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Bąk KM, Trzaskowski B, Chmielewski MJ. Anion-templated synthesis of a switchable fluorescent [2]catenane with sulfate sensing capability. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1796-1809. [PMID: 38303949 PMCID: PMC10829038 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Anion templation strategies have facilitated the synthesis of various catenane and rotaxane hosts capable of strong and selective binding of anions in competitive solvents. However, this approach has primarily relied on positively charged precursors, limiting the structural diversity and the range of potential applications of the anion-templated mechanically interlocked molecules. Here we demonstrate the synthesis of a rare electroneutral [2]catenane using a powerful, doubly charged sulfate template and a complementary diamidocarbazole-based hydrogen bonding precursor. Owing to the unique three-dimensional hydrogen bonding cavity and the embedded carbazole fluorophores, the resulting catenane receptor functions as a sensitive fluorescent turn-ON sensor for the highly hydrophilic sulfate, even in the presence of a large excess of water. Importantly, the [2]catenane exhibits enhanced binding affinity and selectivity for sulfate over its parent macrocycle and other acyclic diamidocarbazole-based receptors. We demonstrate also, for the first time, that the co-conformation of the catenane may be controlled by reversible acid/base induced protonation and deprotonation of the anionic template, SO42-. This approach pioneers a new strategy to induce molecular motion of interlocked components using switchable anionic templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M Bąk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał J Chmielewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
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Tian Y, Huang X, Li H, Chen Q, Gong X, Chen H, Fan M, Gong Z. Highly sensitive and selective off-on fluorescent platform for tricresyl phosphate flame retardant based on twisted intramolecular charge transfer probe. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1285:342009. [PMID: 38057048 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tricresyl phosphate (TCP), a typical organic phosphorus flame retardant (OPFR), is an emerging pollutant that causes great concern in recent years due to its high neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity, etc. Conventional analysis methods for TCP such as gas chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry exhibit high sensitivity and accuracy. However, these techniques generally suffer from certain limitations, such as high cost, bulky equipment, time-consuming and operator-dependent properties. Therefore, the establishment of fast and efficient analytical methods for TCP still remains a great challenge. RESULT A "turn on" fluorescence sensing strategy for the efficient detection of TCP was established, based on a unique molecular rotor probe of 9-(2,2-dicyanovinyl)-julolidine (DCVJ). The introduction of TCP led to a significant enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of DCVJ. The results show that twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) process might play an important role for this enhancement of fluorescence response via dynamic light scattering measurements and fluorescence lifetime analysis. Further investigations demonstrate that the hydrophobic interaction and conjugation effect between DCVJ and TCP constrain the molecular rotation and vibration of DCVJ, thereby regulating the TICT process, which contribute to this intriguing "turn on" behavior. In view of this, a new sensing platform with excellent performance for TCP was established, which offers quick response time, high selectivity, wide linear range (20-1200 ng mL-1, 1600-8000 ng mL-1), and low detection limit (4.82 ng mL-1). SIGNIFICANCE The established new sensing platform for TCP demonstrates the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, excellent sensitivity and selectivity. The obtained results are also superior to some other previously reported fluorescence methods. This work opens up a new perspective for the efficient detection of emerging OPFRs pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulu Tian
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Hangzhou Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Qiumeng Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Xinying Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Biogeochemistry & Environmental Quality Research Group, Clemson University, South Carolina 29442, United States
| | - Meikun Fan
- State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Zhengjun Gong
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China; State-province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Spatial Information Technology of High-Speed Rail Safety, Chengdu 611756, China.
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Kataev EA. Converting pH probes into "turn-on" fluorescent receptors for anions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1717-1727. [PMID: 36722999 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06194e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Recognition of anions by synthetic receptors is an integral part of supramolecular chemistry continuing to expand and find new application areas in our daily life. Many applications require visualization of anion recognition events, and the generated analytical signal is used to quantify anions in solution. Transferring a binding event to a measured signal is a challenging task. The design of a synthetic receptor must involve not only the perfectly positioned binding sites with complementary noncovalent interactions for a guest but should also realize the sensing mechanism that generates a strong analytical response upon guest binding. This feature article outlines the design concept for the construction of "turn-on" fluorescent receptors for anions involving fluorescent pH probes. Applications of this concept for the construction of synthetic fluorescent receptors for inorganic anions and nucleotides are described. Features of the obtained receptors and possible competing binding and sensing processes in solution are analyzed to understand the scope and limitations of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Kataev
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Oshchepkov AS, Shumilova TA, Zerson M, Magerle R, Khrustalev VN, Kataev EA. Conformational Selection in Anion Recognition: cGMP-Selective Binding by a Naphthalimide-Functionalized Amido-Amine Macrocycle. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9034-9043. [PMID: 31117577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amido-amine macrocycles with two and four naphthalimide dyes were designed to bind nucleoside monophosphates and oligonucleotides in an aqueous buffered solution. Anion-templated synthesis was used to direct the macrocyclization reaction to the [2+2] product, while high dilution conditions favored the formation of the [4+4] macrocycle with an unprecedented geometry, as revealed from the X-ray analysis. The [2+2] product was found to exhibit a remarkable binding strength and fluorescence response for cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in an aqueous solution. To our knowledge, this is the first synthetic receptor for cGMP, which also demonstrates a high preference to bind guanine-rich sequences accomplished by a strong fluorescence quenching. The receptor conformation is very sensitive to the guest structure in an aqueous solution, thus modeling the adaptive behavior of proteins. The study of synthetic systems with a detectable conformational equilibrium represents a great potential for understanding highly specific and tightly regulated interactions in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr S Oshchepkov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Chemnitz 09107 , Germany.,Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , Moscow 117198 , Russia
| | - Tatiana A Shumilova
- Faculty of Natural Sciences , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Chemnitz 09107 , Germany
| | - Mario Zerson
- Faculty of Natural Sciences , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Chemnitz 09107 , Germany
| | - Robert Magerle
- Faculty of Natural Sciences , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Chemnitz 09107 , Germany
| | - Victor N Khrustalev
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) , Moscow 117198 , Russia.,National Research Center (Kurchatov Institute) , Moscow 123098 , Russia
| | - Evgeny A Kataev
- Faculty of Natural Sciences , Technische Universität Chemnitz , Chemnitz 09107 , Germany
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Bąk KM, Masłowska K, Chmielewski MJ. Selective turn-on fluorescence sensing of sulfate in aqueous-organic mixtures by an uncharged bis(diamidocarbazole) receptor. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 15:5968-5975. [PMID: 28675234 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01358b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A linear, uncharged, hydrogen bonding receptor A with two carbazole-based binding domains was synthesised and evaluated for its anion binding properties in DMSO/H2O mixtures. 1H NMR titrations revealed that, in DMSO/H2O 0.5%, A forms both 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes with SO42-, H2PO4-, PhCOO- and Cl-. In 1 : 1 complexes the receptor encloses the tetrahedral anions tightly, forming a helical structure, while Cl- binds with a single carbazole unit only. In the presence of 10% of water the 1 : 2 complexes with SO42- and PhCOO- disappear, and the respective 1 : 1 binding constants decrease sufficiently to be quantified by UV-Vis titration. In this highly competitive medium, A binds sulfate with K1:1 = 105.47 M-1, i.e., it binds approx. 30, 360 and >1000 times more strongly than H2PO4-, PhCOO- and Cl-, respectively. Furthermore, the association with sulfate is over 50 times stronger than that for a model diamidocarbazole 1 under identical conditions, suggesting a very strong chelating effect due to the diglycoyl linker. Increasing the amount of water to 25% (the solubility limit of A) lowers the 1 : 1 binding constant with SO42- to 103.73 M-1. Receptor A was shown to act as a selective turn-on fluorescent sensor for sulfate, able to sense sulfate in sulfate-rich mineral water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M Bąk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland.
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Shumilova TA, Rüffer T, Lang H, Kataev EA. Straightforward Design of Fluorescent Receptors for Sulfate: Study of Non-Covalent Interactions Contributing to Host-Guest Formation. Chemistry 2017; 24:1500-1504. [PMID: 29027757 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A straightforward design of receptors for binding and sensing of sulfate in aqueous medium was developed. The design involves the connection of two naphthalimide-based pH probes through a hydrogen-bonding motif. The structure of the receptor-sulfate complex, predicted by DFT calculations, was unambiguously confirmed by NMR measurements. There are three major interactions stabilizing the host-guest complex: electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and stacking interactions of the dyes. Study of two control receptors containing either one dye or methyl amide groups instead of amides, revealed that electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions contribute the most to affinity and selectivity of receptors. The receptors can detect sulfate in a 1:1 THF-buffer mixture in pH window 3.6-4.5 demonstrating up to 7-fold fluorescence enhancement. To the best of our knowledge, the reported PET (photoinduced electron transfer) anion probes possess the largest response for sulfate in aqueous solution yet described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Shumilova
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Evgeny A Kataev
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
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Oshchepkov AS, Mittapalli RR, Fedorova OA, Kataev EA. Naphthalimide-Based Polyammonium Chemosensors for Anions: Study of Binding Properties and Sensing Mechanisms. Chemistry 2017; 23:9657-9665. [PMID: 28504844 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
New naphthalimide-based receptors for anions have been synthesized. Efficient synthetic routes have been discovered to functionalize the naphthalimide core with branched polyamines. Binding and sensing properties of the receptors were studied by potentiometric, NMR and fluorescence titrations. The receptors bind selectively to the pyrophosphate anion in buffered aqueous solutions. The receptors with more than six amine groups in the structure demonstrated the highest affinities for pyrophosphate. The fluorescence response towards anions was found to be dependent on the position of the amine groups relative to the naphthalimide core, and on the pH of the buffered solution. Three sensing mechanisms have been found that explain fluorescence responses of receptors towards anions in an aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr S Oshchepkov
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Institute of Organoelement compounds of RAS, Vavilova Str., 28, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ramana R Mittapalli
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Olga A Fedorova
- Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Institute of Organoelement compounds of RAS, Vavilova Str., 28, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny A Kataev
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
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Abstract
Synthetic pyrrole-based anion receptors date back to the 1990s. They have been extensively developed in the context of macrocyclic systems as expanded porphyrins and calixpyrroles, and related systems. The chemistry of open-chain pyrrolic systems is, in many respects, no less venerable. It also has more direct analogy to naturally occurring pyrrole-based anion binding motifs. However, it has not been the subject of a comprehensive review. Presented herein is a summary of efforts devoted to the creation of de novo pyrrole-based receptors, as well as the anion recognition chemistry of naturally occurring pyrrolic systems as prodigiosins and their synthetic analogues.
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