1
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Lalisse RF, Hadad CM, Brückner C, Guberman-Pfeffer MJ. [3 + 2]-Cycloadditions with Porphyrin β,β'-Bonds: Theoretical Basis of the Counterintuitive meso-Aryl Group Influence on the Rates of Reaction. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16473-16482. [PMID: 36444511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Removal of a β,β'-bond from meso-tetraarylporphyrin using [3 + 2]-cycloadditions generates meso-tetraarylhydroporphyrins. Literature evidence indicates that meso-tetraphenylporphyrins react more sluggishly with 1,3-dipoles such as ylides and OsO4 (in the presence of pyridine) than meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin. The trend is counterintuitive for the reaction with OsO4, as this formal oxidation reaction is expected to proceed more readily with more electron-rich substrates. This work presents a density functional theory-based computational study of the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) interactions and reaction profile thermodynamics involved in the reaction of archetypical cycloaddition reactions (a simple ylide, OsO4, OsO4·py, OsO4·(py)2, and ozone) with the β,β'-double bonds of variously fluorinated meso-arylporphyrins. The trend observed for the Type I cycloaddition of an ylide is straightforward, as lowering the LUMO of the porphyrin with increasing meso-phenyl-fluorination also lowers the reaction barrier. The corresponding simple FMO analyses of Type III cycloadditions do not correctly model the reaction energetics. This is because increasing fluorination leads to lowering of the porphyrin HOMO-2, thus increasing the reaction barrier. However, coordination of pyridine to OsO4 preorganizes the transition state complex; lowering of the energy barrier by the preorganization exceeds the increase in repulsive orbital interactions, overall accelerating the cycloaddition and rationalizing the counterintuitive experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remy F Lalisse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christopher M Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Matthew J Guberman-Pfeffer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, Connecticut 06510, United States.,Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, 840 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
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2
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Dong C, Yang JJ, Xie LH, Cui G, Fang WH, Li JR. Catalytic ozone decomposition and adsorptive VOCs removal in bimetallic metal-organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4991. [PMID: 36008479 PMCID: PMC9411195 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric ozone has long been a threat to human health, however, rational design of high-performance O3-decomposition catalysts remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate the great potential of a series of isomorphous bimetallic MOFs denoted as PCN-250(Fe2M) (M = Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+) in catalytic O3 decomposition. Particularly, PCN-250(Fe2Co) showed 100% O3 removal efficiency for a continuous air flow containing 1 ppm O3 over a wide humidity range (0 ‒ 80% RH) at room temperature. Mechanism studies suggested that the high catalytic performance originated from the introduction of open Co(II) sites as well as its porous structure. Additionally, at low pressures around 10 Pa, PCN-250(Fe2Co) exhibited high adsorption capacities (89 ‒ 241 mg g-1) for most VOCs, which are not only a class of hazardous air pollutants but also the precursor of O3. This work opens up a new avenue to develop advanced air purification materials for O3 and VOCs removal in one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- grid.28703.3e0000 0000 9040 3743Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, and Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100124 Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Jia Yang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Hua Xie
- grid.28703.3e0000 0000 9040 3743Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, and Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100124 Beijing, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- grid.28703.3e0000 0000 9040 3743Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, and Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100124 Beijing, China
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3
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Thuita DW, Brückner C. Metal Complexes of Porphyrinoids Containing Nonpyrrolic Heterocycles. Chem Rev 2022; 122:7990-8052. [PMID: 35302354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The replacement of one or more pyrrolic building block(s) of a porphyrin by a nonpyrrolic heterocycle leads to the formation of so-called pyrrole-modified porphyrins (PMPs), porphyrinoids of broad structural variability. The wide range of coordination environments (type, number, charge, and architecture of the donor atoms) that the pyrrole-modified frameworks provide to the central metal ions, the frequent presence of donor atoms at their periphery, and their often observed nonplanarity or conformational flexibility distinguish the complexes of the PMPs clearly from those of the traditional square-planar, dianionic, N4-coordinating (hydro)porphyrins. Their different coordination properties suggest their utilization in areas beyond which regular metalloporphyrins are suitable. Following a general introduction to the synthetic methodologies available to generate pyrrole-modified porphyrins, their general structure, history, coordination chemistry, and optical properties, this Review highlights the chemical, electronic (optical), and structural differences of specific classes of metalloporphyrinoids containing nonpyrrolic heterocycles. The focus is on macrocycles with similar "tetrapyrrolic" architectures as porphyrins, thusly excluding the majority of expanded porphyrins. We highlight the relevance and application of these metal complexes in biological and technical fields as chemosensors, catalysts, photochemotherapeutics, or imaging agents. This Review provides an introduction to the field of metallo-PMPs as well as a comprehensive snapshot of the current state of the art of their synthesis, structures, and properties. It also aims to provide encouragement for the further study of these intriguing and structurally versatile metalloporphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris Waiyigo Thuita
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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4
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Brückner C, Chaudhri N, Nevonen DE, Bhattacharya S, Graf A, Kaesmann E, Li R, Guberman-Pfeffer MJ, Mani T, Nimthong-Roldán A, Zeller M, Chauvet AAP, Nemykin V. Structural and Photophysical Characterization of All Five Constitutional Isomers of the Octaethyl-β,β'-dioxo-bacterio- and -isobacteriochlorin Series. Chemistry 2021; 27:16189-16203. [PMID: 34535932 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that treatment of β-octaethylporphyrin with H2 O2 /conc. H2 SO4 converts it to a β-oxochlorin as well as all five constitutional isomers of the corresponding β,β'-dioxo-derivatives: two bacteriochlorin-type isomers (β-oxo groups at opposite pyrrolic building blocks) and three isobacteriochlorin-type isomers (β-oxo-groups at adjacent pyrrolic building blocks). By virtue of the presence of the strongly electronically coupled β-oxo auxochromes, none of the chromophores are archetypical chlorins, bacteriochlorins, or isobacteriochlorins. Here the authors present, inter alia, the single crystal X-ray structures of all free-base diketone isomers and a comparative description of their UV-vis absorption spectra in neutral and acidic solutions, and fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen photosensitization properties, Magnetic Circular Dichroism (MCD) spectra, and singlet excited state lifetimes. DFT computations uncover underlying tautomeric equilibria and electronic interactions controlling their electronic properties, adding to the understanding of porphyrinoids carrying β-oxo functionalities. This comparative study lays the basis for their further study and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - Dustin E Nevonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2 N2, Canada
| | - Sayantan Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Graf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Kaesmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - Ruoshi Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | | | - Tomoyasu Mani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, United States
| | - Arunpatcha Nimthong-Roldán
- Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University One University Plaza, Youngstown, OH 44555-3663, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University One University Plaza, Youngstown, OH 44555-3663, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2084, United States
| | - Adrien A P Chauvet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2 N2, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 552 Buehler Hall, 1420 Circle Dr., Knoxville, TN, 37996-1600, United States
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5
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Chaudhri N, Zeller M, Brückner C. Stepwise Reduction of Octaethyl-β,β'-dioxochlorin Isomers: Access to Structurally and Electronically Diverse Hydroporphyrins. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13951-13964. [PMID: 33085480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Di- and tetrahydroporphyrins (chlorins, bacteriochlorins and isobacteriochlorins, respectively) are key "pigments of life." They have been a major focus of attention in synthetic tetrapyrrole chemistry. A long-known one-pot epoxidation/epoxide ring-opening/pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement of octaethylporphyrin (OEP) generates a β-ketochlorin and all five β,β'-diketone isomers. We present herein the single and double reductions of all isomers of the β,β'-diketones, generating hydroxychlorin and β-hydroxy-β-ketodihydroporphyrin isomers, generally in regioselective manner, and sets of separable stereoisomeric dihydroxytetrahydroporphyrin regioisomers. The connectivity of the regio- and stereoisomers were determined spectroscopically and, in many cases, using single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The optical properties of the chlorin-, bacteriochlorin-, and isobacteriochlorin-type chromophores are described. They highlight general observations on the regiochemical effects of the β-oxo-auxochrome. This contribution thus delineates the formation of a range of regio- and stereoisomers of a family of chromophores with broadly varying optical properties from a single and readily available starting material (OEP) in two straightforward steps, albeit requiring extensive chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chaudhri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2084, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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6
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Thuita D, Damunupola D, Brückner C. Oxazolochlorins 21. Most Efficient Access to meso-Tetraphenyl- and meso-Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porpholactones, and Their Zinc(II) and Platinum(II) Complexes. Molecules 2020; 25:E4351. [PMID: 32972021 PMCID: PMC7570530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
meso-Phenyl- and meso-pentafluorophenyl-porpholactones, their metal complexes, as well as porphyrinoids directly derived from them are useful in a number of technical and biomedical applications, and more uses are expected to be discovered. About a dozen competing and complementary pathways toward their synthesis were reported. The suitability of the methods changes with the meso-aryl group and whether the free base or metal derivatives are sought. These circumstances make it hard for anyone outside of the field of synthetic porphyrin chemistry to ascertain which pathway is the best to produce which specific derivative. We report here on what we experimentally evaluated to be the most efficient pathways to generate the six key compounds from the commercially available porphyrins, meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (TFPP): free base meso-tetraphenylporpholactone (TPL) and meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porpholactone (TFPL), and their platinum(II) and zinc(II) complexes TPLPt, TFPLPt, TPLZn, and TFPLZn, respectively. Detailed procedures are provided to make these intriguing molecules more readily available for their further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, CT 06269–3060, USA; (D.T.); (D.D.)
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7
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Brückner C, Atoyebi AO, Girouard D, Lau KSF, Akhigbe J, Samankumara L, Damunupola D, Khalil GE, Gouterman M, Krause JA, Zeller M. Stepwise Preparation of
meso
‐Tetraphenyl‐ and
meso
‐Tetrakis(4‐trifluoromethylphenyl)bacteriodilactones and their Zinc(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06268‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Adewole O. Atoyebi
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06268‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Derek Girouard
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06268‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Kimberly S. F. Lau
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06268‐3060 Storrs CT USA
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 98195 Seattle WA USA
| | - Joshua Akhigbe
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06268‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Lalith Samankumara
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06268‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Dinusha Damunupola
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06268‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Gamal E. Khalil
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 98195 Seattle WA USA
| | - Martin Gouterman
- Department of Chemistry University of Washington 98195 Seattle WA USA
| | - Jeanette A. Krause
- Department of Chemistry University of Cincinnati 45221‐0172 Cincinnati OH USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry Purdue University 47907‐2084 West Lafayette IN USA
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8
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Atoyebi AO, Brückner C. Observations on the Mechanochemical Insertion of Zinc(II), Copper(II), Magnesium(II), and Select Other Metal(II) Ions into Porphyrins. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:9631-9642. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adewole O. Atoyebi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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9
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Sharma M, Ticho AL, Samankumara L, Zeller M, Brückner C. Conformational Landscapes of Metal(II) Porphyrinato, Chlorinato, and Morpholinochlorinato Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Alexander L. Ticho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Lalith Samankumara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, One University
Plaza, Youngstown, Ohio 44555-3663, United States
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Unit 3060, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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10
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Li R, Zeller M, Brückner C. Surprising Outcomes of Classic Ring‐Expansion Conditions Applied to Octaethyloxochlorin, 1. Baeyer–Villiger‐Oxidation Conditions. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshi Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs 06368‐3060 CT USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry Youngstown State University One University Plaza 44555‐3663 Youngstown OH USA
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs 06368‐3060 CT USA
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11
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Li R, Zeller M, Bruhn T, Brückner C. Surprising Outcomes of Classic Ring‐Expansion Conditions Applied to Octaethyloxochlorin, 3. Schmidt‐Reaction Conditions. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshi Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs 06368‐3060 CT USA
| | - Mathias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry Youngstown State University One University Plaza 44555‐3663 Youngstown OH USA
| | - Torsten Bruhn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs 06368‐3060 CT USA
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12
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Li R, Meehan E, Zeller M, Brückner C. Surprising Outcomes of Classic Ring‐Expansion Conditions Applied to Octaethyloxochlorin, 2. Beckmann‐Rearrangement Conditions. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruoshi Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06368‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Eileen Meehan
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06368‐3060 Storrs CT USA
| | - Mathias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry Youngstown State University 44555‐3663 Youngstown OH USA
| | - Christian Brückner
- Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut 06368‐3060 Storrs CT USA
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13
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Hu JY, Wu ZY, Chai K, Yang ZS, Meng YS, Ning Y, Zhang J, Zhang JL. β-Fluorinated porpholactones and metal complexes: synthesis, characterization and some spectroscopic studies. Inorg Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qi00375g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of β-fluorinated porpholactones by oxidation of the fluorinated CC bond of the pyrrolic subunit in porphyrin using the “RuCl3 + Oxone®” protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yun Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing
| | - Zhuo-Yan Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing
| | - Ke Chai
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Zi-Shu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing
| | - Yin-Shan Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing
| | - Yingying Ning
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing
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14
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Abstract
A number of oxidants convert chromene-annulated porphyrins into porpholactones, monomeric or dimeric β-modified chromene-annulated chlorins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry
- Youngstown State University
- One University Plaza
- Youngstown
- USA
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