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Canturk B, Erarslan Z, Gurdal Y. Noncovalent chemistry of xenon opens the door for anesthetic xenon recovery using Bio-MOFs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27264-27275. [PMID: 37791455 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03066k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Designing an inexpensive and highly efficient recovery process for xenon (Xe) is gaining importance in the development of sustainable applications. Using metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for separating Xe from anesthetic gas mixtures has been a recent topic studied rarely and superficially in the literature. We theoretically investigated Xe recovery performances of 43 biological MOFs (Bio-MOFs) formed by biocompatible metal cations and biological endogenous linkers. Xe uptakes and Xe permeabilities in its binary mixtures with CO2, O2, and N2 were investigated by applying Grand Canonical Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics simulations. Materials with metalloporphyrin, hexacarboxylate, triazine, or pyrazole ligands, dimetallic paddlewheel units, relatively large pore sizes (PLD > 5 Å and LCD > 10 Å), large void fractions (≈0.8), and large surface areas (>2900 m2 g-1) have been determined as top performing Bio-MOFs for Xe recovery. By applying Density Functional Theory simulations and generating electron density difference maps, we determined that Xe-host interactions in the top performing Bio-MOFs are maximized mainly due to noncovalent interactions of Xe, such as charge-induced dipole and aerogen-π interactions. Polarized Xe atoms in the vicinity of cations/anions as well as π systems are fingerprints of enhanced guest-host interactions. Our results show examples of rarely studied aerogen interactions that play a critical role in selective adsorption of Xe in nanoporous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behra Canturk
- Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Balcalι Mah. Güney Kampüs 10 Sokak No. 1U, 01250 Sarιçam, Adana, Türkiye.
| | - Zekiye Erarslan
- Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Balcalι Mah. Güney Kampüs 10 Sokak No. 1U, 01250 Sarιçam, Adana, Türkiye.
| | - Yeliz Gurdal
- Department of Bioengineering, Adana Alparslan Türkeş Science and Technology University, Balcalι Mah. Güney Kampüs 10 Sokak No. 1U, 01250 Sarιçam, Adana, Türkiye.
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Pérez-Botella E, Valencia S, Rey F. Zeolites in Adsorption Processes: State of the Art and Future Prospects. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17647-17695. [PMID: 36260918 PMCID: PMC9801387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Zeolites have been widely used as catalysts, ion exchangers, and adsorbents since their industrial breakthrough in the 1950s and continue to be state-of the-art adsorbents in many separation processes. Furthermore, their properties make them materials of choice for developing and emerging separation applications. The aim of this review is to put into context the relevance of zeolites and their use and prospects in adsorption technology. It has been divided into three different sections, i.e., zeolites, adsorption on nanoporous materials, and chemical separations by zeolites. In the first section, zeolites are explained in terms of their structure, composition, preparation, and properties, and a brief review of their applications is given. In the second section, the fundamentals of adsorption science are presented, with special attention to its industrial application and our case of interest, which is adsorption on zeolites. Finally, the state-of-the-art relevant separations related to chemical and energy production, in which zeolites have a practical or potential applicability, are presented. The replacement of some of the current separation methods by optimized adsorption processes using zeolites could mean an improvement in terms of sustainability and energy savings. Different separation mechanisms and the underlying adsorption properties that make zeolites interesting for these applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fernando Rey
- . Phone: +34 96 387 78 00.
Fax: +34 96 387 94
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Sala A, Pérez‐Botella E, Jordá JL, Cantín A, Rey F, Valencia S. ITQ‐69: A Germanium‐Containing Zeolite and its Synthesis, Structure Determination, and Adsorption Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Sala
- Instituto de Tecnología Química Universitat Politècnica de València—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC) Av. de los Naranjos, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Eduardo Pérez‐Botella
- Instituto de Tecnología Química Universitat Politècnica de València—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC) Av. de los Naranjos, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Jose L. Jordá
- Instituto de Tecnología Química Universitat Politècnica de València—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC) Av. de los Naranjos, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Angel Cantín
- Instituto de Tecnología Química Universitat Politècnica de València—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC) Av. de los Naranjos, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Fernando Rey
- Instituto de Tecnología Química Universitat Politècnica de València—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC) Av. de los Naranjos, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Susana Valencia
- Instituto de Tecnología Química Universitat Politècnica de València—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC) Av. de los Naranjos, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
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4
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Sala A, Pérez-Botella E, Jordá JL, Cantín A, Rey F, Valencia S. ITQ-69: A Germanium-Containing Zeolite and its Synthesis, Structure Determination, and Adsorption Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11745-11750. [PMID: 33621374 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new zeolite named as ITQ-69, has been synthesized, characterized and its application as selective adsorbent for industrially relevant light olefins/paraffins separations has been assessed. This material has been obtained as pure germania as well as silica-germania zeolites with different Si/Ge ratios using a diquaternary ammonium cation as organic structure directing agent. Its structure was determined by single-crystal X-Ray diffraction showing a triclinic unit cell forming a tridirectional small pore channel system (8×8×8R). Also, it has been found that Si preferentially occupies some special T sites of the structure as deduced from Rietveld analysis of the powder X-ray diffraction patterns. In addition, the new zeolite ITQ-69 has been found to be stable upon calcination and thus, its adsorption properties were evaluated, showing a promising kinetic selectivity for light olefin separations in the C3 fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Sala
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Av. de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Botella
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Av. de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose L Jordá
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Av. de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Cantín
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Av. de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Rey
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Av. de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Valencia
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UPV-CSIC), Av. de los Naranjos, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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5
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Abstract
AbstractNanoporous solids are ubiquitous in chemical, energy, and environmental processes, where controlled transport of molecules through the pores plays a crucial role. They are used as sorbents, chromatographic or membrane materials for separations, and as catalysts and catalyst supports. Defined as materials where confinement effects lead to substantial deviations from bulk diffusion, nanoporous materials include crystalline microporous zeotypes and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and a number of semi-crystalline and amorphous mesoporous solids, as well as hierarchically structured materials, containing both nanopores and wider meso- or macropores to facilitate transport over macroscopic distances. The ranges of pore sizes, shapes, and topologies spanned by these materials represent a considerable challenge for predicting molecular diffusivities, but fundamental understanding also provides an opportunity to guide the design of new nanoporous materials to increase the performance of transport limited processes. Remarkable progress in synthesis increasingly allows these designs to be put into practice. Molecular simulation techniques have been used in conjunction with experimental measurements to examine in detail the fundamental diffusion processes within nanoporous solids, to provide insight into the free energy landscape navigated by adsorbates, and to better understand nano-confinement effects. Pore network models, discrete particle models and synthesis-mimicking atomistic models allow to tackle diffusion in mesoporous and hierarchically structured porous materials, where multiscale approaches benefit from ever cheaper parallel computing and higher resolution imaging. Here, we discuss synergistic combinations of simulation and experiment to showcase theoretical progress and computational techniques that have been successful in predicting guest diffusion and providing insights. We also outline where new fundamental developments and experimental techniques are needed to enable more accurate predictions for complex systems.
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Henkelis SE, Mazur M, Rice CM, Bignami GPM, Wheatley PS, Ashbrook SE, Čejka J, Morris RE. A procedure for identifying possible products in the assembly-disassembly-organization-reassembly (ADOR) synthesis of zeolites. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:781-794. [PMID: 30683939 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-018-0114-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
High-silica zeolites, some of the most important and widely used catalysts in industry, have potential for application across a wide range of traditional and emerging technologies. The many structural topologies of zeolites have a variety of potential uses, so a strong drive to create new zeolites exists. Here, we present a protocol, the assembly-disassembly-organization-reassembly (ADOR) process, for a relatively new method of preparing these important solids. It allows the synthesis of new high-silica zeolites (Si/Al >1,000), whose synthesis is considered infeasible with traditional (solvothermal) methods, offering new topologies that may find novel applications. We show how to identify the optimal conditions (e.g., duration of reaction, temperature, acidity) for ADOR, which is a complex process with different possible outcomes. Following the protocol will allow researchers to identify the different products that are possible from a reaction without recourse to repetitive and time-consuming trial and error. In developing the protocol, germanium-containing UTL zeolites were subjected to hydrolysis conditions using both water and hydrochloric acid as media, which provides an understanding of the effects of temperature and pH on the disassembly (D) and organization (O) steps of the process that define the potential products. Samples were taken from the ongoing reaction periodically over a minimum of 8 h, and each sample was analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction to yield a time course for the reaction at each set of conditions; selected samples were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Henkelis
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Michal Mazur
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cameron M Rice
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Giulia P M Bignami
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Paul S Wheatley
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Sharon E Ashbrook
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK
| | - Jiří Čejka
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Russell E Morris
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK. .,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Krokidas P, Moncho S, Brothers EN, Castier M, Jeong HK, Economou IG. On the Efficient Separation of Gas Mixtures with the Mixed-Linker Zeolitic-Imidazolate Framework-7-8. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:39631-39644. [PMID: 30354063 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A recently reported modification of the zeolitic-imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) with partial replacement of the 2-methylimidazolate (mIm) linker with benzimidazolate (bIm), namely ZIF-7-8, is investigated with molecular simulations using a first-time reported force field. The size of the ZIF-7-8 aperture, which governs the gas-separation efficiency of this material and which has not been estimated before for this modification, is smaller than that of the original ZIF-8. The diffusivities of CO2, N2, and CH4 estimated through transition state theory calculations result in remarkably high diffusion selectivities for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 mixtures. This performance enhancement is investigated in terms of structural flexibility in the form of the aperture motion through extensive estimation of the effective diameter, the total effective area, and the motion of the aperture linkers, of both ZIF-8 and ZIF-7-8. Both apertures exhibit an oscillation through the rotation of the linkers, which are adjusted according to the size of the penetrant molecules the moment they pass through it. Finally, a subsequent analysis reveals that there is strong dependency of the separation performance on the bIm-to-mIm ratio: below 33% bIm incorporation, the appearance of ZIF-8-alike wide apertures decreases dramatically the size-based selectivity of the mixtures in ZIF-7-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hae-Kwon Jeong
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-3122 , United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843-3003 , United States
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Bereciartua PJ, Cantín Á, Corma A, Jordá JL, Palomino M, Rey F, Valencia S, Corcoran EW, Kortunov P, Ravikovitch PI, Burton A, Yoon C, Wang Y, Paur C, Guzman J, Bishop AR, Casty GL. Control of zeolite framework flexibility and pore topology for separation of ethane and ethylene. Science 2018; 358:1068-1071. [PMID: 29170235 DOI: 10.1126/science.aao0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new materials for separating ethylene from ethane by adsorption, instead of using cryogenic distillation, is a key milestone for molecular separations because of the multiple and widely extended uses of these molecules in industry. This technique has the potential to provide tremendous energy savings when compared with the currently used cryogenic distillation process for ethylene produced through steam cracking. Here we describe the synthesis and structural determination of a flexible pure silica zeolite (ITQ-55). This material can kinetically separate ethylene from ethane with an unprecedented selectivity of ~100, owing to its distinctive pore topology with large heart-shaped cages and framework flexibility. Control of such properties extends the boundaries for applicability of zeolites to challenging separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Bereciartua
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Cantín
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - José L Jordá
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Palomino
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Rey
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Susana Valencia
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Edward W Corcoran
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA.
| | - Pavel Kortunov
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA
| | - Peter I Ravikovitch
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA.
| | - Allen Burton
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA
| | - Chris Yoon
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA
| | - Yu Wang
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA
| | - Charanjit Paur
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA
| | - Javier Guzman
- ExxonMobil Chemical Company, 4500 Bayway Drive, Baytown, TX 77520, USA
| | - Adeana R Bishop
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA
| | - Gary L Casty
- ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, 1545 Route 22 East, Annandale, NJ 08801, USA
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9
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Bueno-Perez R, Balestra SRG, Camblor MA, Min JG, Hong SB, Merkling PJ, Calero S. Influence of Flexibility on the Separation of Chiral Isomers in STW-Type Zeolite. Chemistry 2018; 24:4121-4132. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Bueno-Perez
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems; Universidad Pablo de Olavide; Ctra. de Utrera, km.1 41013 Seville Spain
| | - Salvador R. G. Balestra
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems; Universidad Pablo de Olavide; Ctra. de Utrera, km.1 41013 Seville Spain
| | - Miguel A. Camblor
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC); Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Jung Gi Min
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering; Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis, POSTECH; 37673 Pohang Korea
| | - Suk Bong Hong
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering; Center for Ordered Nanoporous Materials Synthesis, POSTECH; 37673 Pohang Korea
| | - Patrick J. Merkling
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems; Universidad Pablo de Olavide; Ctra. de Utrera, km.1 41013 Seville Spain
| | - Sofia Calero
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems; Universidad Pablo de Olavide; Ctra. de Utrera, km.1 41013 Seville Spain
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Arce-Molina J, Grau-Crespo R, Lewis DW, Ruiz-Salvador AR. Screening heteroatom distributions in zeotype materials using an effective Hamiltonian approach: the case of aluminogermanate PKU-9. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18047-18055. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01369a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a method to allow the screening of large configurational spaces of heteroatom distributions in zeotype materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Arce-Molina
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- University of Havana
- Havana 10400
- Cuba
- Dept. Metallurgy-Chemistry
| | | | - Dewi W. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
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Liu Y, Zhang B, Liu D, Sheng P, Lai Z. Fabrication and molecular transport studies of highly c-Oriented AFI membranes. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Tabacchi G, Calzaferri G, Fois E. One-dimensional self-assembly of perylene-diimide dyes by unidirectional transit of zeolite channel openings. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11195-8. [PMID: 27484884 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05303c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Confined supramolecular architectures of chromophores are key components in artificial antenna composites for solar energy harvesting and storage. A typical fabrication process, based on the insertion of dye molecules into zeolite channels, is still unknown at the molecular level. We show that slipping of perylene diimide dyes into the one-dimensional channels of zeolite L and travelling inside is only possible because of steric-interaction-induced cooperative vibrational modes of the host and the guest. The funnel-like structure of the channel opening, larger at the entrance, along with a directionally asymmetric entrance-exit probability, ensures a favorable self-assembly process of the perylene units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Tabacchi
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, and INSTM, Via Valleggio 9, I-22100 Como, Italy.
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13
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Gutiérrez-Sevillano JJ, Calero S, Hamad S, Grau-Crespo R, Rey F, Valencia S, Palomino M, Balestra SRG, Ruiz-Salvador AR. Critical Role of Dynamic Flexibility in Ge-Containing Zeolites: Impact on Diffusion. Chemistry 2016; 22:10036-43. [PMID: 27305363 PMCID: PMC6680141 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of germanium in zeolites is well known to confer static flexibility to their framework, by stabilizing the formation of small rings. In this work, we show that the flexibility associated to Ge atoms in zeolites goes beyond this static effect, manifesting also a clear dynamic nature, in the sense that it leads to enhanced molecular diffusion. Our study combines experimental and theoretical methods providing evidence for this effect, which has not been described previously, as well as a rationalization for it, based on atomistic grounds. We have used both pure‐silica and silico‐germanate ITQ‐29 (LTA topology) zeolites as a case study. Based on our simulations, we identify the flexibility associated to the pore breathing‐like behavior induced by the Ge atoms, as the key factor leading to the enhanced diffusion observed experimentally in Ge‐containing zeolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Gutiérrez-Sevillano
- Department Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Univ. Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Sofía Calero
- Department Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Univ. Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Said Hamad
- Department Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Univ. Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Ricardo Grau-Crespo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
| | - Fernando Rey
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Susana Valencia
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Palomino
- Instituto de Tecnología Química, Universitat Politècnica de València-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador R G Balestra
- Department Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Univ. Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - A Rabdel Ruiz-Salvador
- Department Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Univ. Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. de Utrera km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
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