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Buguis FL, Hsu NSY, Sirohey SA, Adam MC, Goncharova LV, Gilroy JB. Dyads and Triads of Boron Difluoride Formazanate and Boron Difluoride Dipyrromethene Dyes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302548. [PMID: 37725661 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Dye-dye conjugates have attracted significant interest for their utility in applications such as bioimaging, theranostics, and light-harvesting. Many classes of organic dyes have been employed in this regard; however, building blocks don't typically extend beyond small chromophores. This can lead to minor changes to the optoelectronic properties of the original dye. The exploration of dye-dye structures is impeded by long synthetic routes, incompatible synthetic conditions, or a mismatch of the desired properties. Here, we present the first-of-their-kind dye-dye conjugates of boron difluoride complexes of formazanate and dipyrromethene ligands. These conjugates exhibit dual photoluminescence bands that reach the near-infrared spectral region and implicate anti-Kasha processes. Cyclic voltammetry experiments revealed the generation of polyanionic species that can reversibly tolerate the uptake of up to 6 electrons. Ultimately, we demonstrate that BF2 formazanates can serve as a synthetically accessible platform to build upon new classes of dye-dye conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis L Buguis
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London., Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Nathan Sung Y Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London., Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Sofia A Sirohey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London., Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Matheus C Adam
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London., Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Lyudmila V Goncharova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London., Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Joe B Gilroy
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London., Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada
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Ordóñez-Hernández J, Arcos-Ramos R, Alvarez-Venicio V, Basiuk VA, González-Antonio O, Flores-Álamo M, García-Ortega H, Farfán N, Carreón-Castro MDP. Engineering coumarin-BODIPY thin-films and molecular crystals: Tailoring supramolecular self-assembly for organic electronic applications. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kim H, Lee Y, Lee H, Hong JI, Lee D. Click-To-Twist Strategy To Build Blue-to-Green Emitters: Bulky Triazoles for Electronically Tunable and Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:12286-12295. [PMID: 33661594 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of a new chemical moiety is the foundation to build new functional materials. For charge-transfer-type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters, donor, acceptor, and π-spacer are the three key structural components. We invented a "click-to-twist" strategy to prepare a triazole-based acceptor unit that allows for a systematic modulation of the electronic and steric properties to control the excited-state photophysics. Taking the modular approach, six different emitters were prepared by varying the donor strength and π-spacer sterics for mix-and-match. These materials display deep blue to sky blue emissions in solutions, as well as apparent TADF characteristics in doped films. Organic light emitting diodes fabricated with these new TADF materials exhibit high external quantum efficiencies of up to 20.7% and maximum luminance of 6823 cd m-2. Building upon an intuitive and operationally straightforward method to build sterically congested molecules, this work showcases a new strategy to diversify TADF emitters by a mechanism-based design and modular synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsik Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Youngnam Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyeonho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jong-In Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Lee M, Kang SI, Song S, Kim H, Lee D. Sharp Turns and Fluorescent Repeats: Modular Construction and Shape-Dependent Electronic Properties of π-Conjugated Chain Molecules. Chempluschem 2021; 86:313-318. [PMID: 33620771 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In search of the design rules for structural ordering of open-chain molecules, we have built a series of zig-zag shaped π-conjugated structures with ring-fused heteroaromatics as sharp turns and tolane-based linear fragments as light-emitting units. Using only a finite number of common building blocks, an efficient "double-elongation" strategy was implemented to construct a series of π-conjugated oligomers with precise length control (55-89 % yields). Our approach takes advantage of the modular nature of the bis(triazolo)benzene synthesis and the masked reactivity of the nitro group. A combination of photophysical and DFT computational studies revealed that the bis(triazolo)benzene-tolane repeat units behave as electronically decoupled light-absorbing/emitting units (λmax,em = 408-422 nm; ΦF = 20-25 % in THF). Such context-independent photophysical properties promise their potential applications in chemical sensing and switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milim Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Il Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Song
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsik Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Kang SI, Lee M, Lee D. Weak Links To Differentiate Weak Bonds: Size-Selective Response of π-Conjugated Macrocycle Gels to Ammonium Ions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5980-5986. [PMID: 30888168 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular-level host-guest interactions can drive gel-to-sol phase transitions of the bulk material. Using supramolecular gels constructed from π-conjugated aza-crown macrocycles, we have investigated the effects of guest chemical structures on the kinetics of gel disassembly. While ammonium ions bind only weakly to the individual macrocycles in solution, gel-to-sol transitions of self-assembled macrocycles occur readily under ambient conditions. This net signal amplification process was monitored conveniently by time-dependent spectroscopic studies to reveal a straightforward correlation between the response rate and shape/size of the guest species. Well-designed weak links thus respond to subtle differences in weak bonds and translate them into visually discernible macroscopic signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Il Kang
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Milim Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , Seoul 08826 , Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu , Seoul 08826 , Korea
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Kim S, Castillo HD, Lee M, Mortensen RD, Tait SL, Lee D. From Foldable Open Chains to Shape-Persistent Macrocycles: Synthesis, Impact on 2D Ordering, and Stimulated Self-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soobin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Henry D. Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Milim Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Riley D. Mortensen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Steven L. Tait
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea
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Kang T, Kim H, Lee D. Triazoliptycenes: A Twist on Iptycene Chemistry for Regioselective Cross-Coupling To Build Nonstacking Fluorophores. Org Lett 2017; 19:6380-6383. [PMID: 29144765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Triazoliptycene fluorophores have been designed and synthesized, in which a three-dimensional propeller-like iptycene motif is employed to suppress intermolecular π-π stacking in the solid state. Key to the success of this modular synthesis is a stereoelectronic bias imposed by the iptycene scaffold, which assists the desired regioselectivity in the C-N cross-coupling step as the last-stage structure diversification from a common precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewon Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hongsik Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
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Goudappagouda G, Wakchaure VC, Ranjeesh KC, Abhai CAR, Babu SS. Cascade energy transfer and tunable emission from nanosheet hybrids: locating acceptor molecules through chiral doping. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02994b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A donor–acceptor–donor triad with excellent intramolecular energy transfer (99%) exhibits cascade energy transfer in the presence of second acceptors leading to tunable emission colours. Chiral acceptor doping enables chiral induction and to locate acceptors in the donor scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goudappagouda Goudappagouda
- Organic Chemistry Division
- National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Vivek Chandrakant Wakchaure
- Organic Chemistry Division
- National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Kayaramkodath Chandran Ranjeesh
- Organic Chemistry Division
- National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | | | - Sukumaran Santhosh Babu
- Organic Chemistry Division
- National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL)
- Pune-411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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