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Zhao J, Qi L, Li W, Cheng J, Li Q, Liu S. CH4 activation by PtX+ (X = F, Cl, Br, I). Front Chem 2022; 10:1027465. [PMID: 36226113 PMCID: PMC9548706 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1027465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions of PtX+ (X = F, Cl, Br, I) with methane have been investigated at the density functional theory (DFT) level. These reactions take place more easily along the low-spin potential energy surface. For HX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) elimination, the formal oxidation state of the metal ion appears to be conserved, and the importance of this reaction channel decreases in going as the sequence: X = F, Cl, Br, I. A reversed trend is observed in the loss of H2 for X = F, Cl, Br, while it is not favorable for PtI+ in the loss of either HI or H2. For HX eliminations, the transfer form of H is from proton to atom, last to hydride, and the mechanisms are from PCET to HAT, last to HT for the sequence of X = F, Cl, Br, I. One reason is mainly due to the electronegativity of halogens. Otherwise, the mechanisms of HX eliminations also can be explained by the analysis of Frontier Molecular Orbitals. While for the loss of H2, the transfer of H is in the form of hydride for all the X ligands. Noncovalent interactions analysis also can be explained the reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenzuo Li
- *Correspondence: Wenzuo Li, ; Qingzhong Li, ; Shaoli Liu,
| | | | - Qingzhong Li
- *Correspondence: Wenzuo Li, ; Qingzhong Li, ; Shaoli Liu,
| | - Shaoli Liu
- *Correspondence: Wenzuo Li, ; Qingzhong Li, ; Shaoli Liu,
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2
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Ma X, Rohdenburg M, Knorke H, Kawa S, Liu JKY, Aprà E, Asmis KR, Azov VA, Laskin J, Jenne C, Kenttamaa HI, Warneke J. Binding of Saturated and Unsaturated C6-Hydrocarbons to the Electrophilic Anion [B12Br11]−: A Systematic Mechanistic Study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21759-21772. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01042a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The highly reactive gaseous ion [B12Br11]– is a metal-free closed-shell anion which spontaneously forms covalent bonds with hydrocarbon molecules, including alkanes. Herein, we systematically investigate the reaction mechanism for binding...
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3
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Liu S, Cheng J, Li Q, Li W. Gas-phase activation of methane with PtOH+. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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4
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Ravi M, Ranocchiari M, van Bokhoven JA. The Direct Catalytic Oxidation of Methane to Methanol-A Critical Assessment. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Ravi
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marco Ranocchiari
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institute; 5232 Villigen Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Laboratory for Catalysis and Sustainable Chemistry; Paul Scherrer Institute; 5232 Villigen Switzerland
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5
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Ravi M, Ranocchiari M, van Bokhoven JA. Die direkte katalytische Oxidation von Methan zu Methanol - eine kritische Beurteilung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Ravi
- Institut für Chemie- und Bioingenieurwissenschaften; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Marco Ranocchiari
- Labor für Katalyse und nachhaltige Chemie; Paul Scherrer Institut; 5232 Villigen Schweiz
| | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Institut für Chemie- und Bioingenieurwissenschaften; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 8093 Zürich Schweiz
- Labor für Katalyse und nachhaltige Chemie; Paul Scherrer Institut; 5232 Villigen Schweiz
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6
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Schwarz H, Shaik S, Li J. Electronic Effects on Room-Temperature, Gas-Phase C-H Bond Activations by Cluster Oxides and Metal Carbides: The Methane Challenge. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:17201-17212. [PMID: 29112810 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective discusses a story of one molecule (methane), a few metal-oxide cationic clusters (MOCCs), dopants, metal-carbide cations, oriented-electric fields (OEFs), and a dizzying mechanistic landscape of methane activation! One mechanism is hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), which occurs whenever the MOCC possesses a localized oxyl radical (M-O•). Whenever the radical is delocalized, e.g., in [MgO]n•+ the HAT barrier increases due to the penalty of radical localization. Adding a dopant (Ga2O3) to [MgO]2•+ localizes the radical and HAT transpires. Whenever the radical is located on the metal centers as in [Al2O2]•+ the mechanism crosses over to proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET), wherein the positive Al center acts as a Lewis acid that coordinates the methane molecule, while one of the bridging oxygen atoms abstracts a proton, and the negatively charged CH3 moiety relocates to the metal fragment. We provide a diagnostic plot of barriers vs reactants' distortion energies, which allows the chemist to distinguish HAT from PCET. Thus, doping of [MgO]2•+ by Al2O3 enables HAT and PCET to compete. Similarly, [ZnO]•+ activates methane by PCET generating many products. Adding a CH3CN ligand to form [(CH3CN)ZnO]•+ leads to a single HAT product. The CH3CN dipole acts as an OEF that switches off PCET. [MC]+ cations (M = Au, Cu) act by different mechanisms, dictated by the M+-C bond covalence. For example, Cu+, which bonds the carbon atom mostly electrostatically, performs coupling of C to methane to yield ethylene, in a single almost barrier-free step, with an unprecedented atomic choreography catalyzed by the OEF of Cu+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130023, P.R. China
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7
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Zhou S, Li J, Firouzbakht M, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Sequential Gas-Phase Activation of Carbon Dioxide and Methane by [Re(CO) 2] +: The Sequence of Events Matters! J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6169-6176. [PMID: 28403605 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The potential of carbonyl rhenium complexes in activating and coupling carbon dioxide and methane has been explored by using a combination of gas-phase experiments (FT-ICR mass spectrometry) and high-level quantum chemical calculations. While the complexes [Re(CO)x]+ (x = 0, 1, 3) are thermally unreactive toward CO2, [Re(CO)2]+ abstracts one oxygen atom from this substrate spontaneously at ambient conditions. Based on 13C and 18O labeling experiments, the newly generated CO ligand is preferentially eliminated, and two mechanistic scenarios are considered to account for this unexpected finding. The oxo complex [ORe(CO)2]+ reacts further with CH4 to produce the dihydridomethylene complex [ORe(CO)(CH2)(H)2]+. However, coupling of the CO and CH2 ligands to form CH2═C═O does not take place. Further, the complexes [Re(CO)x(CH2)]+ (x = 1, 2), generated in the thermal reaction of [Re(CO)x]+ (x = 1, 2) with CH4, are inert toward CO2. Mechanistic insight on the origin of this remarkable reactivity pattern has been derived from detailed quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Marjan Firouzbakht
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin , Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Zhou S, Li J, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Ursachen der unterschiedlichen Reaktivität von [AlCeO
x
]
+
(
x=
2
–
4) gegenüber Methan in Abhängigkeit vom Sauerstoffgehalt. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130023 VR China
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie Technische Universität Berlin Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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9
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Zhou S, Li J, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. On the Origin of the Remarkably Variable Reactivities of [AlCeO
x
]+
(x=
2-
4) towards Methane as a Function of Oxygen Content. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:413-416. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 P.R. China
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Strasse des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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10
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Sun X, Zhou S, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Thermal Methane Activation by [Si 2 O 5 ] .+ and [Si 2 O 5 H 2 ] .+ : Reactivity Enhancement by Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13345-13348. [PMID: 27650136 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The thermal reactions of methane with the oxygen-rich cluster cations [Si2 O5 ]⋅+ and [Si2 O5 H2 ]⋅+ have been examined using Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry in conjunction with state-of-the-art quantum chemical calculations. In contrast to the inertness of [Si2 O5 ].+ towards methane, the hydrogenated cluster [Si2 O5 H2 ].+ brings about hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) from methane with an efficiency of 28 % relative to the collision rate. The mechanisms of this process have been investigated in detail and the reasons for the striking reactivity difference of the two cluster ions have been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Li J, Zhou S, Schlangen M, Weiske T, Schwarz H. Hidden Hydride Transfer as a Decisive Mechanistic Step in the Reactions of the Unligated Gold Carbide [AuC]+
with Methane under Ambient Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 P.R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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12
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Sun X, Zhou S, Schlangen M, Schwarz H. Thermische Methanaktivierung durch [Si2
O5
].+
und [Si2
O5
H2
].+
: Reaktivitätssteigerung durch Hydrierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Sun
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Deutschland
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13
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Li J, Zhou S, Schlangen M, Weiske T, Schwarz H. Hidden Hydride Transfer as a Decisive Mechanistic Step in the Reactions of the Unligated Gold Carbide [AuC]+
with Methane under Ambient Conditions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13072-13075. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jilai Li
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun 130023 P.R. China
| | - Shaodong Zhou
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Maria Schlangen
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Weiske
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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