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Beltrán FJ, Chávez AM, Cintas P, Martínez RF. Mechanistic Insights into the Oxidative Degradation of Formic and Oxalic Acids with Ozone and OH Radical. A Computational Rationale. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1491-1498. [PMID: 36749871 PMCID: PMC9940222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase and aqueous oxidations of formic and oxalic acids with ozone and OH radicals have been thoroughly examined by DFT methods. Such acids are not only important feedstocks for the iterative construction of other organic compounds but also final products generated by mineralization and advanced oxidation of higher organics. Our computational simulation unravels both common and distinctive reaction channels, albeit consistent with known H atom abstraction pathways and formation of hydropolyoxide derivatives. Notably, reactions with neutral ozone and OH radical proceed through low-energy concerted mechanisms involving asynchronous transition structures. For formic acid, carbonylic H-abstraction appears to be more favorable than the dissociative abstraction of the acid proton. Formation of long oxygen chains does not cause a significant energy penalty and highly oxygenated products are stable enough, even if subsequent decomposition releases environmentally benign side substances like O2 and H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando J. Beltrán
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Química y Química Física,
Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto Universitario de Investigación
del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad, (IACYS), Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain,
| | - Ana María Chávez
- Departamento
de Ingeniería Química y Química Física,
Facultad de Ciencias, and Instituto Universitario de Investigación
del Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad, (IACYS), Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Pedro Cintas
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de
Ciencias, and Instituto Universitario de Investigación del
Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad, (IACYS), Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - R. Fernando Martínez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Facultad de
Ciencias, and Instituto Universitario de Investigación del
Agua, Cambio Climático y Sostenibilidad, (IACYS), Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06006 Badajoz, Spain,
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Salzburger M, Ončák M, van der Linde C, Beyer MK. Simplified Multiple-Well Approach for the Master Equation Modeling of Blackbody Infrared Radiative Dissociation of Hydrated Carbonate Radical Anions. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21485-21493. [PMID: 36383735 PMCID: PMC9716553 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Blackbody infrared radiative dissociation (BIRD) in a collision-free environment is a powerful method for the experimental determination of bond dissociation energies. In this work, we investigate temperature-dependent BIRD of CO3·-(H2O)1,2 at 250-330 K to determine water binding energies and assess the influence of multiple isomers on the dissociation kinetics. The ions are trapped in a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer, mass selected, and their BIRD kinetics are recorded at varying temperatures. Experimental BIRD rates as a function of temperature are fitted with rates obtained from master equation modeling (MEM), using the water binding energy as a fit parameter. MEM accounts for the absorption and emission of photons from black-body radiation, described with harmonic frequencies and infrared intensities from quantum chemical calculations. The dissociation rates as a function of internal energy are calculated by Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus theory. Both single-well and multiple-well MEM approaches are used. Dissociation energies derived in this way from the experimental data are 56 ± 6 and 45 ± 3 kJ/mol for the first and second water molecules, respectively. They agree within error limits with the ones predicted by ab initio calculations done at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ//CCSD/aug-cc-pVDZ level of theory. We show that the multiple-well MEM approach described here yields superior results in systems with several low-lying minima, which is the typical situation for hydrated ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Salzburger
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020Innsbruck, Austria
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3
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Hiraoka K, Rankin-Turner S, Ninomiya S, Shimada H, Kinoshita K, Yamabe S. Corona Discharge and Field Electron Emission in Ambient Air Using a Sharp Metal Needle: Formation and Reactivity of CO 3 -• and O 2 -•. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2022; 10:A0100. [PMID: 34993049 PMCID: PMC8697365 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CO3 -• and O2 -• are known to be strong oxidizing reagents in biological systems. CO3 -• in particular can cause serious damage to DNA and proteins by H• abstraction reactions. However, H• abstraction of CO3 -• in the gas phase has not yet been reported. In this work we report on gas-phase ion/molecule reactions of CO3 -• and O2 -• with various molecules. CO3 -• was generated by the corona discharge of an O2 reagent gas using a cylindrical tube ion source. O2 -• was generated by the application of a 15 kHz high frequency voltage to a sharp needle in ambient air at the threshold voltage for the appearance of an ion signal. In the reactions of CO3 -•, a decrease in signal intensities of CO3 -• accompanied by the simultaneous increase of that of HCO3 - was observed when organic compounds with H-C bond energies lower than ∼100 kcal mol-1 such as n-hexane, cyclohexane, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and toluene were introduced into the ion source. This clearly indicates the occurrence of H• abstraction. O2 -• abstracts H+ from acid molecules such as formic, acetic, trifluoroacetic, nitric and amino acids. Gas-phase CO3 -• may play a role as a strong oxidizing reagent as it does in the condensed phase. The major discharge product CO3 -• in addition to O2 -•, O3, and NO x • that are formed in ambient air may cause damage to biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Haruo Shimada
- Bio Chromato, Inc., 1-12-19 Honcho, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0053, Japan
| | | | - Shinichi Yamabe
- Department of Chemistry, Nara University of Education, Takabatake-cho, Nara 630-8528, Japan
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4
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Münst MG, Ončák M, Beyer MK, van der Linde C. Infrared spectroscopy of CO 3 •-(H 2O) 1,2 and CO 4 •-(H 2O) 1,2. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:084301. [PMID: 33639763 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrated molecular anions are present in the atmosphere. Revealing the structure of the microsolvation is key to understanding their chemical properties. The infrared spectra of CO3 •-(H2O)1,2 and CO4 •-(H2O)1,2 were measured via infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy in both warm and cold environments. Redshifted from the free O-H stretch frequency, broad, structured spectra were observed in the O-H stretching region for all cluster ions, which provide information on the interaction of the hydrogen atoms with the central ion. In the C-O stretching region, the spectra exhibit clear maxima, but dissociation of CO3 •-(H2O)1,2 was surprisingly inefficient. While CO3 •-(H2O)1,2 and CO4 •-(H2O) dissociate via loss of water, CO2 loss is the dominant dissociation channel for CO4 •-(H2O)2. The experimental spectra are compared to calculated spectra within the harmonic approximation and from analysis of molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations support the hypothesis that many isomers contribute to the observed spectrum at finite temperatures. The highly fluxional nature of the clusters is the main reason for the spectral broadening, while water-water hydrogen bonding seems to play a minor role in the doubly hydrated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian G Münst
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Wensink FJ, Münst MG, Heller J, Ončák M, Bakker JM, van der Linde C. IR multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy of MO2+ (M = V, Nb, Ta). J Chem Phys 2020; 153:171101. [PMID: 33167645 DOI: 10.1063/5.0024675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A laser vaporization cluster source is coupled to the Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer beamline of the free-electron laser for intracavity experiments. Gas phase metal ions and their oxides (VO2 +, NbO2 +, and TaO2 +) are formed and spectroscopically characterized using IR multiple-photon dissociation spectroscopy via loss of atomic oxygen and overcoming fragmentation energies of 3 eV-6 eV. The signal is observed for all MO2 + fundamental modes: the symmetric and anti-symmetric ν1 and ν3 stretch modes in the 900 cm-1-1000 cm-1 range and the ν2 bending mode in the 300 cm-1-450 cm-1 range. A remarkable substructure is observed for the bending vibration, which is at least partly due to the rovibrational substructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J. Wensink
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian G. Münst
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jakob Heller
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Joost M. Bakker
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Tavakol H, Ranjbari MA, Jafari-Chermahini MT. Mechanistic details for the reaction of methyl acrylate radical anion: a DFT study. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-019-01647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Plattner M, Baloglou A, Ončák M, van der Linde C, Beyer MK. Structural Properties of Gas-Phase Molybdenum Oxide Clusters [Mo 4O 13] 2-, [HMo 4O 13] -, and [CH 3Mo 4O 13] - Studied by Collision-Induced Dissociation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:1946-1955. [PMID: 31420847 PMCID: PMC6805806 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum oxide-based catalysts are widely used for the ammoxidation of toluene, methanation of CO, or hydrodeoxygenation. As a first step towards a gas-phase model system, we investigate here structural properties of mass-selected [Mo4O13]2-, [HMo4O13]-, and [CH3Mo4O13]- by a combination of collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments and quantum chemical calculations. According to calculations, the common structural motif is an eight-membered ring composed of four MoO2 units and four O atoms. The 13th O atom is located above the center of the ring and connects two to four Mo centers. For [Mo4O13]2- and [HMo4O13]-, dissociation requires opening or rearrangement of the ring structure, which is quite facile for the doubly charged [Mo4O13]2-, but energetically more demanding for [HMo4O13]-. In the latter case, the hydrogen atom is found to stay preferentially with the negatively charged fragments [HMo2O7]- or [HMoO4]-. The doubly charged species [Mo4O13]2- loses one MoO3 unit at low energies while Coulomb explosion into the complementary fragments [Mo2O6]- and [Mo2O7]- dominates at elevated collision energies. [CH3Mo4O13]- affords rearrangements of the methyl group with low barriers, preferentially eliminating formaldehyde, while the ring structure remains intact. [CH3Mo4O13]- also reacts efficiently with water, leading to methanol or formaldehyde elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Plattner
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Aristeidis Baloglou
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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8
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Baloglou A, Ončák M, Grutza ML, van der Linde C, Kurz P, Beyer MK. Structural Properties of Gas Phase Molybdenum Sulfide Clusters [Mo 3S 13] 2-, [HMo 3S 13] -, and [H 3Mo 3S 13] + as Model Systems of a Promising Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:8177-8186. [PMID: 30984322 PMCID: PMC6453024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b08324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoS x ) is a potent catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Since mechanistic investigations on amorphous solids are particularly difficult, we use a bottom-up approach and study the [Mo3S13]2- nanocluster and its protonated forms. The mass selected pure [Mo3S13]2- as well as singly and triply protonated [HMo3S13]- and [H3Mo3S13]+ ions, respectively, were investigated by a combination of collision induced dissociation (CID) experiments and quantum chemical calculations. A rich variety of H x S y elimination channels was observed, giving insight into the structural flexibility of the clusters. In particular, it was calculated that the observed clusters tend to keep the Mo3 ring structure found in the bulk and that protons adsorb primarily on terminal disulfide units of the cluster. Mo-H bonds are formed only for quasi-linear species with Mo centers featuring empty coordination sites. Protonation leads to increased cluster stability against CID. The rich variety of CID dissociation products for the triply protonated [H3Mo3S13]+ ion, however, suggests that it has a large degree of structural flexibility, with roaming H/SH moieties, which could be a key feature of MoS x to facilitate HER catalysis via a Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Baloglou
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marie-Luise Grutza
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Kurz
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Bersenkowitsch NK, Ončák M, Heller J, van der Linde C, Beyer MK. Photodissociation of Sodium Iodide Clusters Doped with Small Hydrocarbons. Chemistry 2018; 24:12433-12443. [PMID: 29979470 PMCID: PMC6120481 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Marine aerosols consist of a variety of compounds and play an important role in many atmospheric processes. In the present study, sodium iodide clusters with their simple isotope pattern serve as model systems for laboratory studies to investigate the role of iodide in the photochemical processing of sea-salt aerosols. Salt clusters doped with camphor, formate and pyruvate are studied in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (FT-ICR MS) coupled to a tunable laser system in both UV and IR range. The analysis is supported by ab initio calculations of absorption spectra and energetics of dissociative channels. We provide quantitative analysis of IRMPD measurements by reconstructing one-photon spectra and comparing them with the calculated ones. While neutral camphor is adsorbed on the cluster surface, the formate and pyruvate ions replace an iodide ion. The photodissociation spectra revealed several wavelength-specific fragmentation pathways, including the carbon dioxide radical anion formed by photolysis of pyruvate. Camphor and pyruvate doped clusters absorb in the spectral region above 290 nm, which is relevant for tropospheric photochemistry, leading to internal conversion followed by intramolecular vibrational redistribution, which leads to decomposition of the cluster. Potential photodissociation products of pyruvate in the actinic region may be formed with a cross section of <2×10-20 cm2 , determined by the experimental noise level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina K. Bersenkowitsch
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Jakob Heller
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
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van der Linde C, Tang WK, Siu CK, Beyer MK. Kinetics of the reaction of CO3˙−(H2O)n, n = 0, 1, 2, with nitric acid, a key reaction in tropospheric negative ion chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:10838-10845. [PMID: 29473922 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07773d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One water molecule accelerates the reaction of CO3˙− with HNO3, while two water molecules quench the reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wai Kit Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- P. R. China
| | - Chi-Kit Siu
- Department of Chemistry
- City University of Hong Kong
- Kowloon Tong
- P. R. China
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik
- Universität Innsbruck
- 6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
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Tang WK, van der Linde C, Siu CK, Beyer MK. Hydration Leads to Efficient Reactions of the Carbonate Radical Anion with Hydrogen Chloride in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:192-197. [PMID: 27960061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The carbonate radical anion CO3•- is a key intermediate in tropospheric anion chemistry. Despite its radical character, only a small number of reactions have been reported in the literature. Here we investigate the gas-phase reactions of CO3•- and CO3•-(H2O) with HCl under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Bare CO3•- forms OHCl•- with a rate constant of 4.2 × 10-12 cm3 s-1, which corresponds to an efficiency of only 0.4%. Hydration accelerates the reaction, and ligand exchange of H2O against HCl proceeds with a rate of 2.7 × 10-10 cm3 s-1. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that OHCl•- is best described as an OH• hydrogen bonded to Cl-, while the ligand exchange product is Cl-(HCO3•). Under tropospheric conditions, where CO3•-(H2O) is the dominant species, Cl-(HCO3•) is efficiently formed. These reactions must be included in models of tropospheric anion chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kit Tang
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck , Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Chi-Kit Siu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck , Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Schwarz H. Ménage-à-trois: single-atom catalysis, mass spectrometry, and computational chemistry. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy02658c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genuine, single-atom catalysis can be realized in the gas phase and probed by mass spectrometry combined with computational chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Schwarz
- Institut für Chemie
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
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