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Andriani F, Lawoko M. Oxidative Carboxylation of Lignin: Exploring Reactivity of Different Lignin Types. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4246-4254. [PMID: 38868864 PMCID: PMC11238328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The increased interest in the utilization of lignin in biobased applications is evident from the rise in lignin valorization studies. The present study explores the responsiveness of lignin toward oxidative valorization using acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The pristine lignins and their oxidized equivalents were analyzed comprehensively using NMR and SEC. The study revealed ring opening of phenolic rings yielding muconic acid- and ester-end groups and side-chain oxidations of the benzylic hydroxyls. Syringyl units were more responsive to these reactions than guaiacyl units. The high selectivity of the reaction yielded oligomeric oxidation products with a narrower dispersity than pristine lignins. Mild alkaline hydrolysis of methyl esters enhanced the carboxylic acid content of oxidized lignin, presenting the potential to adjust the carboxylic acid content of lignin. While oxidation reactions in lignin valorization are well documented, this study showed the feasibility of employing optimized oxidation conditions to engineer tailored lignin-based material precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fika Andriani
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Lawoko
- Division of Wood Chemistry and Pulp Technology, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Xu E, Xie F, Liu T, He J, Zhang Y. Photocatalytic, Oxidative Cleavage of C-C Bond in Lignin Models and Native Lignin. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304209. [PMID: 38372165 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
It is challenging to realize the selective C-C bond cleavage of lignin β-O-4 linkages for production of high-value aromatic chemicals due to its intrinsic inertness and complex structure. Here we report a light-driven, chlorine-radical-based protocol to realize the oxidative C-C bond cleavage in various lignin model compounds catalyzed by commercially available TPT and CaCl2, achieving high conversion and good to high product yields at room temperature. Mechanistic studies reveal that the preferential activation of Cβ-H bond facilitates the oxidation and C-C bond cleavage of lignin β-O-4 model via chlorine radical. Furthermore, this method is also applicable to the depolymerization of natural lignin extracts, furnishing the aromatic oxygenates from the cleavage of Cα-Cβ bonds. This study provides experimental foundations to the depolymerization and valorization of lignin into high value-added aromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enjie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Fuyu Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tianwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
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3
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Wen P, Chen Z, Lian Z, Zhang J. Efficient production of high concentration monosaccharides and ethanol from poplar wood after delignification and deacetylation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129459. [PMID: 37419287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis is required for production of high concentration monosaccharides and ethanol. The lignin and acetyl group in poplar can limit the enzymatic hydrolysis. However, the effect of delignification combined with deacetylation on the saccharification of poplar for high concentration monosaccharides was not clear. Herein, hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAA) was used for delignification and sodium hydroxide was used for deacetylation to enhance the hydrolyzability of poplar. Delignification with 60% HPAA at 80 °C could remove 81.9% lignin. Acetyl group was completely removed with 0.5% NaOH at 60 °C. After saccharification, 318.1 g/L monosaccharides were obtained with a poplar loading of 35% (w/v). After simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, 114.9 g/L bioethanol was gained from delignified and deacetylated poplar. Those results showed the highest monosaccharides and ethanol concentrations in reported research. This developed strategy with relatively low temperature could effectively improve the production of high concentration monosaccharide and ethanol from poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Wen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhangjing Chen
- Department of Sustainable Biomaterials Virginia Tech University, 1650 Research Center Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Zhina Lian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210037, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Green Biomass-based Fuels and Chemicals, Nanjing 210037, China.
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4
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Oliveira L, Pereira M, Pacheli Heitman A, Filho J, Oliveira C, Ziolek M. Niobium: The Focus on Catalytic Application in the Conversion of Biomass and Biomass Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:1527. [PMID: 36838514 PMCID: PMC9960283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The world scenario regarding consumption and demand for products based on fossil fuels has demonstrated the imperative need to develop new technologies capable of using renewable resources. In this context, the use of biomass to obtain chemical intermediates and fuels has emerged as an important area of research in recent years, since it is a renewable source of carbon in great abundance. It has the benefit of not contributing to the additional emission of greenhouse gases since the CO2 released during the energy conversion process is consumed by it through photosynthesis. In the presented review, the authors provide an update of the literature in the field of biomass transformation with the use of niobium-containing catalysts, emphasizing the versatility of niobium compounds for the conversion of different types of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Campus Pampulha, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcio Pereira
- Instituto de Ciência, Engenharia e Tecnologia, Campus Mucuri, Universidade Federal dos Vales Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Teófilo Otoni 39803-371, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Pacheli Heitman
- Departamento de Química, Campus Pampulha, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - José Filho
- Departamento de Química, Campus Pampulha, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Cinthia Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Campus Pampulha, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Ziolek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Zhu J, Jiao N, Li H, Xu G, Zhang H, Xu Y. p-Toluenesulfonic acid combined with hydrogen peroxide-assisted pretreatment improves the production of fermentable sugars from walnut (Juglans regia L.) shells. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 355:127300. [PMID: 35562025 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study presents p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH) pretreatment combined with subsequent hydrogen-peroxide pretreatment for the fractionation of all lignocellulosic components from walnut shells (WNS). The main focus of this study is the production of fermentable sugars. During p-TsOH pretreatment (55% p-TsOH, 1:10 solid-to-liquid ratio, 90 °C, 120 min), 50.2% of lignin and 88.3% of xylan were dissolved. Subsequently, the p-TsOH pretreated WNS without washing (to reduce water consumption) was further pretreated with 40% (v/v) H2O2 and 74.6% of lignin was removed at 60 °C for 120 min. Compared with the glucose yield of 10.2% from p-TsOH pretreated WNS, the glucose yield from the p-TsOH/H2O2 pretreated WNS could be significantly improved to 94.4%. Structural characterization analysis showed increases in porosity, biomass disruption, and cellulose crystallinity during p-TsOH/H2O2 pretreatment. Mass balance demonstrated that 1000 g of WNS produced 295.1 g of fermentable sugars (263.6 g glucose and 31.5 g xylose).
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China.
| | - Ningxin Jiao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Haoran Li
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Guangliu Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, PR China
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Jian T, Zhou Y, Wang P, Yang W, Mu P, Zhang X, Zhang X, Chen CL. Highly stable and tunable peptoid/hemin enzymatic mimetics with natural peroxidase-like activities. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3025. [PMID: 35641490 PMCID: PMC9156750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing tunable and stable peroxidase mimetics with high catalytic efficiency provides a promising opportunity to improve and expand enzymatic catalysis in lignin depolymerization. A class of peptoid-based peroxidase mimetics with tunable catalytic activity and high stability is developed by constructing peptoids and hemins into self-assembled crystalline nanomaterials. By varying peptoid side chain chemistry to tailor the microenvironment of active sites, these self-assembled peptoid/hemin nanomaterials (Pep/hemin) exhibit highly modulable catalytic activities toward two lignin model substrates 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine. Among them, a Pep/hemin complex containing the pyridyl side chain showed the best catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km = 5.81 × 10−3 s−1). These Pep/hemin catalysts are highly stable; kinetics studies suggest that they follow a peroxidase-like mechanism. Moreover, they exhibit a high efficacy on depolymerization of a biorefinery lignin. Because Pep/hemin catalysts are highly robust and tunable, we expect that they offer tremendous opportunities for lignin valorization to high value products. Peroxidase mimics are currently being investigated as catalysts for lignin depolymerisation. In this article, the authors investigate a class of self-assembled and highly stable peptoid/hemin nanomaterials as peroxidase mimics that are highly stable and tuneable for the depolymerisation of a biorefinery lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyue Jian
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Yicheng Zhou
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.,The Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Peipei Wang
- The Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Wenchao Yang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Mu
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering Program, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- The Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA, 99354, USA.
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99352, USA. .,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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7
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Catalytic Liquefaction of Highly Inert Refining Residue over an Attapulgite-Supported Niobium Catalyst. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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8
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Tian D, Chen Y, Shen F, Luo M, Huang M, Hu J, Zhang Y, Deng S, Zhao L. Self-generated peroxyacetic acid in phosphoric acid plus hydrogen peroxide pretreatment mediated lignocellulose deconstruction and delignification. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:224. [PMID: 34823568 PMCID: PMC8614055 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02075-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxyacetic acid involved chemical pretreatment is effective in lignocellulose deconstruction and oxidation. However, these peroxyacetic acid are usually artificially added. Our previous work has shown that the newly developed PHP pretreatment (phosphoric acid plus hydrogen peroxide) is promising in lignocellulose biomass fractionation through an aggressive oxidation process, while the information about the synergistic effect between H3PO4 and H2O2 is quite lack, especially whether some strong oxidant intermediates is existed. In this work, we reported the PHP pretreatment system could self-generate peroxyacetic acid oxidant, which mediated the overall lignocellulose deconstruction, and hemicellulose/lignin degradation. RESULTS The PHP pretreatment profile on wheat straw and corn stalk were investigated. The pathways/mechanisms of peroxyacetic acid mediated-PHP pretreatment were elucidated through tracing the structural changes of each component. Results showed that hemicellulose was almost completely solubilized and removed, corresponding to about 87.0% cellulose recovery with high digestibility. Rather high degrees of delignification of 83.5% and 90.0% were achieved for wheat straw and corn stalk, respectively, with the aid of peroxyacetic acid oxidation. A clearly positive correlation was found between the concentration of peroxyacetic acid and the extent of lignocellulose deconstruction. Peroxyacetic acid was mainly self-generated through H2O2 oxidation of acetic acid that was produced from hemicellulose deacetylation and lignin degradation. The self-generated peroxyacetic acid then further contributed to lignocellulose deconstruction and delignification. CONCLUSIONS The synergistic effect of H3PO4 and H2O2 in the PHP solvent system could efficiently deconstruct wheat straw and corn stalk lignocellulose through an oxidation-mediated process. The main function of H3PO4 was to deconstruct biomass recalcitrance and degrade hemicellulose through acid hydrolysis, while the function of H2O2 was to facilitate the formation of peroxyacetic acid. Peroxyacetic acid with stronger oxidation ability was generated through the reaction between H2O2 and acetic acid, which was released from xylan and lignin oxidation/degradation. This work elucidated the generation and function of peroxyacetic acid in the PHP pretreatment system, and also provide useful information to tailor peroxide-involved pretreatment routes, especially at acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tian
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Shen
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Maoyuan Luo
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Huang
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinguang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yanzong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihuai Deng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Costa CAE, Vega-Aguilar CA, Rodrigues AE. Added-Value Chemicals from Lignin Oxidation. Molecules 2021; 26:4602. [PMID: 34361756 PMCID: PMC8346967 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin is the second most abundant component, next to cellulose, in lignocellulosic biomass. Large amounts of this polymer are produced annually in the pulp and paper industries as a coproduct from the cooking process-most of it burned as fuel for energy. Strategies regarding lignin valorization have attracted significant attention over the recent decades due to lignin's aromatic structure. Oxidative depolymerization allows converting lignin into added-value compounds, as phenolic monomers and/or dicarboxylic acids, which could be an excellent alternative to aromatic petrochemicals. However, the major challenge is to enhance the reactivity and selectivity of the lignin structure towards depolymerization and prevent condensation reactions. This review includes a comprehensive overview of the main contributions of lignin valorization through oxidative depolymerization to produce added-value compounds (vanillin and syringaldehyde) that have been developed over the recent decades in the LSRE group. An evaluation of the valuable products obtained from oxidation in an alkaline medium with oxygen of lignins and liquors from different sources and delignification processes is also provided. A review of C4 dicarboxylic acids obtained from lignin oxidation is also included, emphasizing catalytic conversion by O2 or H2O2 oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina A. Esteves Costa
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.E.C.); (C.A.V.-A.)
| | - Carlos A. Vega-Aguilar
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.E.C.); (C.A.V.-A.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha−CIMO, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Alírio E. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.E.C.); (C.A.V.-A.)
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10
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Wen P, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Xu Y, Zhang J. Alkaline post-incubation improves the saccharification of poplar after hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid pretreatment. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:151. [PMID: 34215309 PMCID: PMC8254297 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01999-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid (HPAA) is widely used in pretreatment of lignocellulose because it has a good capability in selective delignification. However, high concentration (more than 60%) of HPAA increases the cost of pretreatment and the risk of explosion. In this work, alkaline post-incubation was employed to decrease the HPAA loading and improve the saccharification of poplar. RESULTS Pretreatment with 100% HPAA removed 91.0% lignin and retained 89.9% glucan in poplar. After poplar was pretreated by 100% HPAA at 60 °C for 2 h, the glucan conversion in enzymatic hydrolysis by cellulase increased to 90.1%. Alkaline incubation reduced the total lignin, surface lignin, and acetyl group of HPAA-pretreated poplar. More than 92% acetyl groups of HPAA-pretreated poplar were removed by alkaline incubation with 1.0% NaOH at 50 °C for 1 h. After incubation of 60% HPAA-pretreated poplar with 1.0% NaOH, the glucan conversion enhanced to 95.0%. About 40% HPAA loading in pretreatment was reduced by alkaline incubation without the decrease of glucose yield. CONCLUSIONS Alkaline post-incubation had strong ability on the deacetylation and delignification of HPAA-pretreated poplar, exhibiting a strong promotion on the enzymatic hydrolysis yield. This report represented alkaline incubation reduced the HPAA loading, improved pretreatment safety, exhibiting excellent potential application in saccharification of poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Wen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210037 China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
| | - Junjun Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Yong Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210037 China
| | - Junhua Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 China
- Key Laboratory of Forestry Genetics & Biotechnology (Nanjing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210037 China
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100 China
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11
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Zhou Y, Han Y, Li G, Xiong F, Chu F. Lignin-based fluorescence hollow nanoparticles: Their preparation, characterization, and encapsulation properties for doxorubicin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:2136-2142. [PMID: 33091475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lignin shows strong adsorption, biodegradability and non-toxicity, and has opened a research hotspot in the design and manufacture of controllable nanomaterials for drug delivery. However, lignin-based materials, with both diagnostic and therapeutic functions, have yet to be developed. In this work, enzymatically hydrolysable lignin (EHL) was used to prepare blue fluorescent lignin copolymer by grafting 1-Pyrenebutyric acid onto lignin via amidation reaction and then formed self-assembled nanoparticles. The results show that such lignin-based hollow nanoparticles exhibit characteristics of fluorescent functions, size controlled and stable structure within 15 days. For anticancer drug Doxorubicin, the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading reached, respectively, 50% and 10%. This encapsulation had no cytotoxicity, and sustained-release effect on the drug. The aim of this study was to develop the multifunctional bio-nanomaterials for medical applications, through simple, environmentally friendly, low-cost methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100089, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Road, Yancheng 224051, China; Jiangsu Province Biomass Energy and Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Longpan Road, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yanming Han
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Gaiyun Li
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Fuquan Xiong
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100089, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Shaoshan South Road, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Fuxiang Chu
- Research Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Xiangshan Road, Beijing 100089, China.
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12
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Peracetic acid-induced kraft lignin solubilization and its characterization for selective production of macromolecular biopolymers. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:1240-1246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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13
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Lutzke A, Morey KJ, Medford JI, Kipper MJ. Detailed characterization of Pinus ponderosa sporopollenin by infrared spectroscopy. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 170:112195. [PMID: 31743799 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In plant spores and pollen, sporopollenin occurs as a structural polymer with remarkable resistance to chemical degradation. This recalcitrant polymer is well-suited to analysis by non-destructive infrared spectroscopy. However, existing infrared characterization of sporopollenin has been limited in scope and occasionally contradictory. This study provides a comprehensive structural analysis of sporopollenin in the Pinus ponderosa pollen exine using infrared spectroscopy, including detailed band assignments, descriptions of chemical reactivity, and comparison to multiple reference substances. We observe that the infrared spectral characteristics of sporopollenin prepared by enzymatic digestion of the polysaccharide-based intine are largely consistent with a copolymer of aliphatic lipids and trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, without distinct contributions from α-pyrone or carotenoid substructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Lutzke
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Kevin J Morey
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - June I Medford
- Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Matt J Kipper
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA.
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Chan JC, Paice M, Zhang X. Enzymatic Oxidation of Lignin: Challenges and Barriers Toward Practical Applications. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jou C. Chan
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University 2710 Crimson Way Richland WA-99354 USA
| | - Michael Paice
- FPInnovations Pulp Paper & Bioproducts 2665 East Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering Washington State University 2710 Crimson Way Richland WA-99354 USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 520 Battelle Boulevard P.O. Box 999, MSIN P8-60 Richland WA-99352 USA
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15
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Choi JH, Park SY, Kim JH, Cho SM, Jang SK, Hong C, Choi IG. Selective deconstruction of hemicellulose and lignin with producing derivatives by sequential pretreatment process for biorefining concept. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 291:121913. [PMID: 31387050 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For improving the economic efficiency of the biorefining concept, selective decomposition and separation of biomass components is indispensable. In this respect, a sequential pretreatment process consisting of liquid hot water treatment and diluted peracetic acid (PAA) treatment was proposed for total utilization of lignocellulosic woody biomass. During the liquid hot water treatment, hemicellulose can be decomposed efficiently without significant loss of cellulose and lignin, implying the possibility for xylooligomer production by thermochemical treatment. In the PAA treatment, lignin was successfully degraded and liquefied using a 50% diluted PAA solvent, suggesting the possibility of dicarboxylic acid production. After the sequential process proposed in this study, the cellulose accessibility to the enzyme could be maximized by inducing selective deconstruction of hemicellulose and lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Ho Choi
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Yeong Park
- Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Kim
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Cho
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyeong Jang
- Center for Bio-based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changyoung Hong
- Department of Forest Biomaterials College of Natural Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - In-Gyu Choi
- Department of Forest Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea.
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Son D, Gu S, Choi JW, Suh DJ, Jae J, Choi J, Ha JM. Production of phenolic hydrocarbons from organosolv lignin and lignocellulose feedstocks of hardwood, softwood, grass and agricultural waste. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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17
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18
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Lin KT, Ma R, Wang P, Xin J, Zhang J, Wolcott MP, Zhang X. Deep Eutectic Solvent Assisted Facile Synthesis of Lignin-Based Cryogel. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ting Lin
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering Bioproducts, Science & Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Ruoshui Ma
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering Bioproducts, Science & Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Peipei Wang
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering Bioproducts, Science & Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Junna Xin
- Composite Materials & Engineering Center, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- Composite Materials & Engineering Center, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Michael P. Wolcott
- Composite Materials & Engineering Center, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering Bioproducts, Science & Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
- Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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Alternatives for Chemical and Biochemical Lignin Valorization: Hot Topics from a Bibliometric Analysis of the Research Published During the 2000–2016 Period. Processes (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/pr6080098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A complete bibliometric analysis of the Scopus database was performed to identify the research trends related to lignin valorization from 2000 to 2016. The results from this analysis revealed an exponentially increasing number of publications and a high relevance of interdisciplinary collaboration. The simultaneous valorization of the three main components of lignocellulosic biomass (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) has been revealed as a key aspect and optimal pretreatment is required for the subsequent lignin valorization. Research covers the determination of the lignin structure, isolation, and characterization; depolymerization by thermal and thermochemical methods; chemical, biochemical and biological conversion of depolymerized lignin; and lignin applications. Most methods for lignin depolymerization are focused on the selective cleavage of the β-O-4 linkage. Although many depolymerization methods have been developed, depolymerization with sodium hydroxide is the dominant process at industrial scale. Oxidative conversion of lignin is the most used method for the chemical lignin upgrading. Lignin uses can be classified according to its structure into lignin-derived aromatic compounds, lignin-derived carbon materials and lignin-derived polymeric materials. There are many advances in all approaches, but lignin-derived polymeric materials appear as a promising option.
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Ma R, Zhang X, Wang Y, Zhang X. New Insights Toward Quantitative Relationships between Lignin Reactivity to Monomers and Their Structural Characteristics. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:2146-2155. [PMID: 29702732 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201800550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous and complex structural characteristics of lignin present a significant challenge to predict its processability (e.g., depolymerization, modifications etc.) to valuable products. This study provides a detailed characterization and comparison of structural properties of seven representative biorefinery lignin samples derived from forest and agricultural residues, which were subjected to representative pretreatment methods. A range of wet chemistry and spectroscopy methods were applied to determine specific lignin structural characteristics such as functional groups, inter-unit linkages, and peak molecular weight. In parallel, oxidative depolymerization of these lignin samples to either monomeric phenolic compounds or dicarboxylic acids were conducted, and the product yields were quantified. Based on these results (lignin structural characteristics and monomer yields), we applied for the first time the multivariable linear estimation (MVLE) approach using R Statistics (an open-source programming language and software environment for statistical computing and graphics) to gain insight toward a quantitative correlation between lignin structural properties and their conversion reactivity toward oxidative depolymerization to monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshui Ma
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- College of Materials and Textiles, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Civil Engineering, Portland State University, 1825 SW Broadway, Portland, OR, 97207, USA
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Voiland School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
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Vangeel T, Schutyser W, Renders T, Sels BF. Perspective on Lignin Oxidation: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:30. [PMID: 29974271 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lignin valorization has gained increasing attention over the past decade. Being the world's largest source of renewable aromatics, its valorization could pave the way towards more profitable and more sustainable lignocellulose biorefineries. Many lignin valorization strategies focus on the disassembly of lignin into aromatic monomers, which can serve as platform molecules for the chemical industry. Within this framework, the oxidative conversion of lignin is of great interest because it enables the formation of highly functionalized, valuable compounds. This work provides a brief overview and critical discussion of lignin oxidation research. In the first part, oxidative conversion of lignin models and isolated lignin streams is reviewed. The second part highlights a number of challenges with respect to the substrate, catalyst, and operating conditions, and proposes some future directions regarding the oxidative conversion of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Vangeel
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Schutyser
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Renders
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert F Sels
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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Schutyser W, Renders T, Van den Bosch S, Koelewijn SF, Beckham GT, Sels BF. Chemicals from lignin: an interplay of lignocellulose fractionation, depolymerisation, and upgrading. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:852-908. [PMID: 29318245 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00566k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 830] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of more sustainable and competitive biorefineries, the effective valorisation of lignin is key. An alluring opportunity is the exploitation of lignin as a resource for chemicals. Three technological biorefinery aspects will determine the realisation of a successful lignin-to-chemicals valorisation chain, namely (i) lignocellulose fractionation, (ii) lignin depolymerisation, and (iii) upgrading towards targeted chemicals. This review provides a summary and perspective of the extensive research that has been devoted to each of these three interconnected biorefinery aspects, ranging from industrially well-established techniques to the latest cutting edge innovations. To navigate the reader through the overwhelming collection of literature on each topic, distinct strategies/topics were delineated and summarised in comprehensive overview figures. Upon closer inspection, conceptual principles arise that rationalise the success of certain methodologies, and more importantly, can guide future research to further expand the portfolio of promising technologies. When targeting chemicals, a key objective during the fractionation and depolymerisation stage is to minimise lignin condensation (i.e. formation of resistive carbon-carbon linkages). During fractionation, this can be achieved by either (i) preserving the (native) lignin structure or (ii) by tolerating depolymerisation of the lignin polymer but preventing condensation through chemical quenching or physical removal of reactive intermediates. The latter strategy is also commonly applied in the lignin depolymerisation stage, while an alternative approach is to augment the relative rate of depolymerisation vs. condensation by enhancing the reactivity of the lignin structure towards depolymerisation. Finally, because depolymerised lignins often consist of a complex mixture of various compounds, upgrading of the raw product mixture through convergent transformations embodies a promising approach to decrease the complexity. This particular upgrading approach is termed funneling, and includes both chemocatalytic and biological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schutyser
- Center for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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