1
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Chae K, Mohamad NARC, Kim J, Won DI, Lin Z, Kim J, Kim DH. The promise of chiral electrocatalysis for efficient and sustainable energy conversion and storage: a comprehensive review of the CISS effect and future directions. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39158537 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00316g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The integration of chirality, specifically through the chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, into electrocatalytic processes represents a pioneering approach for enhancing the efficiency of energy conversion and storage systems. This review delves into the burgeoning field of chiral electrocatalysis, elucidating the fundamental principles, historical development, theoretical underpinnings, and practical applications of the CISS effect across a spectrum of electrocatalytic reactions, including the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). We explore the methodological advancements in inducing the CISS effect through structural and surface engineering and discuss various techniques for its measurement, from magnetic conductive atomic force microscopy (mc-AFM) to hydrogen peroxide titration. Furthermore, this review highlights the transformative potential of the CISS effect in addressing the key challenges of the NRR and CO2RR processes and in mitigating singlet oxygen formation in metal-air batteries, thereby improving their performance and durability. Through this comprehensive overview, we aim to underscore the significant role of incorporating chirality and spin polarization in advancing electrocatalytic technologies for sustainable energy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Chae
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Nur Aqlili Riana Che Mohamad
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Jeonghyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Dong-Il Won
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore.
| | - Jeongwon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Dong Ha Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea.
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2
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Hong CN, Yan M, Borodin O, Pollard TP, Wu L, Reiter M, Vazquez DG, Trapp K, Yoo JM, Shpigel N, Feldblyum JI, Lukatskaya MR. Robust battery interphases from dilute fluorinated cations. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2024; 17:4137-4146. [PMID: 38899028 PMCID: PMC11185048 DOI: 10.1039/d4ee00296b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Controlling solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in batteries is crucial for their efficient cycling. Herein, we demonstrate an approach to enable robust battery performance that does not rely on high fractions of fluorinated species in electrolytes, thus substantially decreasing the environmental footprint and cost of high-energy batteries. In this approach, we use very low fractions of readily reducible fluorinated cations in electrolyte (∼0.1 wt%) and employ electrostatic attraction to generate a substantial population of these cations at the anode surface. As a result, we can form a robust fluorine-rich SEI that allows for dendrite-free deposition of dense Li and stable cycling of Li-metal full cells with high-voltage cathodes. Our approach represents a general strategy for delivering desired chemical species to battery anodes through electrostatic attraction while using minute amounts of additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chulgi Nathan Hong
- Electrochemical Energy Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Mengwen Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Oleg Borodin
- Battery Science Branch, DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory Adelphi MD 20783 USA
| | - Travis P Pollard
- Battery Science Branch, DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory Adelphi MD 20783 USA
| | - Langyuan Wu
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University Ariel 40700 Israel
| | - Manuel Reiter
- Electrochemical Energy Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Dario Gomez Vazquez
- Electrochemical Energy Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Katharina Trapp
- Electrochemical Energy Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Ji Mun Yoo
- Electrochemical Energy Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich Zürich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Netanel Shpigel
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University Ariel 40700 Israel
| | - Jeremy I Feldblyum
- Department of Chemistry, The University at Albany, State University of New York Albany NY 12222 USA
| | - Maria R Lukatskaya
- Electrochemical Energy Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich Zürich 8092 Switzerland
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3
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Mullinax JW, Bauschlicher CW, Lawson JW. Modeling Singlet Oxygen-Induced Degradation Pathways Including Environmental Effects of 1,2-Dimethoxyethane in Li–O 2 Batteries through Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7997-8006. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Wayne Mullinax
- KBR, Inc., Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Charles W. Bauschlicher
- Thermal Protection Materials Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - John W. Lawson
- Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
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4
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Pierini A, Brutti S, Bodo E. Reactions in non-aqueous alkali and alkaline-earth metal-oxygen batteries: a thermodynamic study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24487-24496. [PMID: 34698734 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent aprotic metal-oxygen batteries are a novel concept in the applied electrochemistry field. These systems are variants of the so-called Li-air batteries and up to present are in their research infancy. The superoxide disproportionation reaction is a crucial step for the operation of any metal-oxygen redox system using aprotic solvents: in the best scenario, disproportionation leads to peroxide formation while in the worse one it releases singlet molecular oxygen. In this work we address the fundamental thermodynamics of such reaction for alkali (Li, Na and K) and alkaline earth (Be, Mg and Ca) metal-O2 systems using multiconfigurational ab initio methods. Our aim is to draw a comprehensive description of the disproportionation reaction from superoxides to peroxides and to provide the thermodynamic likelihood of the pathways to singlet oxygen release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Pierini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P. A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Sergio Brutti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P. A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy. .,GISEL-Centro di Riferimento Nazionale per i Sistemi di Accumulo Elettrochimico di Energia, INSTM, via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Enrico Bodo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", P. A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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5
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Ue M, Asahina H, Matsuda S, Uosaki K. Material balance in the O 2 electrode of Li-O 2 cells with a porous carbon electrode and TEGDME-based electrolytes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:42971-42982. [PMID: 35514881 PMCID: PMC9058141 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07924c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This work figures out the material balance of the reactions occurring in the O2 electrode of a Li–O2 cell, where a Ketjenblack-based porous carbon electrode comes into contact with a tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME)-based electrolyte under more practical conditions of less electrolyte amount and high areal capacity. The ratio of electrolyte weight to cell capacity (E/C, g A h−1) is a good parameter to correlate with cycle life. Only 5 cycles were obtained at an areal capacity of 4 mA h cm−2 (E/C = 10) and a discharge/charge current density of 0.4 mA cm−2, which corresponds to the energy density of 170 W h kg−1 at a complete cell level. When the areal capacity was decreased to half (E/C = 20) by setting a current density at 0.2 mA cm−2, the cycle life was extended to 18 cycles. However, the total electric charge consumed for parasitic reactions was 35 and 59% at the first and the third cycle, respectively. This surprisingly large amount of parasitic reactions was suppressed by half using redox mediators at 0.4 mA cm−2 while keeping a similar cycle life. Based on by-product distribution, we will propose possible mechanisms of TEGDME decomposition and report a water breathing behavior, where H2O is produced during charge and consumed during discharge. The material balance in the O2 electrode of a Li–O2 cell with a Ketjenblack-based porous carbon electrode and a tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether-based electrolyte under more practical conditions of less electrolyte amount and high areal capacity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ue
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Japan
| | - Hitoshi Asahina
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Japan .,SoftBank-NIMS Advanced Technologies Development Center 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Shoichi Matsuda
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Japan .,SoftBank-NIMS Advanced Technologies Development Center 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
| | - Kohei Uosaki
- Center for Green Research on Energy and Environmental Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Japan .,SoftBank-NIMS Advanced Technologies Development Center 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
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6
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Pierini A, Brutti S, Bodo E. Superoxide Anion Disproportionation Induced by Li
+
and H
+
: Pathways to
1
O
2
Release in Li−O
2
Batteries. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2060-2067. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Pierini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Sergio Brutti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
| | - Enrico Bodo
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza P.le Aldo Moro 5 00185 Roma Italy
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7
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Kwak WJ, Rosy, Sharon D, Xia C, Kim H, Johnson LR, Bruce PG, Nazar LF, Sun YK, Frimer AA, Noked M, Freunberger SA, Aurbach D. Lithium-Oxygen Batteries and Related Systems: Potential, Status, and Future. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6626-6683. [PMID: 32134255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 °C requires a drastic reduction in CO2 emissions across many sectors of the world economy. Batteries are vital to this endeavor, whether used in electric vehicles, to store renewable electricity, or in aviation. Present lithium-ion technologies are preparing the public for this inevitable change, but their maximum theoretical specific capacity presents a limitation. Their high cost is another concern for commercial viability. Metal-air batteries have the highest theoretical energy density of all possible secondary battery technologies and could yield step changes in energy storage, if their practical difficulties could be overcome. The scope of this review is to provide an objective, comprehensive, and authoritative assessment of the intensive work invested in nonaqueous rechargeable metal-air batteries over the past few years, which identified the key problems and guides directions to solve them. We focus primarily on the challenges and outlook for Li-O2 cells but include Na-O2, K-O2, and Mg-O2 cells for comparison. Our review highlights the interdisciplinary nature of this field that involves a combination of materials chemistry, electrochemistry, computation, microscopy, spectroscopy, and surface science. The mechanisms of O2 reduction and evolution are considered in the light of recent findings, along with developments in positive and negative electrodes, electrolytes, electrocatalysis on surfaces and in solution, and the degradative effect of singlet oxygen, which is typically formed in Li-O2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Jin Kwak
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.,Energy & Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Rosy
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.,Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Daniel Sharon
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chun Xia
- Department of Chemistry and the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Hun Kim
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee R Johnson
- School of Chemistry and GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2TU, U.K
| | - Peter G Bruce
- Departments of Materials and Chemistry, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, U.K
| | - Linda F Nazar
- Department of Chemistry and the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yang-Kook Sun
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Aryeh A Frimer
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Malachi Noked
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.,Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Stefan A Freunberger
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria.,Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Doron Aurbach
- Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.,Bar-Ilan Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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8
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Cui Q, Zhang P, Wang J. Electrochemical Oxidation of Li 2O 2 Surface-Doped with Li 2CO 3. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:6627-6632. [PMID: 31922718 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation of Li2O2, i.e., the charging reaction of the aprotic lithium-oxygen batteries (Li-O2 batteries), is significantly influenced by its surface chemistry. Here, the surface species of Li2CO3, widely identified together with Li2O2 at the end of discharge, is investigated to understand its implication for the oxidation of Li2O2. In situ doping Li2O2 with various amounts of Li2CO3 has been obtained by reacting with CO2 gas in a controlled way, and the electrochemical oxidation of the doped Li2O2 is studied with a quantitative differential electrochemical mass spectrometer (DEMS). Instead of a single charging potential plateau and one O2 gas evolution stage for the pristine Li2O2, Li2CO3-doped Li2O2 exhibits two O2/CO2 gas evolution stages and three charging plateaus characterized with the larger overpotential for the initial and final stages. The conductivity of Li2CO3 dopant is invoked to explain the different oxidation behaviors of Li2CO3-doped Li2O2. The DEMS study of the electrochemical oxidation of isotope-labeled Li213CO3 is also conducted to identify the origins of O2 and CO2 evolution during the oxidation of Li2CO3-doped Li2O2. The results reported here provide an improved understanding of the Li2O2 oxidation in the presence of parasitic Li2CO3 species and will contribute to the future development of Li-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun , Jilin 130022 , P. R. China
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9
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Karkera G, Prakash AS. Decoupling the Cumulative Contributions of Capacity Fade in Ethereal-Based Li-O 2 Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:27870-27881. [PMID: 31298520 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the loop of numerous challenges and ambiguities, Li-O2 batteries are crawling to reach their commercialization phase. To achieve the progressive milestones, along with the developments in the architecture of cathodes, anodes, and electrolytes, understanding its failure mode is equally important. Under an unrestricted charge-discharge protocol, cyclability of nonaqueous Li-O2 batteries are limited to only a few cycles. This report examines an additive-free ether-based Li-O2 battery in the perspective of identifying the origin of possible side reactions and their affiliations to integral components of the battery. Structural and compositional changes during every charge-discharge sequence are studied using bottom-up sequential tear-down analysis. The substantial increase in impedance and corresponding decrease in capacities after every cycle are interrelated to the amount of electrode passivation resulting from the discharge products and electrolyte decomposition. From the tear-down analysis, it is approximated that, among the total capacity loss, ≈55% is attributed to the cathode, ≈28% of the loss corresponds to the anode, and ≈17% is attributed to the electrolyte, given that battery failure instigates from the "reactive oxygen species". Electrochemically formed Li2O2 via the superoxide pathway induces large decomposition overpotentials up to 4.6 V versus Li/Li+ because of its overrated reactivity with electrolytes and carbon supports. On the contrary, efficient decomposition of chemically formed Li2O2 below 3.9 V proves that the extra charge potential observed for electrochemically formed Li2O2 is in fact consumed for the decomposition of irreversibly formed side products via the superoxide pathway. Spontaneous reactivity of Li2O2 and trivial reactivity of Li2O highlight the need of advanced strategies to maneuver oxygen red-ox in selective pathways that unalter the electrolyte and electrodes, and the necessity of their synchronized performance for the evolution of practical Li-O2 batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guruprakash Karkera
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Chennai Unit , CSIR Madras Complex , Taramani, Chennai 600113 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Chennai Unit , CSIR Madras Complex , Chennai 600113 , India
| | - Annigere S Prakash
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Chennai Unit , CSIR Madras Complex , Taramani, Chennai 600113 , India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) , CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute-Chennai Unit , CSIR Madras Complex , Chennai 600113 , India
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10
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Cazares-Cortes E, Baker BC, Nishimori K, Ouchi M, Tournilhac F. Polymethacrylic Acid Shows Thermoresponsivity in an Organic Solvent. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Cazares-Cortes
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials Laboratory, CNRS, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin C. Baker
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials Laboratory, CNRS, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kana Nishimori
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510 Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Nishikyo-ku, 615-8510 Kyoto, Japan
| | - François Tournilhac
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials Laboratory, CNRS, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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11
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Rechargeable lithium-ion system based on lithium-vanadium(III) phosphate and lithium titanate and the peculiarity of it functioning. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-2374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Schafzahl L, Mahne N, Schafzahl B, Wilkening M, Slugovc C, Borisov SM, Freunberger SA. Singlet Oxygen during Cycling of the Aprotic Sodium-O 2 Battery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15728-15732. [PMID: 29024316 PMCID: PMC5725720 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aprotic sodium–O2 batteries require the reversible formation/dissolution of sodium superoxide (NaO2) on cycling. Poor cycle life has been associated with parasitic chemistry caused by the reactivity of electrolyte and electrode with NaO2, a strong nucleophile and base. Its reactivity can, however, not consistently explain the side reactions and irreversibility. Herein we show that singlet oxygen (1O2) forms at all stages of cycling and that it is a main driver for parasitic chemistry. It was detected in‐ and ex‐situ via a 1O2 trap that selectively and rapidly forms a stable adduct with 1O2. The 1O2 formation mechanism involves proton‐mediated superoxide disproportionation on discharge, rest, and charge below ca. 3.3 V, and direct electrochemical 1O2 evolution above ca. 3.3 V. Trace water, which is needed for high capacities also drives parasitic chemistry. Controlling the highly reactive singlet oxygen is thus crucial for achieving highly reversible cell operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schafzahl
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Nika Mahne
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Bettina Schafzahl
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Wilkening
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sergey M Borisov
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan A Freunberger
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010, Graz, Austria
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13
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Schafzahl L, Mahne N, Schafzahl B, Wilkening M, Slugovc C, Borisov SM, Freunberger SA. Singulett-Sauerstoff in der aprotischen Natrium-O2
-Batterie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Schafzahl
- Institut für Chemische Technologie von Materialien; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Nika Mahne
- Institut für Chemische Technologie von Materialien; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Bettina Schafzahl
- Institut für Chemische Technologie von Materialien; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Martin Wilkening
- Institut für Chemische Technologie von Materialien; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Christian Slugovc
- Institut für Chemische Technologie von Materialien; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Sergey M. Borisov
- Institut für Analytische Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
| | - Stefan A. Freunberger
- Institut für Chemische Technologie von Materialien; Technische Universität Graz; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Österreich
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14
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Mahne N, Fontaine O, Thotiyl MO, Wilkening M, Freunberger SA. Mechanism and performance of lithium-oxygen batteries - a perspective. Chem Sci 2017; 8:6716-6729. [PMID: 29147497 PMCID: PMC5643885 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02519j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rechargeable Li-O2 batteries have amongst the highest formal energy and could store significantly more energy than other rechargeable batteries in practice if at least a large part of their promise could be realized. Realization, however, still faces many challenges than can only be overcome by fundamental understanding of the processes taking place. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the chemistry of the Li-O2 cathode and provide a perspective on dominant research needs. We put particular emphasis on issues that are often grossly misunderstood: realistic performance metrics and their reporting as well as identifying reversibility and quantitative measures to do so. Parasitic reactions are the prime obstacle for reversible cell operation and have recently been identified to be predominantly caused by singlet oxygen and not by reduced oxygen species as thought before. We discuss the far reaching implications of this finding on electrolyte and cathode stability, electrocatalysis, and future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Mahne
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria .
| | - Olivier Fontaine
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier , UMR 5253, CC 1701 , Université Montpellier , Place Eugène Bataillon , 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5 , France
- Réseau sur le Stockage Electrochimique de l'énergie (RS2E) , FR CNRS , France
| | - Musthafa Ottakam Thotiyl
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) , Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan , Pune , 411008 , India
| | - Martin Wilkening
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria .
| | - Stefan A Freunberger
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials , Graz University of Technology , Stremayrgasse 9 , 8010 Graz , Austria .
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Giacco D, Carboni M, Brutti S, Marrani AG. Noticeable Role of TFSI - Anion in the Carbon Cathode Degradation of Li-O 2 Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31710-31720. [PMID: 28853551 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work we address the phenomena at the basis of the performance loss in a Li-O2 cell operating in the presence of a lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)/tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) salt/solvent couple and a porous carbonaceous cathode. The cell was discharged/charged applying both voltage and capacity limits, and the effects of repeated galvanostatic cycling were addressed. The ex situ characterization of carbonaceous cathodes corresponding to different cutoff voltages was based on vibrational spectroscopies, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The reversible precipitation/decomposition of undesired products deriving from degradation of both carbon cathode and ethereal solvent is pointed out within a single voltage limited (2.0-4.6 V) discharge/charge cycle, whereas their irreversible accumulation on the surface of the electrode results after 100 capacity limited cycles. At the same time, the presence of polar degradation products (carbonates and carboxylates) at the cathode surface is accompanied by the buildup of a surface electric potential gradient, as revealed by differential binding energy shifts resulting from C 1s photoelectron spectra. This effect, seldom reported for Li-ion batteries, is for the first time put in evidence for a Li-O2 cell. Furthermore, the use of TFSI- anion is shown to lead to carbonate-based degradation products not involving the formation of Li2CO3. The peculiar occurrence of such degradation phenomena are attributed to the intrinsic low-donor number characteristic of the TFSI- anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giacco
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome , P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Carboni
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome , P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Brutti
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata , V.le Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISC-CNR), Via dei Taurini, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea G Marrani
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome , P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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