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He Y, Huang YY, Fu JH, Liu Y, Wu XT, Sheng TL. Influence of the electronic effect of an ancillary ligand on MMCT and LMCT in localized cyanide-bridged complexes containing non-innocent ligands. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18099-18108. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For bimetallic MV complexes with non-innocent ligands, the MMCT energy in the localized system decreases significantly while the LMCT energy in the delocalized moiety increases slightly as the electronic effect of ancillary ligands is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Hui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P.R. China
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2
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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3
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Synthesis and redox properties of cyclometallated iridium (III) complexes modified with arylamino groups. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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4
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Organometallic radicals of iron and ruthenium: Similarities and dissimilarities of radical reactivity and charge delocalization. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Yang YY, Zhu XQ, Hu SM, Su SD, Zhang LT, Wen YH, Wu XT, Sheng TL. Different Degrees of Electron Delocalization in Mixed Valence Ru-Ru-Ru Compounds by Cyanido-/Isocyanido-Bridge Isomerism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14046-14050. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Shao-Dong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Lin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
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6
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Yang YY, Zhu XQ, Hu SM, Su SD, Zhang LT, Wen YH, Wu XT, Sheng TL. Different Degrees of Electron Delocalization in Mixed Valence Ru-Ru-Ru Compounds by Cyanido-/Isocyanido-Bridge Isomerism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Quan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Shao-Dong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Lin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 P.R. China
| | - Yue-Hong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Xin-Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lu Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Science; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P.R. China
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7
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Zhang MX, Zhang J, Yin J, Hartl F, Liu SH. Anodic electrochemistry of mono- and dinuclear aminophenylferrocene and diphenylaminoferrocene complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6112-6123. [PMID: 29664488 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00584b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two related three-membered series of nonlinear aminophenylferrocene and diphenylaminoferrocene complexes were prepared and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The first series consists of 4-(diphenylamino)phenylferrocene (TPA-Fc, 1a), its dimethoxy-substituted tetraphenylphenylenediamine derivative (M2TPPD-Fc, 1c), and the triphenylamine-bridged bis(ferrocenyl) complex (Fc-TPA-Fc, 1b). The second series involves bis(4-methoxyphenyl)aminoferrocene (M2DPA-Fc, 1d), 4-methoxyphenylaminoferrocene (MPA-Fc) with N-phenyl-appended terminal TPA (1e), and the corresponding bis(MPA-Fc) complex with bridging TPA (1f). The structure of complex 1d was further confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Combined investigations, based on anodic voltammetry, UV-vis-NIR spectroelectrochemistry and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, were conducted to illustrate the influence of the integration of multiple redox-active components on the sequential oxidation of these complexes. The first anodic steps in 1a-1f are localized preferentially on the ferrocenyl units, followed by oxidation of the TPA or TPPD moieties (absent in 1d). Irreversible oxidation of the ferrocene-appended strong donor DPA/MPA units in 1d-1f terminates the anodic series. The one-electron oxidation of the triphenylamine-bridged diferrocenyl (1b) and bis(phenylaminoferrocenyl) (1f) complexes triggers their facile redox disproportionation to dicationic bis(ferrocenium) products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P.R. China.
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8
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Mondal S, Schwederski B, Frey W, Fiedler J, Záliš S, Kaim W. At the Borderline between Metal–Metal Mixed Valency and a Radical Bridge Situation: Four Charge States of a Diruthenium Complex with a Redox-Active Bis(mer-tridentate) Ligand. Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Mondal
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Brigitte Schwederski
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jan Fiedler
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Záliš
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Wolfgang Kaim
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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9
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Feng J, Shao JY, Nie HJ, Gong ZL, Zhong YW. Synthesis and electrochemical and spectroscopic studies of a N , N , N' , N' -tetraphenylbenzidine-bridged bis(2,2 ' -bipyridine) ligand and diruthenium complex. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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10
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Hansmann MM, Melaimi M, Bertrand G. Organic Mixed Valence Compounds Derived from Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbenes. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2206-2213. [PMID: 29342351 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b11184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Readily available room temperature stable organic mixed valence compounds are prepared by one-electron reduction of cyclic bis(iminium) salts [derived from cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes] bridged by various spacers. These compounds show characteristic intervalence charge transfer (IV-CT) bands in the near-infrared (NIR). Cyclic voltammetry, EPR, IR, UV-vis, and X-ray studies, as well as DFT calculations, show that, depending on the nature of the spacer, these mixed valence compounds range from class III to class II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max M Hansmann
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Mohand Melaimi
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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11
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Shao JY, Gong ZL, Zhong YW. Bridged cyclometalated diruthenium complexes for fundamental electron transfer studies and multi-stage redox switching. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:23-29. [PMID: 29230470 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four bridged cyclometalated diruthenium systems are highlighted in this Frontier article, including strongly-coupled diruthenium complexes with a short phen-1,4-diyl or a planar pyren-2,7-diyl bridge, redox asymmetric diruthenium complexes characterized by different terminal ligands on the two ends, diruthenium complexes with a urea bridge that allows modulating the degree of electronic coupling, and those with a redox-active amine bridge with varying electronic structures. These complexes posess redox couples with low potentials and intense intervalence charge transfer absorptions in the near-infrared region in the one-electron-oxidized mixed-valent state. They are appealing not only for providing a platform for fundamental electron transfer studies but also as molecular materials with multi-stage redox switching properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Yang Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellencet in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellencet in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Centre for Excellencet in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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12
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Hazari AS, Indra A, Lahiri GK. Mixed valency in ligand-bridged diruthenium frameworks: divergences and perspectives. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28895-28908. [PMID: 35547993 PMCID: PMC9084559 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03206h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging fundamental issues involving intramolecular electron transfer at the mixed valent diruthenium frameworks and its application prospects have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arindam Indra
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)
- Varanasi
- India
| | - Goutam Kumar Lahiri
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai-400076
- India
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13
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Oviedo PS, Pieslinger GE, Cadranel A, Baraldo LM. Exploring the localized to delocalized transition in non-symmetric bimetallic ruthenium polypyridines. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:15757-15768. [PMID: 29095449 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02422c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the evolution of the properties of the inter-valence charge transfer (IVCT) transition in a family of cyanide-bridged ruthenium polypyridines of general formula [RuII(tpy)(bpy)(μ-CN)RuIII(bpy)2(L)]3/4+ (tpy = 2,2',6',2''-terpyridine; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; L = Cl-, NCS-, 4-dimethylaminopyridine or acetonitrile). In these complexes, the redox potential difference between both ruthenium centers (ΔE) is systematically modified. A decrease in ΔE causes a red shift of the energy and an intensity enhancement of the observed IVCT transitions. For L = acetonitrile, the IVCT band becomes narrower and asymmetrical, and shows very little dependence on the nature of the solvent, suggesting a delocalized configuration, although a non-symmetrical one. Also, additional electronic transitions of low energy are clearly resolved in this complex. The observed variation in the properties of the IVCT transitions can be understood on the basis of DFT calculations, that point to increasing mixing between the dπ orbitals of both Ru ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola S Oviedo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Shao JY, Zhong YW. pH value-dependent electronic absorption and Ru(III/II) potential of bis-tridentate pincer ruthenium complexes. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Ou YP, Zhang J, Zhang MX, Zhang F, Kuang D, Hartl F, Liu SH. Bonding and Electronic Properties of Linear Diethynyl Oligothienoacene-Bridged Diruthenium Complexes and Their Oxidized Forms. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:11074-11086. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Ou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | | | | | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry
of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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Zhang J, Guo SZ, Dong YB, Rao L, Yin J, Yu GA, Hartl F, Liu SH. Multistep Oxidation of Diethynyl Oligophenylamine-Bridged Diruthenium and Diiron Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1001-1015. [PMID: 28045545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Homo-dinuclear nonlinear complexes [{M(dppe)Cp*}2{μ-(-C≡C)2X}] (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane; Cp* = η5-C5Me5; X = triphenylamine (TPA), M = Ru (1a) and Fe (1b); X = N,N,N',N'-tetraphenylphenylene-1,4-diamine (TPPD), M = Ru (2a)) were prepared and characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (1a, 2a). Attempts to prepare the diiron analogue of 2a were not successful. Experimental data obtained from cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, UV-vis-NIR (NIR = near-infrared) spectro-electrochemistry, and very informative IR spectro-electrochemistry in the C≡C stretching region, combined with density functional theory calculations, afford to make an emphasizing assessment of the close association between the metal-ethynyl termini and the oligophenylamine bridge core as well as their respective involvement in sequential one-electron oxidations of these complexes. The anodic behavior of the homo-bimetallic complexes depends strongly both on the metal center and the length of the oligophenylamine bridge core. The poorly separated first two oxidations of diiron complex 1b are localized on the electronically nearly independent Fe termini. In contrast, diruthenium complex 1a exhibits a significantly delocalized character and a marked electronic communication between the ruthenium centers through the diethynyl-TPA bridge. The ruthenium-ethynyl halves in 2a, separated by the doubly extended and more flexible TPPD bridge core, show a lower degree of electronic coupling, resulting in close-lying first two anodic waves and the NIR electronic absorption of [2a]+ with an indistinctive intervalence charge transfer character. Finally, the third anodic waves in the voltammetric responses of the homo-bimetallic complexes are associated with the concurrent exclusive oxidation of the TPA or TPPD bridge cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Shen-Zhen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Li Rao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - František Hartl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Sheng Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University , Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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Tang JH, He YQ, Shao JY, Gong ZL, Zhong YW. Multistate Redox Switching and Near-Infrared Electrochromism Based on a Star-Shaped Triruthenium Complex with a Triarylamine Core. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35253. [PMID: 27731404 PMCID: PMC5059756 DOI: 10.1038/srep35253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A star-shaped cyclometalated triruthenium complex 2(PF6)n (n = 3 and 4) with a triarylamine core was synthesized, which functions as a molecular switch with five well-separated redox states in both solution and film states. The single-crystal X-ray structure of 2(PF6)3 is presented. This complex displays four consecutive one-electron redox waves at +0.082, +0.31, +0.74, and +1.07 V vs Ag/AgCl. In each redox state, it shows significantly different NIR absorptions with λmax of 1590 nm for 24+, 1400 nm for 25+, 1060 nm for 26+, and 740 nm for 27+, respectively. Complex 24+ shows a single-line EPR signal at g = 2.060, while other redox states are all EPR inactive. The spin density distributions and NIR absorptions in different redox states were rationalized by DFT and TDDFT calculations. A vinyl-substituted triruthenium analogous 3(PF6)4 was prepared, which was successfully polymerized on ITO glass electrode surfaces by reductive electropolymerization. The obtained poly-3n+/ITO film was characterized by FTIR, AFM, and SEM analysis. It shows four well-defined redox couples and reversible multistate NIR electrochromism. In particular, a contrast ratio (ΔT%) up to 63% was achieved at the optic telecommunication wavelength (1550 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hong Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan-Qin He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiang-Yang Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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