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Schädle D, Litlabø R, Meermann-Zimmermann M, Thim-Spöring R, Schädle C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Törnroos KW, Anwander R. Rare-Earth-Metal Methyl and Methylidene Complexes Stabilized by Tp R,R'-Scorpionato Ligands─Size Matters. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9624-9637. [PMID: 38407062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Homoleptic tetramethylaluminates Ln(AlMe4)3 react with KTptBu,Me (TptBu,Me = tris(3-tBu-5-Me-pyrazolyl)borato) to yield rare-earth-metal methylidene complexes (TptBu,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)AlMe2]2 (Ln = La, Ce, Nd). The lanthanum reaction is prone to additional C-H- and B-N-bond activation, affording coproducts La[HB(pzMe,tBu)(pzCMe2,Me)2][(μ-CH2)(μ-Me)AlMe2]2 and [La(μ-pztBu,Me)(AlMe4)2]2 (pztBu,Me = 3-tBu-5-Me-pyrazolato). The protonolysis reaction of Ln(AlMe4)3 and HpztBu,Me provides more efficient access to [Ln(μ-pztBu,Me)(AlMe4)2]2 (Ln = La, Nd). Treatment of Ln(AlMe4)3 with KTpMe,Me led to methylidene complexes (TpMe,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)AlMe2]2 (Ln = Nd, Sm) or bis(tetramethylaluminate) complexes (TpMe,Me)Ln(AlMe4)2 (Ln = Y, Lu). The neodymium reaction generated methine derivative (TpMe,Me)Nd[(μ4-CH)(AlMe2)2(μ-pz,Me,Me)][(μ-Me)AlMe2] as a minor coproduct. The reaction of Ln(GaMe4)3 (Ln = Y, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Ho) with HTptBu,Me gave methylidene complexes (TptBu,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)GaMe2]2 (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Sm) and alkyl complexes (TptBu,Me)LnMe[(μ-Me)GaMe3] (Ln = Y, Ho), while competing B-N bond activation reactions produced GaMe2[BH(Me)(μ-pztBu,Me)2] and (TptBu,Me)Ln(η2-pztBu,Me)[(μ-Me)GaMe3] (Ln = Y, Ho). The steric impact of the TpR,Me ligands was examined by cone angle calculations. Rare-earth-metal methylidene complexes (TptBu,Me)Ln(μ3-CH2)[(μ-Me)EMe2]2 (E = Al, Ga) successfully promote carbonyl methylenation reactions upon addition of ketone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rannveig Litlabø
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Melanie Meermann-Zimmermann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Renita Thim-Spöring
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karl W Törnroos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Mortis A, Malzacher J, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Reactivity of a Neutral Yttrium(III) Trimethyl Complex toward Brønsted and Lewis Acids. Chemistry 2024:e202401687. [PMID: 38747419 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The present study corroborates that the neutral tridentate N-ligand 1,4,7-trimethyl-triazacyclononane (Me3TACN) qualifies as a versatile platform to study selective ligand exchange with rare-earth-metal alkyl complexes, herein [(Me3TACN)YMe3]. Treatment with Brønsted-acidic bis(dimethylsilyl)amine, HN(SiHMe2)2, gave selectively the mono-exchanged heteroleptic complex [(Me3TACN)YMe2{N(SiHMe2)2}]. Depending on the molecular ratio employed, the reaction of [(Me3TACN)YMe3] with AlMe3 resulted in the isolation/crystallization of [(Me3TACN)YMe2(AlMe4)] [1 : 1] or ion-separated [(Me3TACN)YMe(AlMe4)][AlMe4] [1 : 2] and [(Me3TACN)YMe(AlMe4)][Al2Me7] [1 : 3]. Analogous reactions with the heavier group 13 methyls GaMe3 and InMe3 generated mixed methyl/tetramethylgallato complex [(Me3TACN)YMe2(GaMe4)] and ion-separated [{(Me3TACN)YMe2}2{μ-Me}][InMe4]. Finally, dimethylalane, HAlMe2, converted [(Me3TACN)YMe3] into heteroaluminate [(Me3TACN)Y(HAlMe3)3], representing an AlMe3-supported, molecular yttrium trihydride complex. All compounds were investigated by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), homo- and heteronuclear (13C, 27Al, 89Y, 115In) NMR as well as IR spectroscopies and elemental analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mortis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Malzacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Mortis A, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Mixed Methyl/Chlorido Yttrium(III) Complexes Supported by a Neutral Tridentate N-Donor Ligand. Organometallics 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mortis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Spiridopoulos G, Bonath M, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Gallium Methylene in the Pocket. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Spiridopoulos
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Bonath
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Well-defined phosphate yttrium dialkyl complexes for catalytic stereo-controllable 1,4-polymerization of isoprene. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mortis A, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Yttrium tris(trimethylsilylmethyl) complexes grafted onto MCM-48 mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1070-1085. [PMID: 34939637 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of tris(trimethylsilylmethyl) yttrium donor adduct complexes was synthesized and fully characterized by X-ray diffraction, 1H/13C/29Si/31P/89Y heteronuclear NMR and FTIR spectroscopies as well as elemental analyses. Treatment of Y(CH2SiMe3)3(thf)x with various donors Do led to complete (Do = TMEDA, DMAP) and partial displacement of THF (Do = NHCiPr, DMPE). Exceptionally large 89Y NMR shifts to low field were observed for the new complexes. Complexes Y(CH2SiMe3)3(tmeda) and Y(CH2SiMe3)3(dmpe)(thf) were chosen to perform surface organometallic chemistry, due to a comparatively higher thermal stability and the availability of the 31P nucleus as a spectroscopic probe, respectively. Mesoporous nanoparticles of the MCM-48-type were synthesized and used as a 3rd generation silica support. The parent and hybrid materials were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, solid-state-NMR spectroscopy, DRIFTS, elemental analyses, N2-physisorption, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of surface-bound yttrium alkyl moieties was further proven by the reaction with carbon dioxide. Quantification of the surface silanol population by means of HN(SiHMe2)2-promoted surface silylation is shown to be superior to titration with lithium alkyl LiCH2SiMe3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Mortis
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Bayer U, Liang Y, Anwander R. Cerium Pyrazolates Grafted onto Mesoporous Silica SBA-15: Reversible CO 2 Uptake and Catalytic Cycloaddition of Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14605-14614. [PMID: 32975938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The activation and catalytic conversion of CO2 is a current topic relating to molecular chemistry and materials science alike. As a transdisciplinary field of research, surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) might be applicable to perform synergistically, thus striking a new path in sustainable chemistry. Both ceric and cerous rare-earth-metal pyrazolates, which were recently shown to reversibly insert CO2 and to promote the catalytic cycloaddition of epoxides and carbon dioxide, were grafted onto large-pore mesoporous silica SBA-15500, thermally pretreated at 500 °C. The obtained hybrid materials [Ce(Me2pz)4]2@SBA-15500, Ce(Me2pz)4(thf)@SBA-15500, Ce4(Me2pz)12@SBA-15500, and [Ce(Me2pz)3(thf)]2@SBA-15500 (Me2pz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolato) were characterized by DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy), solid-state 1H/13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, ICP/OES, and N2 physisorption. The lanthanum(III)-based material [La(Me2pz)3(thf)]2@SBA-15500 was synthesized for better assessment of the cerous materials being highly sensitive to oxidation. To mimic ceric surface species, Ce[OSi(OtBu)3]3Cl was treated with 1 equiv of K(Me2pz), generating the mixed pyrazolyl/siloxy complex KCe[OSi(OtBu)3]4(Me2pz) featuring a cerium(IV)-bonded terminal pyrazolato ligand. All hybrid materials show efficient and reversible carbon dioxide uptake of maximum 20 wt % in the solid state. When combined with tetra-n-butylammonium bromide (TBAB), the hybrid materials catalyze the cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides, displaying good conversion of various epoxides and reusability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Bayer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yucang Liang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Birkelbach VM, Stuhl C, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Mixed Methyl Aryloxy Rare-Earth-Metal Complexes Stabilized by a Superbulky Tris(pyrazolyl)borato Ligand. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena M. Birkelbach
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Stuhl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Coordination chemistry of organometallic or inorganic binary group 14/16 units towards d-block and f-block metal atoms. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Thim R, Schädle D, Maichle‐Mössmer C, Anwander R. Rare‐Earth Metal Diimide Complexes via Alkylaluminate Templating, Including a Ceric Derivative. Chemistry 2018; 25:507-511. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renita Thim
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Dorothea Schädle
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle‐Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieEberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Le Roux E, Liang Y, Anwander R. Silica-Grafted Neodymium Catalysts for the Production of Ultrahigh-Molecular-Weight cis
-1,4-Polyisoprene. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201701830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Le Roux
- Kjemisk Institutt; Universitetet i Bergen; Allégaten 41 5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Yucang Liang
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen; Auf der Morgenstelle 18 72076 Tübingen Germany
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Edelmann FT. Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2016. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Huerta-Lavorie R, Báez-Rodríguez DV, García-Ríos J, Martínez-Vollbert E, Martínez-Otero D, Jancik V. Molecular rare earth metal alumosilicates. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6069-6078. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00874k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The resulting structure of the rare-earth metal alumosilicates depends strongly on the lanthanide radii and the acidity of Al–OH and Si–OH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Huerta-Lavorie
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM
- Toluca 50200
- Mexico
| | | | - Jessica García-Ríos
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM
- Toluca 50200
- Mexico
| | | | - Diego Martínez-Otero
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM
- Toluca 50200
- Mexico
| | - Vojtech Jancik
- Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable UAEM-UNAM
- Toluca 50200
- Mexico
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Friedrich J, Maichle-Mössmer C, Anwander R. Synthesis and derivatisation of ceric tris(tert-butoxy)siloxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:12044-12047. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06499c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heteroleptic ceric Ce[OSi(OtBu)3]3Cl(thf) is straightforwardly obtained from cerous Ce[OSi(OtBu)3]3(thf)2 and trityl chloride and gives access to the terminal siloxy/methoxy derivative Ce[OSi(OtBu)3]3(OCH3)(thf)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 18
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Cäcilia Maichle-Mössmer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 18
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Reiner Anwander
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Tübingen
- Auf der Morgenstelle 18
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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