1
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Zheng Y, Chen T, Gao Y, Chen H. Counterion influence on near-infrared-II heptamethine cyanine salts for photothermal therapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107206. [PMID: 38367428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted extensive attention in cancer treatment. Heptamethine cyanine dyes with near-infrared (NIR) absorption performance have been investigated for PTT. However, they are often accompanied by poor photostability, suboptimal photothermal conversion and limited therapeutic efficacy. The photophysical properties of fluorescent organic salts can be tuned through counterion pairing. However, whether the counterion can influence the photostability and photothermal properties of heptamethine cyanine salts has not been clarified. In this work, we investigated the effects of eleven counter anions on the physical and photothermal properties of NIR-II heptamethine cyanine salts with the same heptamethine cyanine cation. The anions have great impacts on the physiochemical properties of dyes in solution including aggregation, photostability and photothermal conversion efficiency. The physical tuning enables the control over the cytotoxicity and phototoxicity of the dyes. The selected salts have been demonstrated to significantly suppress 4T1 breast tumor growth with low toxicity. The findings that the counterion has great effects on the photothermal properties of cationic NIR-II heptamethine cyanine dyes will provide a reference for the preparation of improved photothermal agents through counterion pairing with possible translation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Tingyan Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
| | - Haijun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China.
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2
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Jiang G, Liu H, Liu H, Ke G, Ren TB, Xiong B, Zhang XB, Yuan L. Chemical Approaches to Optimize the Properties of Organic Fluorophores for Imaging and Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315217. [PMID: 38081782 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Organic fluorophores are indispensable tools in cells, tissue and in vivo imaging, and have enabled much progress in the wide range of biological and biomedical fields. However, many available dyes suffer from insufficient performances, such as short absorption and emission wavelength, low brightness, poor stability, small Stokes shift, and unsuitable permeability, restricting their application in advanced imaging technology and complex imaging. Over the past two decades, many efforts have been made to improve these performances of fluorophores. Starting with the luminescence principle of fluorophores, this review clarifies the mechanisms of the insufficient performance for traditional fluorophores to a certain extent, systematically summarizes the modified approaches of optimizing properties, highlights the typical applications of the improved fluorophores in imaging and sensing, and indicates existing problems and challenges in this area. This progress not only proves the significance of improving fluorophores properties, but also provide a theoretical guidance for the development of high-performance fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangwei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Han Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Bing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, P. R. China
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3
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Nair RR, Seo EW, Hong S, Jung KO, Kim D. Pentafluorobenzene: Promising Applications in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4081-4099. [PMID: 37721519 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Pentafluorobenzene (PFB) represents a class of aromatic fluorine compounds employed exclusively across a spectrum of chemical and biological applications. PFBs are credited with developing various chemical synthesis techniques, networks and biopolymers, bioactive materials, and targeted drug delivery systems. The first part of this review delves into recent developments in PFB-derived molecules for diagnostic purposes. In the latter segment, PFB's role in the domain of theragnostic applications is discussed. The review elucidates different mechanisms and interaction strategies applied in leveraging PFBs to formulate diagnostic and theragnostic tools, substantiated by proper examples. The utilization of PFBs emerges as an enabler, facilitating manifold reactions, improving materials' properties, and even opening avenues for explorative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish R Nair
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Woo Seo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongje Hong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Oh Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- UC San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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4
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Herrera CK, Vahdani A, Yang C, Bates M, Lunt SY, Borhan B, Lunt RR. Enhanced Lifetime of Cyanine Salts in Dilute Matrix Luminescent Solar Concentrators via Counterion Tuning. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:3195-3202. [PMID: 39071812 PMCID: PMC11281435 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Organic luminophores offer great potential for energy harvesting and light emission due to tunable spectral properties, strong luminescence, high solubility, and excellent wavelength-selectivity. To realize their full potential, the lifetimes of luminophores must extend to many years under illumination. Many organic luminophores, however, have a tendency to degrade and undergo rapid photobleaching, leading to the perception of intrinsic instability of organic molecules. In this work we demonstrate that by exchanging the counterion of a heptamethine cyanine salt the photostability and corresponding lifetime of dilute cyanine salts can be enhanced by orders of magnitude from 10 hours to an extrapolated lifetime of greater than 65,000 hours under illumination. To help correlate and comprehend the underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon, the water contact angle and binding energy of each pairing were measured and calculated. We find that increased water contact angle, and therefore increasing hydrophobicity, generally correlate to improved lifetimes. Similarly, a lower absolute binding energy between cation and anion correlates to increased lifetimes. Utilizing the binding energy formalism, we predict the stability of a new anion and experimentally verify with good consistency. Moving forward, these factors could be used to rapidly screen and identify highly photostable organic luminophore salt systems for a range of energy harvesting and light emitting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K. Herrera
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Aria Vahdani
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Chenchen Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Matthew Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Sophia Y. Lunt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Babak Borhan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Richard R. Lunt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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5
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Usama SM, Marker SC, Li DH, Caldwell DR, Stroet M, Patel NL, Tebo AG, Hernot S, Kalen JD, Schnermann M. Method To Diversify Cyanine Chromophore Functionality Enables Improved Biomolecule Tracking and Intracellular Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37367935 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Heptamethine indocyanines are invaluable probes for near-infrared (NIR) imaging. Despite broad use, there are only a few synthetic methods to assemble these molecules, and each has significant limitations. Here, we report the use of pyridinium benzoxazole (PyBox) salts as heptamethine indocyanine precursors. This method is high yielding, simple to implement, and provides access to previously unknown chromophore functionality. We applied this method to create molecules to address two outstanding objectives in NIR fluorescence imaging. First, we used an iterative approach to develop molecules for protein-targeted tumor imaging. When compared to common NIR fluorophores, the optimized probe increases the tumor specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and nanobody conjugates. Second, we developed cyclizing heptamethine indocyanines with the goal of improving cellular uptake and fluorogenic properties. By modifying both the electrophilic and nucleophilic components, we demonstrate that the solvent sensitivity of the ring-open/ring-closed equilibrium can be modified over a wide range. We then show that a chloroalkane derivative of a compound with tuned cyclization properties undergoes particularly efficient no-wash live cell imaging using organelle-targeted HaloTag self-labeling proteins. Overall, the chemistry reported here broadens the scope of accessible chromophore functionality, and, in turn, enables the discovery of NIR probes with promising properties for advanced imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Sierra C Marker
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Dong-Hao Li
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Donald R Caldwell
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Marcus Stroet
- Laboratory for in Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY/MIMA, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nimit L Patel
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Alison G Tebo
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Sophie Hernot
- Laboratory for in Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging, ICMI-BEFY/MIMA, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joseph D Kalen
- Small Animal Imaging Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Martin Schnermann
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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6
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Uehashi Y, Izawa S, Yamada Y, Miwa Y, Inuzuka T, Kubota Y, Hiramoto M, Funabiki K. Synthesis of Highly Photostable Benzoindolenine‐Based Squaraine Dyes by using Aromatic Fluorine Atoms. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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7
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Kwon J, Elgawish MS, Shim S. Bleaching-Resistant Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2101817. [PMID: 35088584 PMCID: PMC8948665 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photobleaching is the permanent loss of fluorescence after extended exposure to light and is a major limiting factor in super-resolution microscopy (SRM) that restricts spatiotemporal resolution and observation time. Strategies for preventing or overcoming photobleaching in SRM are reviewed developing new probes and chemical environments. Photostabilization strategies are introduced first, which are borrowed from conventional fluorescence microscopy, that are employed in SRM. SRM-specific strategies are then highlighted that exploit the on-off transitions of fluorescence, which is the key mechanism for achieving super-resolution, which are becoming new routes to address photobleaching in SRM. Off states can serve as a shelter from excitation by light or an exit to release a damaged probe and replace it with a fresh one. Such efforts in overcoming the photobleaching limits are anticipated to enhance resolution to molecular scales and to extend the observation time to physiological lifespans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoong Kwon
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical ChemistryJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21205USA
| | - Mohamed Saleh Elgawish
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
- Medicinal Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of PharmacySuez Canal UniversityIsmailia41522Egypt
| | - Sang‐Hee Shim
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversitySeoul02841Republic of Korea
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8
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Exner RM, Cortezon‐Tamarit F, Pascu SI. Explorations into the Effect of meso-Substituents in Tricarbocyanine Dyes: A Path to Diverse Biomolecular Probes and Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6230-6241. [PMID: 32959963 PMCID: PMC7985877 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polymethine cyanine dyes have been widely recognized as promising chemical tools for a range of life science and biomedical applications, such as fluorescent staining of DNA and proteins in gel electrophoresis, fluorescence guided surgery, or as ratiometric probes for probing biochemical pathways. The photophysical properties of such dyes can be tuned through the synthetic modification of the conjugated backbone, for example, by altering aromatic cores or by varying the length of the conjugated polymethine chain. Alternative routes to shaping the absorption, emission, and photostability of dyes of this family are centered around the chemical modifications on the polymethine chain. This Minireview aims to discuss strategies for the introduction of substituents in the meso-position, their effect on the photophysical properties of these dyes and some structure-activity correlations which could help overcome common limitations in the state of the art in the synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger M. Exner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
| | | | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of BathClaverton DownBathBA2 7AYUK
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9
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Exner RM, Cortezon‐Tamarit F, Pascu SI. Explorations into the Effect of
meso
‐Substituents in Tricarbocyanine Dyes: A Path to Diverse Biomolecular Probes and Materials. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rüdiger M. Exner
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | | | - Sofia I. Pascu
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
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10
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Shigemitsu H, Matsuda K, Mori T, Nakatsuji H, Matsusaki M, Kida T. Enhancing Photostability of a Coumarin Dye by Self‐inclusion into a Cyclodextrin Cavity in Aqueous Solution and Living Cells. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Shigemitsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita 565-0871 Japan
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita 565–0871 Japan
- Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Keigo Matsuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Tadashi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nakatsuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kida
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University 2-1 Yamadaoka Suita 565-0871 Japan
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11
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Isselstein M, Zhang L, Glembockyte V, Brix O, Cosa G, Tinnefeld P, Cordes T. Self-Healing Dyes-Keeping the Promise? J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:4462-4480. [PMID: 32401520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-healing dyes have emerged as a new promising class of fluorescent labels. They consist of two units, a fluorescent dye and a photostabilizer. The latter heals whenever the fluorescent dye is in danger of taking a reaction pathway toward photobleaching. We describe the underlying concepts and summarize the developmental history and state-of-the-art, including latest applications in high-resolution microscopy, live-cell, and single-molecule imaging. We further discuss remaining limitations, which are (i) lower photostabilization of most self-healing dyes when compared to solution additives, (ii) limited mechanistic understanding on the influence of the biochemical environment and molecular oxygen on self-healing, and (iii) the lack of cheap and facile bioconjugation strategies. Finally, we provide ideas on how to further advance self-healing dyes, show new data on redox blinking caused by double-stranded DNA, and highlight forthcoming work on intramolecular photostabilization of fluorescent proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Isselstein
- Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lei Zhang
- Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Viktorija Glembockyte
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Haus E 81377 München, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Centre for Applied Materials (QCAM), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., H3A 0B8 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Oliver Brix
- Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Cosa
- Department of Chemistry and Quebec Centre for Applied Materials (QCAM), McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., H3A 0B8 Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philip Tinnefeld
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, Haus E 81377 München, Germany
| | - Thorben Cordes
- Physical and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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12
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Demchenko AP. Photobleaching of organic fluorophores: quantitative characterization, mechanisms, protection. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2020; 8:022001. [PMID: 32028269 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ab7365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical stability is one of the most important parameters that determine the usefulness of organic dyes in different applications. This Review addresses key factors that determine the dye photostability. It is shown that photodegradation can follow different oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent mechanisms and may involve both 1S1-3T1 and higher-energy 1Sn-3Tn excited states. Their involvement and contribution depends on dye structure, medium conditions, irradiation power. Fluorescein, rhodamine, BODIPY and cyanine dyes, as well as conjugated polymers are discussed as selected examples illustrating photobleaching mechanisms. The strategies for modulating and improving the photostability are overviewed. They include the improvement of fluorophore design, particularly by attaching protective and anti-fading groups, creating proper medium conditions in liquid, solid and nanoscale environments. The special conditions for biological labeling, sensing and imaging are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Demchenko
- Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, Leontovicha st. 9, Kyiv 01030, Ukraine. Yuriy Fedkovych National University, Chernivtsi, 58012, Ukraine
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13
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Braun AB, Wehl I, Kölmel DK, Schepers U, Bräse S. New Polyfluorinated Cyanine Dyes for Selective NIR Staining of Mitochondria. Chemistry 2019; 25:7998-8002. [PMID: 30947363 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, the synthesis of three unknown polyfluorinated cyanine dyes and their application as selective markers for mitochondria are presented. By incorporating fluorous side chains into cyanine dyes, their remarkable photophysical properties were enhanced. To investigate their biological application, several different cell lines were incubated with the synthesized cyanine dyes. It was discovered that the presented dyes can be utilized for selective near-infrared-light (NIR) staining of mitochondria, with very low cytotoxicity determined by MTT assay. This is the first time that polyfluorinated cyanine fluorophores are presented as selective markers for mitochondria. Due to the versatile applications of polyfluorinated fluorophores in bioimaging and materials science, it is expected that the presented fluorophores will be stimulating for the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Braun
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ilona Wehl
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dominik K Kölmel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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14
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Funabiki K, Yanagawa R, Kubota Y, Inuzuka T. Thermo- and photo-stable symmetrical benzo[cd]indolenyl-substituted heptamethine cyanine dye carrying a tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate that absorbs only near-infrared light over 1000 nm. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj00867e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thermo- and photo-stable NIR dyes absorbing only NIR light of over 1000 nm have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumasa Funabiki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Ryuta Yanagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kubota
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- Division of Instrumental Analysis
- Life Science Research Center
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
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15
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Borg RE, Rochford J. Molecular Photoacoustic Contrast Agents: Design Principles & Applications. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 94:1175-1209. [PMID: 29953628 PMCID: PMC6252265 DOI: 10.1111/php.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a rapidly growing field which offers high spatial resolution and high contrast for deep-tissue imaging in vivo. PAI is nonionizing and noninvasive and combines the optical resolution of fluorescence imaging with the spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging. In particular, the development of exogenous PA contrast agents has gained significant momentum of late with a vastly expanding complexity of dye materials under investigation ranging from small molecules to macromolecular proteins, polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles. The goal of this review is to survey the current state of the art in molecular photoacoustic contrast agents (MPACs) for applications in biomedical imaging. The fundamental design principles of MPACs are presented and a review of prior reports spanning from early-to-current literature is put forth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Rochford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125
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Zheng Q, Lavis LD. Development of photostable fluorophores for molecular imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 39:32-38. [PMID: 28544971 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in fluorescence microscopy promise to unlock details of biological systems with high spatiotemporal precision. These new techniques also place a heavy demand on the 'photon budget'-the number of photons one can extract from a sample. Improving the photostability of small molecule fluorophores using chemistry is a straightforward method for increasing the photon budget. Here, we review the (sometimes sparse) efforts to understand the mechanism of fluorophore photobleaching and recent advances to improve photostability through reducing the propensity for oxidation or through intramolecular triplet-state quenching. Our intent is to inspire a more thorough mechanistic investigation of photobleaching and the use of precise chemistry to improve fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinsi Zheng
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Luke D Lavis
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 19700 Helix Dr., Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
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