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Lee S, Muya JT, Chung H, Chang J. Viologen-Bromide Dual-Redox Ionic Solid Complexes: Understanding Their Electrochemical Formation and Proton-Accompanied Redox Chemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43659-43670. [PMID: 31618569 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of self-discharge in a redox-enhanced electrochemical capacitor (Redox-EC) is crucial for excellent energy retention. Heptyl viologen dibromide (HVBr2) was chosen as a strong candidate of a dual-redox species in Redox-EC due to its solid complexations during the charging process, at which HV2+ is electrochemically reduced to HV+• and form a solid complex, [HV+•·Br-], on an anode while Br- is electro-oxidized to Br3- and renders [HV2+·2Br3-] on a cathode. The solid complexes could not transfer across the separator, resulting in significant diminution of the self-discharge. In this Article, we present detailed electrochemical studies of formation of [HV2+·2Br3-] and [HV+•·Br-], their redox features, and galvanic exchange reactions between the two types of dual-redox ionic solids on a Pt ultra-microelectrode (UME) in neutral (0.33 M Na2SO4) and acidic (1 M H2SO4) solutions. Most importantly, through voltammetric and particle-impact electrochemical analyses, we found that the redox and galvanic exchange reactions of the two dual-redox ionic solid complexes involve H+ transfer, which is the key process to limit the overall kinetics of the electrochemical reactions. We also rationalize the proton-accompanied galvanic exchange reaction based on computational simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semi Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro , Seongdong-gu , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jules Tshishimbi Muya
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro , Seongdong-gu , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hoeil Chung
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro , Seongdong-gu , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute for Natural Science , Hanyang University , 222 Wangsimni-ro , Seongdong-gu , Seoul 04763 , Republic of Korea
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5
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Datta S, Dey N, Bhattacharya S. Electrochemical probing of hydrogelation induced by the self-assembly of a donor-acceptor complex comprising pyranine and viologen. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:2371-2374. [PMID: 28165515 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09465a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A long-tailed methyl viologen (DMV) forms a co-assembly (1 : 1) with pyranine to result in pronounced hydrogelation. The systematic evolution of the hydrogel promoted by the donor-acceptor interactions could be probed electrochemically in a non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sougata Datta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. and Director's Research Unit (DRU), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Nilanjan Dey
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. and Director's Research Unit (DRU), Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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6
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Xiao T, Zhang X, Wu J, Yang J, Yang Y. Aliphatic-Alcohol-Induced Opaque-to-Transparent Transformation and Application of Solubility Theory in a Bis-Dipeptide-Based Supramolecular Gel. Chempluschem 2017; 82:879-887. [PMID: 31961561 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A bis-dipeptide supramolecular gelator (DMPV) is prepared, based on l-valine moieties having a pyridinyl group and a long fatty diamine. It is found that the gelator can immobilize organic/water binary mixed solvents, and gel-to-gel transitions with unprecedented opaque-to-transparent transformations are observed upon using aliphatic alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propyl alcohol, and isopropanol as the organic components. Morphological investigations indicate that a reassembly process occurs, and microstructure evolutions from agglomerates to nanofibers are observed. Opaque and transparent assemblies can interconvert, and respond and restore under mechanical force and pH stimuli. Moreover, Hansen and Flory-Huggins parameters are used to investigate the effect of the solvent on the gelation performance of DMPV. This may facilitate the structure and solvent optimizations and aid the development of advanced gel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Wu
- NARI Group Corporation, State Grid electric Power Research Institute, Nanjing, 211106, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
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7
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Li Y, Wang F, Cui H. Peptide-Based Supramolecular Hydrogels for Delivery of Biologics. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:306-322. [PMID: 28989975 PMCID: PMC5629974 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for therapeutic biologics has rapidly grown over recent decades, creating a dramatic shift in the pharmaceutical industry from small molecule drugs to biological macromolecular therapeutics. As a result of their large size and innate instability, the systemic, topical, and local delivery of biologic drugs remains a highly challenging task. Although there exist many types of delivery vehicles, peptides and peptide conjugates have received continuously increasing interest as molecular blocks to create a great diversity of supramolecular nanostructures and hydrogels for the effective delivery of biologics, due to their inherent biocompatibility, tunable biodegradability, and responsiveness to various biological stimuli. In this context, we discuss the design principles of supramolecular hydrogels using small molecule peptides and peptide conjugates as molecular building units, and review the recent effort in using these materials for protein delivery and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StreetBaltimoreMD21218
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StreetBaltimoreMD21218
| | - Feihu Wang
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StreetBaltimoreMD21218
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StreetBaltimoreMD21218
| | - Honggang Cui
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringThe Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StreetBaltimoreMD21218
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, The Johns Hopkins University3400 N Charles StreetBaltimoreMD21218
- Dept. of Oncology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD21205
- Center for NanomedicineThe Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine400 North BroadwayBaltimoreMD21231
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Bhattacharya S, Samanta SK. Soft-Nanocomposites of Nanoparticles and Nanocarbons with Supramolecular and Polymer Gels and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:11967-12028. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Bhattacharya
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India
- Director’s
Research Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Suman K. Samanta
- Director’s
Research Unit, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
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