1
|
Du T, Zhang P, Jiao Z, Zhou J, Ding Y. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Frustrated Lewis Pairs for the Activation and Transformation of CO 2. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400208. [PMID: 38607325 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Due to the serious ecological problems caused by the high CO2 content in the atmosphere, reducing atmospheric CO2 has attracted widespread attention from academia and governments. Among the many ways to mitigate CO2 concentration, the capture and comprehensive utilization of CO2 through chemical methods have obvious advantages, whose key is to develop suitable adsorbents and catalysts. Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) are known to bind CO2 through the interaction between unquenched Lewis acid sites/Lewis base sites with the O/C of CO2, simultaneously achieving CO2 capture and activation, which render FLP better potential for CO2 utilization. However, how to construct efficient FLP targeted for CO2 utilization and the mechanism of CO2 activation have not been systematically reported. This review firstly provides a comprehensive summary of the recent advances in the field of CO2 capture, activation, and transformation with the help of FLP, including the construction of homogeneous and heterogeneous FLPs, their interaction with CO2, reaction activity, and mechanism study. We also illustrated the challenges and opportunities faced in this field to shed light on the prospective research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Du
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, Peoples R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Dongnandaxue Rd, Nanjing, 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, Peoples R. China
| | - Zhen Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Dongnandaxue Rd, Nanjing, 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R. China
| | - Jiancheng Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Dongnandaxue Rd, Nanjing, 211189, Jiangsu, Peoples R. China
| | - Yuxiao Ding
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, Peoples R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li S, Nakahara S, Adachi T, Murata T, Takaishi K, Ema T. Skeletal Formation of Carbocycles with CO 2: Selective Synthesis of Indolo[3,2- b]carbazoles or Cyclophanes from Indoles, CO 2, and Phenylsilane. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14935-14941. [PMID: 38722086 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The catalytic reactions of indoles with CO2 and phenylsilane afforded indolo[3,2-b]carbazoles, where the fused benzene ring was constructed by forming two C-H bonds and four C-C bonds with two CO2 molecules via deoxygenative conversions. Nine-membered cyclophanes made up of three indoles and three CO2 molecules were also obtained, where the cyclophane framework was constructed by forming six C-H bonds and six C-C bonds. These multicomponent cascade reactions giving completely different carbocycles were switched simply by choosing the solvent, acetonitrile or ethyl acetate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shoko Nakahara
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Taishin Adachi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Takumi Murata
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuto Takaishi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ema
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bisht SK, Sharma D, Kannan R, Rajeshkumar T, Maron L, Venugopal A. Quest for Active Species in Al/B-Catalyzed CO 2 Hydrosilylation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18543-18552. [PMID: 37906233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the catalytic role of aluminum and boron centers in aluminum borohydride [(2-Me2CH2C6H4)(C6H5)Al(μ-H)2B(C6H5)2] (6) during carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrosilylation. Preliminary investigations into CO2 reduction using [(2-Me2NCH2C6H4)(H)Al(μ-H)]2 (1) and [Ph3C][B(3,5-C6H3Cl2)4] (2) in the presence of Et3SiH and PhSiH3 resulted in CH2(OSiR3)2 and CH3OSiR3, which serve as formaldehyde and methanol surrogates, respectively. In pursuit of identifying the active catalytic species, three compounds, B(3,5-C6H3Cl2)3 (3), [(2-Me2NCH2C6H4)(3,5-C6H3Cl2)Al(μ-H)2B(3,5-C6H3Cl2)2] (4), and [(2-Me2NCH2C6H4)2Al(THF)][B(3,5-C6H3Cl2)4] (5), were isolated. Among compounds 2-5, the highest catalytic conversion was achieved by 4. Further, 4 and 6 were prepared in a straightforward method by treating 1 with 3 and BPh3, respectively. 6 was found to be in equilibrium with 1 and BPh3, thus making the catalytic process of 6 more efficient than that of 4. Computational investigations inferred that CO2 reduction occurs across the Al-H bond, while Si-H activation occurs through a concerted mechanism involving an in situ generated aluminum formate species and BPh3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Kathayat Bisht
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Deepti Sharma
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Ramkumar Kannan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Thayalan Rajeshkumar
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Toulouse, Cedex 4 31077, France
| | - Laurent Maron
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Nano-objets, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Toulouse, Cedex 4 31077, France
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Triphenylborane in Metal-Free Catalysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031340. [PMID: 36771006 PMCID: PMC9920172 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and application of new organoboron reagents as Lewis acids in synthesis and metal-free catalysis have dramatically expanded over the past 20 years. In this context, we will show the recent uses of the simple and relatively weak Lewis acid BPh3-discovered 100 years ago-as a metal-free catalyst for various organic transformations. The first part will highlight catalytic applications in polymer synthesis such as the copolymerization of epoxides with CO2, isocyanate, and organic anhydrides to various polycarbonate copolymers and controlled diblock copolymers as well as alternating polyurethanes. This is followed by a discussion of BPh3 as a Lewis acid component in the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) mediated cleavage of hydrogen and hydrogenation catalysis. In addition, BPh3-catalyzed reductive N-methylations and C-methylations with CO2 and silane to value-added organic products will be covered as well along with BPh3-catalyzed cycloadditions and insertion reactions. Collectively, this mini-review showcases the underexplored potential of commercially available BPh3 in metal-free catalysis.
Collapse
|
5
|
Ratanasak M, Murata T, Adachi T, Hasegawa J, Ema T. Mechanism of BPh
3
‐Catalyzed N‐Methylation of Amines with CO
2
and Phenylsilane: Cooperative Activation of Hydrosilane. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202210. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manussada Ratanasak
- Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Takumi Murata
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University Tsushima-naka 3-1-1 Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Taishin Adachi
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University Tsushima-naka 3-1-1 Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| | - Jun‐ya Hasegawa
- Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido University Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo Hokkaido 001-0021 Japan
| | - Tadashi Ema
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University Tsushima-naka 3-1-1 Okayama 700-8530 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhai G, Liu Q, Ji J, Wu Y, Geng J, Hu X. Recyclable polymerized Lewis acid poly-BPh(C6F5)2 catalyzed selective N-formylation and N-methylation of amines with carbon dioxide and phenylsilanes. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
7
|
Shinohara K, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. N-Methylation of Aniline Derivatives with CO 2 and Phenylsilane Catalyzed by Lanthanum Hydridotriarylborate Complexes bearing a Nitrogen Tridentate Ligand. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Shinohara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ruccolo S, Sambade D, Shlian DG, Amemiya E, Parkin G. Catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide by a zinc hydride compound, [Tptm]ZnH, and conversion to the methanol level. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5868-5877. [PMID: 35343979 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04156h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The zinc hydride compound, [Tptm]ZnH, may achieve the reduction of CO2 by (RO)3SiH (R = Me, Et) to the methanol oxidation level, (MeO)xSi(OR)4-x, via the formate species, HCO2Si(OR)3. However, because insertion of CO2 into the Zn-H bond is more facile than insertion of HCO2Si(OR)3, conversion of HCO2Si(OR)3 to the methanol level only occurs to a significant extent in the absence of CO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ruccolo
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
| | - David Sambade
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
| | - Daniel G Shlian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
| | - Erika Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qu ZW, Zhu H, Streubel R, Grimme S. Catalyst-free CO2 Hydrogenation with BH3NH3 in Water: DFT Mechanistic Insights. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:14159-14164. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00590e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extensive DFT calculations show that BH3NH3 may transfer dihydrogen to CO2 rather than HCO3- in water over a barrier of 25.9 kcal/mol, followed by faster hydride transfer from borate anions...
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang T, Xu M, Jupp AR, Qu Z, Grimme S, Stephan DW. Selective Catalytic Frustrated Lewis Pair Hydrogenation of CO
2
in the Presence of Silylhalides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Environmental and Biological Science and Technology Dalian University of Technology China
| | - Maotong Xu
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Andrew R. Jupp
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Zheng‐Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry University of Bonn Beringstr. 4 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang T, Xu M, Jupp AR, Qu ZW, Grimme S, Stephan DW. Selective Catalytic Frustrated Lewis Pair Hydrogenation of CO 2 in the Presence of Silylhalides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:25771-25775. [PMID: 34606160 PMCID: PMC9298004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) derived from 2,6‐lutidine and B(C6F5)3 is shown to mediate the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 using H2 as the reductant and a silylhalide as an oxophile. The nature of the products can be controlled with the judicious selection of the silylhalide and the solvent. In this fashion, this metal‐free catalysis affords avenues to the selective formation of the disilylacetal (R3SiOCH2OSiR3), methoxysilane (R3SiOCH3), methyliodide (CH3I) and methane (CH4) under mild conditions. DFT studies illuminate the complexities of the mechanism and account for the observed selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada.,School of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Maotong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Andrew R Jupp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Zheng-Wang Qu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstr. 4, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cramer H, Ye S, Neese F, Werlé C, Leitner W. Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Carbon Dioxide to the Formic Acid, Formaldehyde, and Methanol Level-How to Control the Catalytic Network? JACS AU 2021; 1:2058-2069. [PMID: 34849511 PMCID: PMC8620560 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The selective hydrosilylation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to either the formic acid, formaldehyde, or methanol level using a molecular cobalt(II) triazine complex can be controlled based on reaction parameters such as temperature, CO2 pressure, and concentration. Here, we rationalize the catalytic mechanism that enables the selective arrival at each product platform. Key reactive intermediates were prepared and spectroscopically characterized, while the catalytic mechanism and the energy profile were analyzed with density functional theory (DFT) methods and microkinetic modeling. It transpired that the stepwise reduction of CO2 involves three consecutive catalytic cycles, including the same cobalt(I) triazine hydride complex as the active species. The increasing kinetic barriers associated with each reduction step and the competing hydride transfer steps in the three cycles corroborate the strong influence of the catalyst environment on the product selectivity. The fundamental mechanistic insights provide a consistent description of the catalytic system and rationalize, in particular, the experimentally verified opportunity to steer the reaction toward the formaldehyde product as the chemically most challenging reduction level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna
H. Cramer
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institut
für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Ruhr
University Bochum, Universitätsstr.
150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max
Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34−36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institut
für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC), RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ritter F, Morris LJ, McCabe KN, Spaniol TP, Maron L, Okuda J. Deaggregation of Zinc Dihydride by Lewis Acids Including Carbon Dioxide in the Presence of Nitrogen Donors. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:15583-15592. [PMID: 34591456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermally sensitive polymeric zinc dihydride [ZnH2]n can conveniently be prepared by the reaction of ZnEt2 with [AlH3(NEt3)]. When reacted with CO2 (1 bar) in the presence of chelating N-donor ligands Ln = N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-1,3-propanediamine (TMPDA), N,N,N',N″,N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDTA), and 1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (Me4TACD), insertion into the Zn-H bond readily occurred. Depending on the denticity n, formates [(Ln)Zn(OCHO)2] were isolated and structurally characterized, either as a molecule (Ln = TMEDA, TMPDA, PMDTA) or a charge-separated ion pair [(Ln)Zn(OCHO)][OCHO] (Ln = Me4TACD). The reaction of [ZnH2]n with the mild Lewis acid BPh3 in the presence of chelating N-donor ligands Ln gave a series of hydridotriphenylborates, either as a contact ion pair [(L2)Zn(H)(HBPh3)] (L2 = TMEDA, TMPDA) or a separated ion pair [(Ln)Zn(H)][HBPh3] (Ln = PMDTA, Me4TACD). In the crystal, the contact ion pair [(TMEDA)Zn(H)(HBPh3)] showed a bent Zn-H-B bridge indicative of a delocalized Zn-H-B interaction. In contrast, a linear Zn-H-B bridge for [(TMPDA)Zn(H)(HBPh3)] was observed, suggesting a contact ion pair. In THF solution, both complexes show an exchange with free BPh3 as well as [HBPh3]-. DFT calculations suggest the presence of [HBPh3]- anion with a highly polarized B-H bond that interacts with the Lewis acidic zinc hydride cation [(L2)Zn(H)]+. The hydridotriphenylborates [(Ln)Zn(H)(HBPh3)] underwent CO2 insertion to give (formato)zinc (formoxy)triphenylborate complexes [(Ln)Zn(OCHO)][(OCHO)BPh3] (Ln = TMPDA, PMDTA, Me4TACD). For Ln = TMEDA, a dinuclear complex [(Ln)2Zn2(μ-OCHO)3][(OCHO)BPh3] was isolated. Hydridotriphenylborates [(Ln)Zn(H)(HBPh3)] catalyzed the hydrosilylation of CO2 (1 bar) by nBuMe2SiH in THF at 70 °C to give formoxysilane and (methoxy)silane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ritter
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Louis J Morris
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Karl N McCabe
- CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas P Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laurent Maron
- CNRS, INSA, UPS, UMR 5215, LPCNO, Université de Toulouse, 135 avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sarkar D, Dutta S, Weetman C, Schubert E, Koley D, Inoue S. Germyliumylidene: A Versatile Low Valent Group 14 Catalyst. Chemistry 2021; 27:13072-13078. [PMID: 34171132 PMCID: PMC8518661 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bis‐NHC stabilized germyliumylidenes [RGe(NHC)2]+ are typically Lewis basic (LB) in nature, owing to their lone pair and coordination of two NHCs to the vacant p‐orbitals of the germanium center. However, they can also show Lewis acidity (LA) via Ge−CNHC σ* orbital. Utilizing this unique electronic feature, we report the first example of bis‐NHC‐stabilized germyliumylidene [MesTerGe(NHC)2]Cl (1), (MesTer=2,6‐(2,4,6‐Me3C6H2)2C6H3; NHC= IMe4=1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) catalyzed reduction of CO2 with amines and arylsilane, which proceeds via its Lewis basic nature. In contrast, the Lewis acid nature of 1 is utilized in the catalyzed hydroboration and cyanosilylation of carbonyls, thus highlighting the versatile ambiphilic nature of bis‐NHC stabilized germyliumylidenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debotra Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741 246, India
| | - Catherine Weetman
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Emeric Schubert
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741 246, India
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chambenahalli R, Bhargav RM, McCabe KN, Andrews AP, Ritter F, Okuda J, Maron L, Venugopal A. Cationic Zinc Hydride Catalyzed Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Formate: Deciphering Elementary Reactions, Isolation of Intermediates, and Computational Investigations. Chemistry 2021; 27:7391-7401. [PMID: 33459452 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Zinc has been an element of choice for carbon dioxide reduction in recent years. Zinc compounds have been showcased as catalysts for carbon dioxide hydrosilylation and hydroboration. The extent of carbon dioxide reduction can depend on various factors, including electrophilicity at the zinc center and the denticity of the ancillary ligands. In a few cases, the addition of Lewis acids to zinc hydride catalysts markedly influences carbon dioxide reduction. These factors have been investigated by exploring elementary reactions of carbon dioxide hydrosilylation and hydroboration by using cationic zinc hydrides bearing tetradentate tris[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine and tridentate N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine in the presence of triphenylborane and tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Chambenahalli
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - R M Bhargav
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Karl N McCabe
- LPCNO, UMR 5215, Université de Toulouse-CNRS, INSA, UPS, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Alex P Andrews
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| | - Florian Ritter
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, UMR 5215, Université de Toulouse-CNRS, INSA, UPS, 31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram, 695551, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ghosh D, Kumar GR, Subramanian S, Tanaka K. More Than Just a Reagent: The Rise of Renewable Organohydrides for Catalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:824-841. [PMID: 33369102 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stoichiometric carbon dioxide reduction to highly reduced C1 molecules, such as formic acid (2e- ), formaldehyde (4e- ), methanol (6e- ) or even most-reduced methane (8e- ), has been successfully achieved by using organosilanes, organoboranes, and frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) in the presence of suitable catalyst. The development of renewable organohydride compounds could be the best alternative in this regard as they have shown promise for the transfer of hydride directly to CO2 . Reduction of CO2 by two electrons and two protons to afford formic acid by using renewable organohydride molecules has recently been investigated by various groups. However, catalytic CO2 reduction to ≥2e- -reduced products by using renewable organohydride-based molecules has rarely been explored. This Minireview summarizes important findings in this regard, encompassing both stoichiometric and catalytic CO2 reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph's College (Autonomous), Bangalore, 560027, Karnataka, India
| | - George Rajendra Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, 641114, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Saravanan Subramanian
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, Gujarat, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (KUIAS/iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Ritsumeikan University, 525-8577 Noji-higashi, 1-1-1, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ruccolo S, Amemiya E, Shlian DG, Parkin G. Hydrosilyation of CO2 using a silatrane hydride: structural characterization of a silyl formate compound. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The silatrane hydride compound, [N(CH2CH2O)3]SiH, reacts with CO2 in the presence of the [tris(2-pyridylthio)methyl]zinc hydride complex, [Tptm]ZnH, to afford the silyl formate and methoxide derivatives, [N(CH2CH2O)3]SiO2CH and [N(CH2CH2O)3]SiOCH3. The molecular structure of [N(CH2CH2O)3]SiO2CH has been determined by X-ray diffraction, thereby demonstrating that the formate ligand adopts a distal conformation in which the uncoordinated oxygen atom resides with a trans-like disposition relative to silicon. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the atrane motif of [N(CH2CH2O)3]SiO2CH is flexible, such that the energy of the molecule changes relatively little as the Si···N distance varies over the range 2.0–3.0 Å.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Ruccolo
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Erika Amemiya
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Daniel G. Shlian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Caise A, Hicks J, Ángeles Fuentes M, Goicoechea JM, Aldridge S. Partnering a Three-Coordinate Gallium Cation with a Hydroborate Counter-Ion for the Catalytic Hydrosilylation of CO 2. Chemistry 2021; 27:2138-2148. [PMID: 33169886 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel β-diketiminate stabilized gallium hydride, (Dipp L)Ga(Ad)H (where (Dipp L)={HC(MeCDippN)2 }, Dipp=2,6-diisopropylphenyl and Ad=1-adamantyl), has been synthesized and shown to undergo insertion of carbon dioxide into the Ga-H bond under mild conditions. In this case, treatment of the resulting κ1 -formate complex with triethylsilane does not lead to regeneration of the hydride precursor. However, when combined with B(C6 F5 )3 , (Dipp L)Ga(Ad)H catalyses the reductive hydrosilylation of CO2 . Under stoichiometric conditions, the addition of one equivalent of B(C6 F5 )3 to (Dipp L)Ga(Ad)H leads to the formation of a 3-coordinate cationic gallane complex, partnered with a hydroborate anion, [(Dipp L)Ga(Ad)][HB(C6 F5 )3 ]. This complex rapidly hydrometallates carbon dioxide and catalyses the selective reduction of CO2 to the formaldehyde oxidation level at 60 °C in the presence of Et3 SiH (yielding H2 C(OSiEt3 )2 ). When catalysis is undertaken in the presence of excess B(C6 F5 )3 , appreciable enhancement of activity is observed, with a corresponding reduction in selectivity: the product distribution includes H2 C(OSiEt3 )2 , CH4 and O(SiEt3 )2 . While this system represents proof-of-concept in CO2 hydrosilylation by a gallium hydride system, the TOF values obtained are relatively modest (max. 10 h-1 ). This is attributed to the strength of binding of the formatoborate anion to the gallium centre in the catalytic intermediate (Dipp L)Ga(Ad){OC(H)OB(C6 F5 )3 }, and the correspondingly slow rate of the turnover-limiting hydrosilylation step. In turn, this strength of binding can be related to the relatively high Lewis acidity measured for the [(Dipp L)Ga(Ad)]+ cation (AN=69.8).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Caise
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - M Ángeles Fuentes
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pramudita RA, Motokura K. Heterogeneous Organocatalysts for the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Silanes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:281-292. [PMID: 33140568 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) as feedstock for chemical industries is gaining interest as a sustainable alternative to nonrenewable fossil resources. However, CO2 reduction is necessary to increase its energy content. Hydrosilane is a potential reducing agent that exhibits excellent reactivity under ambient conditions. CO2 hydrosilylation yields versatile products such as silylformate and methoxysilane, whereas formamides and N-methylated products are obtained in the presence of amines. In these transformations, organocatalysts are considered as the more sustainable choice of catalyst. In particular, heterogeneous organocatalysts featuring precisely designed active sites offer higher efficiency due to their recyclability. Herein, an overview is presented of the current development of basic organocatalysts immobilized on various supports for application in the chemical reduction of CO2 with hydrosilanes, and the potential active species parameters that might affect the catalytic activity are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ria Ayu Pramudita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 2268502, Japan
| | - Ken Motokura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 2268502, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, 3320012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ritter F, Spaniol TP, Douair I, Maron L, Okuda J. Molecular Zinc Hydride Cations [ZnH] + : Synthesis, Structure, and CO 2 Hydrosilylation Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23335-23342. [PMID: 32931656 PMCID: PMC7756573 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protonolysis of [ZnH2 ]n with the conjugated Brønsted acid of the bidentate diamine TMEDA (N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethane-1,2-diamine) and TEEDA (N,N,N',N'-tetraethylethane-1,2-diamine) gave the zinc hydride cation [(L2 )ZnH]+ , isolable either as the mononuclear THF adduct [(L2 )ZnH(thf)]+ [BArF 4 ]- (L2 =TMEDA; BArF 4 - =[B(3,5-(CF3 )2 -C6 H3 )4 ]- ) or as the dimer [{(L2 )Zn)}2 (μ-H)2 ]2+ [BArF 4 ]- 2 (L2 =TEEDA). In contrast to [ZnH2 ]n , the cationic zinc hydrides are thermally stable and soluble in THF. [(L2 )ZnH]+ was also shown to form di- and trinuclear adducts of the elusive neutral [(L2 )ZnH2 ]. All hydride-containing cations readily inserted CO2 to give the corresponding formate complexes. [(TMEDA)ZnH]+ [BArF 4 ]- catalyzed the hydrosilylation of CO2 with tertiary hydrosilanes to give stepwise formoxy silane, methyl formate, and methoxy silane. The unexpected formation of methyl formate was shown to result from the zinc-catalyzed transesterification of methoxy silane with formoxy silane, which was eventually converted into methoxy silane as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ritter
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
| | - Iskander Douair
- CNRSINSAUPSUMR 5215LPCNOUniversité de Toulouse135 avenue de Rangueil31077ToulouseFrance
| | - Laurent Maron
- CNRSINSAUPSUMR 5215LPCNOUniversité de Toulouse135 avenue de Rangueil31077ToulouseFrance
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152056AachenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ishida S, Hatakeyama T, Nomura T, Matsumoto M, Yoshimura K, Kyushin S, Iwamoto T. A Six‐Coordinate Silicon Dihydride Embedded in a Porphyrin: Enhanced Hydride‐Donor Properties and the Catalyst‐Free Hydrosilylation of CO
2. Chemistry 2020; 26:15811-15815. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Ishida
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 9808578 Japan
| | - Takuroh Hatakeyama
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 9808578 Japan
| | - Takuya Nomura
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 9808578 Japan
| | - Maiko Matsumoto
- Division of Molecular Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Gunma University Kiryu 3768515 Japan
| | - Kimio Yoshimura
- Division of Molecular Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Gunma University Kiryu 3768515 Japan
| | - Soichiro Kyushin
- Division of Molecular Science Graduate School of Science and Technology Gunma University Kiryu 3768515 Japan
| | - Takeaki Iwamoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 9808578 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Molekulare Zinkhydridkationen [ZnH]
+
: Synthese, Struktur und CO
2
‐Hydrosilylierungskatalyse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
23
|
Bentley JN, Elgadi SA, Gaffen JR, Demay-Drouhard P, Baumgartner T, Caputo CB. Fluorescent Lewis Adducts: A Practical Guide to Relative Lewis Acidity. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan N. Bentley
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Seja A. Elgadi
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Joshua R. Gaffen
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Paul Demay-Drouhard
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Thomas Baumgartner
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Christopher B. Caputo
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tolzmann M, Schürmann L, Hepp A, Uhl W, Layh M. Hydrosilylation and Hydrogermylation of CO
2
and CS
2
by Al and Ga Functionalized Silanes and Germanes – Cooperative Reactivity with Formation of Silyl Formates and Disilylacetals. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tolzmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Lina Schürmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Werner Uhl
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Marcus Layh
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Universität Münster Corrensstraße 30 48149 Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
P S, Mandal SK. From CO 2 activation to catalytic reduction: a metal-free approach. Chem Sci 2020; 11:10571-10593. [PMID: 34094313 PMCID: PMC8162374 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03528a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over exploitation of natural resources and human activities are relentlessly fueling the emission of CO2 in the atmosphere. Accordingly, continuous efforts are required to find solutions to address the issue of excessive CO2 emission and its potential effects on climate change. It is imperative that the world looks towards a portfolio of carbon mitigation solutions, rather than a single strategy. In this regard, the use of CO2 as a C1 source is an attractive strategy as CO2 has the potential to be a great asset for the industrial sector and consumers across the globe. In particular, the reduction of CO2 offers an alternative to fossil fuels for various organic industrial feedstocks and fuels. Consequently, efficient and scalable approaches for the reduction of CO2 to products such as methane and methanol can generate value from its emissions. Accordingly, in recent years, metal-free catalysis has emerged as a sustainable approach because of the mild reaction conditions by which CO2 can be reduced to various value-added products. The metal-free catalytic reduction of CO2 offers the development of chemical processes with low cost, earth-abundant, non-toxic reagents, and low carbon-footprint. Thus, this perspective aims to present the developments in both the reduction and reductive functionalization chemistry of CO2 during the last decade using various metal-free catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreejyothi P
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata Mohanpur-741246 India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata Mohanpur-741246 India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pramudita RA, Manaka Y, Motokura K. A Resin-Supported Formate Catalyst for the Transformative Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Hydrosilanes. Chemistry 2020; 26:7937-7945. [PMID: 32315104 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A heterogeneous formate anion catalyst for the transformative reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2 ) based on a polystyrene and divinylbenzene copolymer modified with alkylammonium formate was prepared from a widely available anion exchange resin. The catalyst preparation was easy and the characterization was carried out by using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and solid-state 13 C cross-polarization/magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13 C CP/MAS NMR) spectroscopy. The catalyst displayed good catalytic activity for the direct reduction of CO2 with hydrosilanes, tunably yielding silylformate or methoxysilane products depending on the hydrosilanes used. The catalyst was also active for the reductive insertion of CO2 into both primary and secondary amines. The catalytic activity of the resin-supported formate can be predicted from the FTIR spectra of the catalyst, probably because of the difference in the ionic interaction strength between the supported alkylammonium cations and formate anions. The ion pair density is thought to influence the catalytic activity, as shown by the elemental and solid-state 13 C NMR analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ria Ayu Pramudita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yuichi Manaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan.,Renewable Energy Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-2-9 Machiikedai, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-0298, Japan
| | - Ken Motokura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang W, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Orione C, Kirillov E. Reduction of CO2 by Hydrosilanes in the Presence of Formamidinates of Group 13 and 12 Elements. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiheng Huang
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis laboratories, Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Centre de diffraction X, Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Centre de diffraction X, Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Clement Orione
- CRMPO, Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Organometallics: Materials and Catalysis laboratories, Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35700 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Murata T, Hiyoshi M, Ratanasak M, Hasegawa JY, Ema T. Synthesis of silyl formates, formamides, and aldehydes via solvent-free organocatalytic hydrosilylation of CO 2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5783-5786. [PMID: 32322865 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01371d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) was used as a C1 source to prepare silyl formates, formamides, and aldehydes. Tetrabutylammonium acetate (TBAA) catalyzed the solvent-free N-formylation of amines with CO2 and hydrosilane to give formamides including Weinreb formamide, Me(MeO)NCHO, which was successively converted into aldehydes by one-pot reactions with Grignard reagents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Murata
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Mahoko Hiyoshi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Manussada Ratanasak
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ya Hasegawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Tadashi Ema
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang Q, Fukaya N, Fujitani T, Choi JC. Carbon Dioxide Hydrosilylation to Methane Catalyzed by Zinc and Other First-Row Transition Metal Salts. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Central 5, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Norihisa Fukaya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Central 5, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Fujitani
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Central 5, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Jun-Chul Choi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba Central 5, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pramudita RA, Nakagawa C, Manaka Y, Motokura K. Silica-supported Alkylammonium Formate Catalyst for Hydrosilylation of Carbon Dioxide. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.190649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ria Ayu Pramudita
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nakagawa
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
| | - Yuichi Manaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
- Renewable Energy Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-2-9 Machiikedai, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-0298, Japan
| | - Ken Motokura
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8502, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen J, McGraw M, Chen EYX. Diverse Catalytic Systems and Mechanistic Pathways for Hydrosilylative Reduction of CO 2. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:4543-4569. [PMID: 31386795 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrosilylation of carbon dioxide has emerged as a promising approach for carbon dioxide utilization. It allows the reductive transformation of carbon dioxide into value-added products at the levels of formate, formaldehyde, methanol, and methane. Tremendous progress has been made in the area of carbon dioxide hydrosilylation since the first reports in 1981. This focus review describes recent advances in the design and catalytic performance of leading catalyst systems, including transition-metal, main-group, and transition-metal/main-group and main-group/main-group tandem catalysts. Emphasis is placed on discussions of key mechanistic features of these systems and efforts towards the development of more selective, efficient, and sustainable carbon dioxide hydrosilylation processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Michael McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Motokura K, Fukuda T, Manaka Y. Unexpected Formation of Triphenylborane from Phenylboronic Acid and Its Use as an Intermediate in Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross Coupling Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Motokura
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226–8502 Japan
- PRESTOJapan Science and Technology Agency (JST) Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Takuma Fukuda
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226–8502 Japan
| | - Yuichi Manaka
- Department of Chemical Science and EngineeringSchool of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama 226–8502 Japan
- Renewable Energy Research CenterNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Fukushima 963-0298 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Falconer RL, Zeng D, Green M, Stephan DW, McGrady JE, Russell CA. Hydrofunctionalisation of an Aromatic Triphosphabenzene. Chemistry 2019; 25:12507-12511. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dihao Zeng
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Michael Green
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada
| | - John E. McGrady
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Andrea KA, Kerton FM. Functionalized polycarbonates via triphenylborane catalyzed polymerization-hydrosilylation. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26542-26546. [PMID: 35528568 PMCID: PMC9070434 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05947d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triphenylborane catalyzes the copolymerization and terpolymerization of epoxides and CO2 to yield polycarbonates with excellent dispersity. Via assisted tandem catalysis, these materials could be hydrosilylated in a one-pot fashion yielding modified polymeric materials. Using only a few reagents, materials with glass transition temperatures ranging from 37-110 °C were obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kori A Andrea
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL A1B 3X7 Canada
| | - Francesca M Kerton
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL A1B 3X7 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Thompson BL, Heiden ZM. Investigation of main group promoted carbon dioxide reduction. Tetrahedron 2019; 75:2099-2105. [PMID: 30936593 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) is of interest to the chemical industry, as many synthetic materials can be derived from CO2. To help determine the reagents needed for the functionalization of carbon dioxide this experimental and computational study describes the reduction of CO2 to formate and CO with hydride, electron, and proton sources in the presence of sterically bulky Lewis acids and bases. The insertion of carbon dioxide into a main group hydride, generating a main group formate, was computed to be more thermodynamically favorable for more hydridic (reducing) main group hydrides. A ten kcal/mol increase in hydricity (more reducing) of a main group hydride resulted in a 35% increase in the main group hydride's ability to insert CO2 into the main group hydride bond. The resulting main group formate exhibited a hydricity (reducing ability) about 10% less than the respective main group hydride prior to CO2 insertion. Coordination of a second identical Lewis acid to a main group formate complex further reduced the hydricity by about another 20%. The addition of electrons to the CO adduct of t Bu3P and B(C6F5)3 resulted in converting the sequestered CO2 molecule to CO. Reduction of the CO2 adduct of t Bu3P and B(C6F5)3 with both electrons and protons resulted in only proton reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brena L Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| | - Zachariah M Heiden
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Andrea KA, Kerton FM. Triarylborane-Catalyzed Formation of Cyclic Organic Carbonates and Polycarbonates. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kori A. Andrea
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NF A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Francesca M. Kerton
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NF A1B 3X7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chambenahalli R, Andrews AP, Ritter F, Okuda J, Venugopal A. Terminal hydridozinc cation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2054-2057. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09839e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Thermally stable hydridozinc cation catalytically converts CO2 to PhSi(OCHO)3 using PhSiH3 in the presence of a mild Lewis acid BPh3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Chambenahalli
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Thiruvananthapuram 695551
- India
| | - Alex P. Andrews
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Thiruvananthapuram 695551
- India
| | - Florian Ritter
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- RWTH Aachen University
- 52056 Aachen
- Germany
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram
- Thiruvananthapuram 695551
- India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Guzmán J, García-Orduña P, Polo V, Lahoz FJ, Oro LA, Fernández-Alvarez FJ. Ir-catalyzed selective reduction of CO2 to the methoxy or formate level with HSiMe(OSiMe3)2. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02353k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ir-NSi-based catalysts allow controlling the selective reduction of CO2 with HSiMe(OSiMe3)2 to afford methoxysilane or silyl formate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica – Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica – Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Víctor Polo
- Departamento de Química Física – Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI) – Universidad de Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Fernando J. Lahoz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica – Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Luis A. Oro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica – Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Francisco J. Fernández-Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica – Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- Universidad de Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Bertini F, Glatz M, Stöger B, Peruzzini M, Veiros LF, Kirchner K, Gonsalvi L. Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Methanol Catalyzed by Mn(I) PNP Pincer Complexes under Mild Reaction Conditions. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Bertini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Mathias Glatz
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-AC, A-1060 Wien, Austria
| | - Berthold Stöger
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-AC, A-1060 Wien, Austria
| | - Maurizio Peruzzini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Tecnologia dei Materiali (CNR-DSCTM), Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luis F. Veiros
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais No. 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Karl Kirchner
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163-AC, A-1060 Wien, Austria
| | - Luca Gonsalvi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Paridala K, Lu SM, Wang MM, Li C. Tandem one-pot CO 2 reduction by PMHS and silyloxycarbonylation of aryl/vinyl halides to access carboxylic acids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11574-11577. [PMID: 30259918 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06820h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study discloses the synthesis of aryl/vinyl carboxylic acids from Csp2-bound halides (Cl, Br, I) in a carbonylative path by using silyl formate (from CO2 and hydrosilane) as an instant CO-surrogate. Hydrosilane provides hydride for reduction and its oxidation product silanol serves as a coupling partner. Mono-, di-, and tri-carboxylic acids were obtained from the corresponding aryl/vinyl halides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumaraswamy Paridala
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan Road 457, Dalian 116023, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fernández‐Alvarez FJ, Oro LA. Homogeneous Catalytic Reduction of CO
2
with Silicon‐Hydrides, State of the Art. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201800699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Fernández‐Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)Universidad de Zaragoza Facultad de Ciencias 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Luis A. Oro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)Universidad de Zaragoza Facultad de Ciencias 50009 Zaragoza Spain
- Center of Refining & PetrochemicalsKing Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 31261 Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nicholls RL, McManus JA, Rayner CM, Morales-Serna JA, White AJP, Nguyen BN. Guanidine-Catalyzed Reductive Amination of Carbon Dioxide with Silanes: Switching between Pathways and Suppressing Catalyst Deactivation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b04108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Nicholls
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - James A. McManus
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Christopher M. Rayner
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - José A. Morales-Serna
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Ciudad de México, 09340, México
| | - Andrew J. P. White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Bao N. Nguyen
- Institute of Process Research and Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tri(pentaflurophenyl)borane-catalyzed reduction of cyclic imides with hydrosilanes: Synthesis of pyrrolidines. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
44
|
Fasano V, LaFortune JHW, Bayne JM, Ingleson MJ, Stephan DW. Air- and water-stable Lewis acids: synthesis and reactivity of P-trifluoromethyl electrophilic phosphonium cations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:662-665. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electrophilic phosphonium cations (EPCs) containing a –CF3 group are stable to air, water, alcohol and strong Brønsted acid and function as Lewis acid catalysts without requiring anhydrous reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Fasano
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester
- UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto
- Canada
| | | | - J. M. Bayne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto
- Canada
| | | | - D. W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rauch M, Parkin G. Zinc and Magnesium Catalysts for the Hydrosilylation of Carbon Dioxide. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18162-18165. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rauch
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Saleh M, Powell DR, Wehmschulte RJ. Catalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Using Cationic Organoaluminum and -Gallium Compounds. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Saleh
- Department
of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| | - Douglas R. Powell
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, 101 Stephenson
Parkway, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-5251, United States
| | - Rudolf J. Wehmschulte
- Department
of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, Florida 32901, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Julián A, Guzmán J, Jaseer EA, Fernández-Alvarez FJ, Royo R, Polo V, García-Orduña P, Lahoz FJ, Oro LA. Mechanistic Insights on the Reduction of CO2
to Silylformates Catalyzed by Ir-NSiN Species. Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Julián
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias; 50009 Zaragoza Spain)
| | - Jefferson Guzmán
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias; 50009 Zaragoza Spain)
| | - E. A. Jaseer
- Center of Refining & Petrochemicals; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; 31261 Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| | - Francisco J. Fernández-Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias; 50009 Zaragoza Spain)
| | - Raquel Royo
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas complejos (BIFI); Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Víctor Polo
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas complejos (BIFI); Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias; 50009 Zaragoza Spain)
| | - Fernando J. Lahoz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias; 50009 Zaragoza Spain)
| | - Luis A. Oro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH); Universidad de Zaragoza, Facultad de Ciencias; 50009 Zaragoza Spain)
- Center of Refining & Petrochemicals; King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals; 31261 Dhahran Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mukherjee D, Osseili H, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. Facile ring-opening of THF at a lithium center induced by a pendant Si-H bond and BPh 3. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:8017-8021. [PMID: 28617505 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01671a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The macrocyclic polyamine 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane [LH = (Me3TACD)H] formed adducts with tetramethyl-silazides [M{N(SiHMe2)2}] (M = Li, Na, K) of light alkali metals. Upon heating, intramolecular dehydrocoupling occurred to give [M{(L)SiMe2N(SiHMe2)}]. BPh3 induced facile ring-opening of THF when reacted with [Li{(L)SiMe2N(SiHMe2)}].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Mukherjee
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Synthesis of benzothiazoles from 2-aminobenzenethiols in the presence of a reusable polythiazolium precatalyst under atmospheric pressure of carbon dioxide. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|