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Mondal H, Chattaraj PK. Unraveling Reactivity Pathways: Dihydrogen Activation and Hydrogenation of Multiple Bonds by Pyramidalized Boron-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300179. [PMID: 38117941 PMCID: PMC11004477 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of H2 by pyramidalized boron-based frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) (B/E-FLP systems where "E" refers to N, P, As, Sb, and Bi) have been explored using density functional theory (DFT) based computational study. The activation pathway for the entire process is accurately characterized through the utilization of the activation strain model (ASM) of reactivity, shedding light on the underlying physical factors governing the process. The study also explores the hydrogenation process of multiple bonds with the help of B/N-FLP. The research findings demonstrate that the liberation of activated dihydrogen occurs in a synchronized, albeit noticeably asynchronous, fashion. The transformation is extensively elucidated using the activation strain model and the energy decomposition analysis. This approach suggests a co-operative double hydrogen-transfer mechanism, where the B-H hydride triggers a nucleophilic attack on the carbon atom of the multiple bonds, succeeded by the migration of the protic N-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Mondal
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of TechnologyKharagpur721302India
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2
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Sokolnicki T, Alharbi MM, van Ingen Y, Rahim S, Pramanik M, Roldan A, Walkowiak J, Melen RL. Reactivity of a series of triaryl borates, B(OAr x) 3, in hydroboration catalysis. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16118-16122. [PMID: 37901910 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03333c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we compare the reactivity of a series of triaryl borates B(OArx)3 as catalysts for the hydroboration of alkenes and alkynes. It was observed that commercially available B(OPh)3 performed the poorest, whereas catalysts with o-F atoms appeared to perform much better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Sokolnicki
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK.
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Chemistry, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Center for Advanced Technology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mashael M Alharbi
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, King Faisal University, College of Science, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara van Ingen
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK.
| | - Shahnaz Rahim
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Milan Pramanik
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK.
| | - Alberto Roldan
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK.
| | - Jędrzej Walkowiak
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Center for Advanced Technology, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Rebecca L Melen
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Translational Research Hub, Maindy Road, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ Wales, UK.
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Kumar R, Meher RK, Sharma J, Sau A, Panda TK. Amidophosphine Boranes as Hydroboration Reagents for Nitriles, Alkynes, and Carboxylic Acids. Org Lett 2023; 25:7923-7927. [PMID: 37883234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
We report here the hydroboration of nitriles, alkynes, and carboxylic acids using amidophosphine boranes {(BH3)(PPh2)-NC(CH3)3}, {(BH3)2(PPh)2N(CH2)C6H5}, and {(BH3)2(PPh2)2N-(BH3)CH2C6H4N} as reducing agents. These compounds were synthesized to replace more commonly used borane reagents. Solid amidophosphine boranes, which were synthesized with ease, demonstrated excellent reactivity and functional group tolerance toward a wide variety of nitriles, alkynes, and carboxylic acids, affording the corresponding ammonium salts, alkenes, and alcohols in good yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi-502 284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Rohan Kumar Meher
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi-502 284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi-502 284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Abhijit Sau
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi-502 284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Tarun K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi-502 284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
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4
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Henry AT, Nanan DAR, Baines KM. Expanding the scope of bis(catecholato)germane catalysis: hydrosilylation, hydroboration, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and oligomerization. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:10363-10371. [PMID: 37463007 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01945d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Various applications of bis(catecholato)germanes in catalysis were examined. The hydrosilylation of benzaldehydes, hydroboration of phenylacetylene derivatives, and Friedel-Crafts alkylation using arylalkenes and either diphenylamine or anisole was achieved. Furthermore, the recently reported oligomerization of α-methylstyrene catalyzed by bis(catecholato)germanes with weak donor ligands was examined further. The formation of a trimer species was observed in DCM. VTNA and Hammett analyses of the oligomerization reaction were conducted and an updated mechanism for bis(catecholato)germane catalysis is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T Henry
- The Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Dana A R Nanan
- The Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Kim M Baines
- The Department of Chemistry, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Zhang J, Wei R, Ren C, Liu LL, Wu L. Si-B Functional Group Exchange Reaction Enabled by a Catalytic Amount of BH 3: Scope, Mechanism, and Application. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37411027 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Functional group exchanges based on single-bond transformation are rare and challenging. In this regard, functional group exchange reactions of hydrosilanes proved to be more problematic. This is because this exchange requires the cleavage of the C-Si bond, while the Si-H bond is relatively easily activated for hydrosilanes. Herein, we report the first Si-B functional group exchange reactions of hydrosilanes with hydroboranes simply enabled by BH3 as a catalyst. Our methodology works for various aryl and alkyl hydrosilanes and different hydroboranes with the tolerance of general functional groups (up to 115 examples). Control experiments and density functional theory (DFT) studies reveal a distinct reaction pathway that involves consecutive C-Si/B-H and C-B/B-H σ-bond metathesis. Further investigations of using more readily available chlorosilanes, siloxane, fluorosilane, and silylborane for Si-B functional group exchanges, Ge-B functional group exchanges, and depolymerizative Si-B exchanges of polysilanes are also demonstrated. Moreover, the regeneration of MeSiH3 from polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) is achieved. Notably, the formal hydrosilylation of a wide range of alkenes with SiH4 and MeSiH3 to selectively produce (chiral)trihydrosilanes and (methyl)dihydrosilanes is realized using inexpensive and readily available PhSiH3 and PhSiH2Me as gaseous SiH4 and MeSiH3 surrogates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rui Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chunping Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Willcox DR, Thomas SP. Group 13 exchange and transborylation in catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:325-348. [PMID: 36998308 PMCID: PMC10043741 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalysis is dominated by the use of rare and potentially toxic transition metals. The main group offers a potentially sustainable alternative for catalysis, due to the generally higher abundance and lower toxicity of these elements. Group 13 elements have a rich catalogue of stoichiometric addition reactions to unsaturated bonds but cannot undergo the redox chemistry which underpins transition-metal catalysis. Group 13 exchange reactions transfer one or more groups from one group 13 element to another, through σ-bond metathesis; where boron is both of the group 13 elements, this is termed transborylation. These redox-neutral processes are increasingly being used to render traditionally stoichiometric group 13-mediated processes catalytic and develop new catalytic processes, examples of which are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic R Willcox
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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Pomogaeva AV, Timoshkin AY. Hydrogen Activation by Frustrated and Not So Frustrated Lewis Pairs Based on Pyramidal Lewis Acid 9-Boratriptycene: A Computational Study. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:48493-48505. [PMID: 36591180 PMCID: PMC9798527 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Structural features and reactivity of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) formed by pyramidal group 13 Lewis acids based on 9-bora and 9-alatriptycene and bulky phosphines P t Bu3, PPh3, and PCy3 are considered at the M06-2X/def2-TZVP level of theory. Classic FLP is formed only in the B(C6Me4)3CH/P t Bu3 system, while both FLP and donor-acceptor (DA) complex are observed in the B(C6F4)3CF/P t Bu3 system. Formation of DA complexes was observed in other systems; the B(C6H4)3CH·P t Bu3 complex features an elongated DA bond and can be considered a "latent" FLP. Transition states and reaction pathways for molecular hydrogen activation have been obtained. Processes of heterolytic hydrogen splitting are energetically more favored in solution compared to the gas phase, while activation energies in the gas phase and in solution are close. The alternative processes of hydrogenation of B-C or Al-C bonds in the source pyramidal Lewis acids in the absence of a Lewis base are exergonic but have larger activation energies than those for heterolytic hydrogen splitting. The tuning of Lewis acidity of 9-boratriptycene by changing the substituents allows one to control its reactivity with respect to hydrogen activation. Interestingly, the most promising system from the practical point of view is the DA complex B(C6H4)3CH·P t Bu3, which is predicted to provide both low activation energy and thermodynamic reversibility of the heterolytic hydrogen splitting process. It appears that such "not so frustrated" or "latent" FLPs are the best candidates for reversible heterolytic hydrogen splitting.
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8
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Clarke J, Seo Y, Gagné MR, Bender TA. Achieving Site-Selective C–O Bond Reduction for High-Value Cellulosic Valorization. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Youngran Seo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Michel R. Gagné
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Trandon A. Bender
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
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9
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Thomas SP, Bage AD, Nicholson K, Hunt TA, Langer T. Transborylation-Enabled Boron Catalysis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1720046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis review highlights transborylation (controlled boron-boron exchange) and its applications as a turnover strategy in boron-catalysed methodologies. Catalytic applications of B–C, B–O, B–N, B–F, B–S, and B–Se transborylations are discussed in the context of transborylation-enabled catalysis, across a wide range of organic transformations including hydroboration, C–C bond formation, C–H borylation, chemoselective reduction, and asymmetric reduction.1 Introduction2 B–C Transborylation3 B–O Transborylation4 B–N Transborylation5 B–F Transborylation6 B–S Transborylation7 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew D. Bage
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh
| | | | | | - Thomas Langer
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Chemical Development U.K., AstraZeneca
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10
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Maj AM, Szarłan B, Pawluć P, Zaranek M. Hydroboration of alkynes initiated by sodium triethylborohydride. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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11
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Kumar R, Dutta S, Sharma V, Singh PP, Gonnade RG, Koley D, Sen SS. Monomeric Magnesium Catalyzed Alkene and Alkyne Hydroboration. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201896. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Kumar
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Praval P. Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Rajesh G. Gonnade
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Catalysis Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata Mohanpur 741246 India
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan Pune 411008 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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12
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Ríos P, Rodríguez A, Conejero S. Activation of Si-H and B-H bonds by Lewis acidic transition metals and p-block elements: same, but different. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7392-7418. [PMID: 35872827 PMCID: PMC9241980 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02324e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this Perspective we discuss the ability of transition metal complexes to activate and cleave the Si-H and B-H bonds of hydrosilanes and hydroboranes (tri- and tetra-coordinated) in an electrophilic manner, avoiding the need for the metal centre to undergo two-electron processes (oxidative addition/reductive elimination). A formal polarization of E-H bonds (E = Si, B) upon their coordination to the metal centre to form σ-EH complexes (with coordination modes η1 or η2) favors this type of bond activation that can lead to reactivities involving the formation of transient silylium and borenium/boronium cations similar to those proposed in silylation and borylation processes catalysed by boron and aluminium Lewis acids. We compare the reactivity of transition metal complexes and boron/aluminium Lewis acids through a series of catalytic reactions in which pieces of evidence suggest mechanisms involving electrophilic reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ríos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Amor Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
| | - Salvador Conejero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) C/Américo Vespucio 49 41092 Sevilla Spain
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13
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Liu J, Wu C, Hu T, Yang W, Xie Y, Shi Y, Liu Q, Shao Y, Zhang F. Hexamethyldisilazane Lithium (LiHMDS)-Promoted Hydroboration of Alkynes and Alkenes with Pinacolborane. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3442-3452. [PMID: 35143184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-promoted hydroboration of alkynes and alkenes using commercially available hexamethyldisilazane lithium as a precatalyst and HBpin as a hydride source has been developed. This method will be appealing for organic synthesis because of its remarkable substrate tolerance and good yields. Mechanistic studies revealed that the hydroboration proceeds through the in situ-formed BH3 species, which acts to drive the turnover of the hydroboration of alkynes and alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Caiyan Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tinghui Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yaoyao Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yinyin Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qianrui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Fangjun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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. D, Sharma YB, Pant S, Dhaked DK, Guru MM. Borane-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative C‒C Bond Formation of Indoles with N-Tosylhydrazones: An Experimental and Computational Study. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00552b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel dehydrogenative C‒C bond formation of indoles and N-tosylhydrazones to di(indolyl)methanes (DIMs) has been demonstrated using tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane as catalyst. A wide range of functional groups can be tolerated under...
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15
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Abstract
In the last two decades, boron-based catalysis has been gaining increasing traction in the field of organic synthesis. The use of halogenated triarylboranes as main group Lewis acid catalysts is an attractive strategy. It has been applied in a growing number of transformations over the years, where they may perform comparably or even better than the gold standard catalysts. This review discusses methods of borane synthesis and cutting-edge boron-based Lewis acid catalysis, focusing especially on tris(pentafluorophenyl)-borane [B(C6F5)3], and other halogenated triarylboranes, highlighting how boron Lewis acids employed as catalysts can unlock a plethora of unprecedented chemical transformations or improve the efficiency of existing reactions.
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16
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Dominguez-Molano P, Bru G, Salvado O, Maza RJ, Carbó JJ, Fernández E. Transborylation of alkenylboranes with diboranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13361-13364. [PMID: 34821229 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05815k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exchange of boryl moieties between alkenylboranes and diboron reagents has been postulated as a stereospecific cross-metathesis pathway with concomitant formation of mixed diboron reagents. DFT calculations propose a mechanism for the stereocontrolled C(sp2)-B/B'-B' cross-metathesis with both symmetric and non-symmetric diboron reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerard Bru
- Dept Química Física e Inorgànica, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Oriol Salvado
- Dept Química Física e Inorgànica, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Ricardo J Maza
- Dept Química Física e Inorgànica, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Jorge J Carbó
- Dept Química Física e Inorgànica, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Elena Fernández
- Dept Química Física e Inorgànica, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
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17
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Volochnyuk DM, Gorlova AO, Grygorenko OO. Saturated Boronic Acids, Boronates, and Trifluoroborates: An Update on Their Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry. Chemistry 2021; 27:15277-15326. [PMID: 34499378 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses recent advances in the chemistry of saturated boronic acids, boronates, and trifluoroborates. Applications of the title compounds in the design of boron-containing drugs are surveyed, with special emphasis on α-amino boronic derivatives. A general overview of saturated boronic compounds as modern tools to construct C(sp3 )-C and C(sp3 )-heteroatom bonds is given, including recent developments in the Suzuki-Miyaura and Chan-Lam cross-couplings, single-electron-transfer processes including metallo- and organocatalytic photoredox reactions, and transformations of boron "ate" complexes. Finally, an attempt to summarize the current state of the art in the synthesis of saturated boronic acids, boronates, and trifluoroborates is made, with a brief mention of the "classical" methods (transmetallation of organolithium/magnesium reagents with boron species, anti-Markovnikov hydroboration of alkenes, and the modification of alkenyl boron compounds) and a special focus on recent methodologies (boronation of alkyl (pseudo)halides, derivatives of carboxylic acids, alcohols, and primary amines, boronative C-H activation, novel approaches to alkene hydroboration, and 1,2-metallate-type rearrangements).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy M Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Alina O Gorlova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. (www.enamine.net), Chervonotkatska 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
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18
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Bole LJ, Uzelac M, Hernán-Gómez A, Kennedy AR, O'Hara CT, Hevia E. Progressing the Frustrated Lewis Pair Abilities of N-Heterocyclic Carbene/GaR 3 Combinations for Catalytic Hydroboration of Aldehydes and Ketones. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13784-13796. [PMID: 34191489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exploiting the steric incompatibility of the tris(alkyl)gallium GaR3 (R = CH2SiMe3) and the bulky N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1,3-bis(tert-butyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (ItBu), here we report the B-H bond activation of pinacolborane (HBPin), which has led to the isolation and structural authentication of a novel ion pair, [{ItBu-BPin}+{GaR3(μ-H)GaR3}-] (2). Contrastingly, neither ItBu or GaR3 was able to react with HBPin under the conditions of this study. Combining an NHC-stabilized borenium cation, [{ItBu-BPin}+], with an anionic dinuclear gallate, [{GaR3(μ-H)GaR3}-], 2 proved to be unstable in solution at room temperature, evolving to the abnormal NHC-Ga complex [BPinC{{N(tBu)]2CHCGa(R)3}] (3). Interestingly, the structural isomer of 2, with the borenium cation residing at the C4 position of the carbene, [{aItBu-BPin}+{GaR3(μ-H)GaR3}-] (4), was obtained when the abnormal NHC complex [aItBu·GaR3] (1) was heated to 70 °C with HBPin, demonstrating that, under these forced conditions, it is possible to induce thermal frustration of the Lewis base/Lewis acid components of 1, enabling the activation of HBPin. Building on these stoichiometric studies, the frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) reactivity observed for the GaR3/ItBu combination with HBPin could then be upgraded to catalytic regimes, allowing the efficient hydroboration of a range of aldehydes and ketones under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic insights into the possible reaction pathway involved in this process have been gained by combining kinetic investigations with a comparative study of the catalytic capabilities of several gallium and borenium species related to 2. Disclosing a new cooperative partnership, reactions are proposed to occur via the formation of a highly reactive monomeric hydride gallate, [{ItBu-BPin}+{GaR3(H)}-] (I). Each anionic and cationic component of I plays a key role for success of the hydroboration, with the nucleophilic monomeric gallate anion favoring the transfer of its hydride to the C═O bond of the organic substate, which in turn is activated by coordination to the borenium cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie J Bole
- Department für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Bern CH3012, Switzerland
| | - Marina Uzelac
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares-Madrid 28805, Spain
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Charles T O'Hara
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, Bern CH3012, Switzerland
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19
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Ton NNH, Mai BK, Nguyen TV. Tropylium-Promoted Hydroboration Reactions: Mechanistic Insights Via Experimental and Computational Studies. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9117-9133. [PMID: 34134487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydroboration reaction of alkynes is one of the most synthetically powerful tools to access organoboron compounds, versatile precursors for cross-coupling chemistry. This type of reaction has traditionally been mediated by transition-metal or main group catalysts. Herein, we report a novel method using tropylium salts, typically known as organic oxidants and Lewis acids, to promote the hydroboration reaction of alkynes. A broad range of vinylboranes can be easily accessed via this metal-free protocol. Similar hydroboration reactions of alkenes and epoxides can also be efficiently catalyzed by the same tropylium catalysts. Experimental studies and DFT calculations suggested that the reaction follows an uncommon mechanistic pathway, which is triggered by the hydride abstraction of pinacolborane with tropylium ion. This is followed by a series of in situ counterion-activated substituent exchanges to generate boron intermediates that promote the hydroboration reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan N H Ton
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Thanh Vinh Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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20
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Stoian C, Olaru M, Cucuiet TA, Kegyes KT, Sava A, Timoshkin AY, Raţ CI, Beckmann J. Bulky Polyfluorinated Terphenyldiphenylboranes: Water Tolerant Lewis Acids. Chemistry 2021; 27:4327-4331. [PMID: 33368648 PMCID: PMC7986919 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Protocols for the synthesis of the bulky polyfluorinated triarylboranes 2,6‐(C6F5)2C6F3B(C6F5)2 (1), 2,6‐(C6F5)2C6F3B[3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3] (2), 2,4,6‐(C6F5)3C6H2B(C6F5)2 (3), 2,4,6‐(C6F5)3C6H2B[3,5‐(CF3)2C6H3] (4) were developed. All boranes are water tolerant and according to the Gutmann‐Beckett method, 1–3 display Lewis acidities larger than that of the prominent B(C6F5)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Stoian
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany János Steet 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marian Olaru
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Teodor A Cucuiet
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany János Steet 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Krisztina T Kegyes
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany János Steet 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Sava
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany János Steet 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ciprian I Raţ
- Department of Chemistry, Supramolecular Organic and Organometallic Chemistry Centre (SOOMCC), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Arany János Steet 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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21
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Bismuto A, Cowley MJ, Thomas SP. Zwitterion‐Initiated Hydroboration of Alkynes and Styrene. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bismuto
- University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ
| | - Michael J. Cowley
- University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ
| | - Stephen P. Thomas
- University of Edinburgh Joseph Black Building David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3FJ
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22
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Coffinet A, Zhang D, Vendier L, Bontemps S, Simonneau A. Borane-catalysed dinitrogen borylation by 1,3-B-H bond addition. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:5582-5589. [PMID: 33908973 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00317h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The borylation of ligated dinitrogen by 1,3-B-H bond addition over a W-N[triple bond, length as m-dash]N unit using various hydroboranes has been examined. In a previous study, we have shown that Piers' borane (1) reacted with the tungsten dinitrogen complex 2 to afford a boryldiazenido-hydrido-tungsten species. The ease and mildness of this reaction have encouraged us to extend its scope, with the working hypothesis that 1 could potentially catalyse the 1,3-B-H bond addition of other hydroboranes. Under productive reaction conditions, dicyclohexylborane (HBCy2) and diisopinocampheylborane (HBIpc2) underwent retro-hydroboration to give cyclohexylborane (H2BCy) or isopinocampheylborane (H2BIpc), respectively; these monoalkylboranes act as N2-borylating agents in the presence of a catalytic amount of 1. Under similar conditions, 9-borabicyclononane (9-BBN) slowly adds over the W-N[triple bond, length as m-dash]N unit without rearrangement to a monoalkylborane. Catecholborane (HBcat) undergoes the 1,3-B-H bond addition without the need for a catalyst. We were not able to build more than one covalent B-N bond between the terminal N of the N2 ligand and the boron reagent with this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Coffinet
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Dan Zhang
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Laure Vendier
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Sébastien Bontemps
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
| | - Antoine Simonneau
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP44099, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 4, France.
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23
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Bage AD, Nicholson K, Hunt TA, Langer T, Thomas SP. The Hidden Role of Boranes and Borohydrides in Hydroboration Catalysis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Bage
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Nicholson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Hunt
- Medicinal Chemistry, Early Oncology, AstraZeneca, Unit 310, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Langer
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Chemical Development U.K., AstraZeneca, Silk Road, Macclesfield, SK10 2NA, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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24
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Bhagat V, Schumann J, Bettinger HF. Unusual Nitrene Oxidation Product Formation by Metathesis Involving the Dioxygen O-O and Borylnitrene B-N Bonds. Chemistry 2020; 26:12654-12663. [PMID: 32902001 PMCID: PMC7590100 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of dioxygen with nitrenes can have significant energy barriers, although both reactants are triplet diradicals and the formation of nitroso-O-oxides is spin-allowed. By means of matrix-isolation infrared spectroscopy in solid argon, nitrogen, and neon, and through high-level computational quantum chemistry, it is shown herein that a 3-nitreno-1,3,2-benzodioxaborole CatBN (Cat=catecholato) reacts with dioxygen under cryogenic conditions thermally at temperatures as low as 7 K to produce two distinct products, an anti-nitroso-O-oxide and a nitritoborane CatBONO. The computed barriers for the formation of nitroso-O-oxide isomers are very low. Whereas anti-nitroso-O-oxide is kinetically trapped, its bisected isomer has a very low barrier for metathesis, yielding the CatBO+NO radicals in a strongly exothermic reaction; these radicals can combine under matrix-isolation conditions to give nitritoborane CatBONO. The trapped isomer, anti-nitroso-O-oxide, can form the nitritoborane CatBONO only after photoexcitation, possibly involving isomerization to the bisected isomer of anti-nitroso-O-oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virinder Bhagat
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Julia Schumann
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1872076TübingenGermany
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25
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Vijjamarri S, O’Denius TM, Yao B, Kubátová A, Du G. Highly Selective Hydroboration of Carbonyls by a Manganese Catalyst: Insight into the Reaction Mechanism. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Vijjamarri
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Timothy M. O’Denius
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Bin Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Guodong Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
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26
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Avinash I, Parveen S, Anantharaman G. Backbone Boron-Functionalized Imidazoles/Imidazolium Salts: Synthesis, Structure, Metalation Studies, and Fluoride Sensing Properties. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5646-5661. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iruthayaraj Avinash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Sabeeha Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Ganapathi Anantharaman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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27
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Docherty JH, Nicholson K, Dominey AP, Thomas SP. A Boron–Boron Double Transborylation Strategy for the Synthesis of gem-Diborylalkanes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie H. Docherty
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Nicholson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Dominey
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Park
- Department of ChemistryGuangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology Guangdong 515063 P. R. China
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology Technion City 32000 Haifa Israel
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29
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Carden JL, Dasgupta A, Melen RL. Halogenated triarylboranes: synthesis, properties and applications in catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1706-1725. [PMID: 32100762 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00769e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Halogenated triarylboranes (BAr3) have been known for decades, however it has only been since the surge of interest in main group catalysis that their application as strong Lewis acid catalysts has been recognised. This review aims to look past the popular tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [B(C6F5)3] to the other halogenated triarylboranes, to give a greater breadth of understanding as to how tuning the Lewis acidity of BAr3 by modifications of the aryl rings can lead to improved reactivity. In this review, a discussion on Lewis acidity determination of boranes is given, the synthesis of these boranes is discussed, and examples of how they are being used for catalysis and frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Carden
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, Cymru/Wales, UK.
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30
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Saptal VB, Wang R, Park S. Recent advances in transition metal-free catalytic hydroelementation (E = B, Si, Ge, and Sn) of alkynes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43539-43565. [PMID: 35519696 PMCID: PMC9058465 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07768b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the recent advances in the transition metal-free hydroelementation of alkynes with various metalloid hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitthal B. Saptal
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- China
| | - Ruibin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- China
| | - Sehoon Park
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- China
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- 32000 Haifa
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31
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Abstract
The hydroboration of alkynes with pinacolborane (HBpin) under catalyst- and solvent-free conditions was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Jaladi
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University, and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Chunchon 24341
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Seong Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University, and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Chunchon 24341
- Republic of Korea
| | - Duk Keun An
- Department of Chemistry
- Kangwon National University, and Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology
- Chunchon 24341
- Republic of Korea
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32
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Das KK, Paul S, Panda S. Transition metal-free synthesis of alkyl pinacol boronates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8939-8974. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01721c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This review systematically outlined the research in the area of transition metal free synthesis of alkyl pinacol boronates, which are versatile and important scaffolds to construct diverse organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanak Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Swagata Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
| | - Santanu Panda
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur 721302
- India
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33
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Seo Y, Gudz A, Lowe JM, Gagné MR. Selective deoxygenation of gibberellic acid with fluoroarylborane catalysts. Tetrahedron 2019; 75. [PMID: 32523234 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Reductive late-stage functionalization of gibberellic acid is reported using three fluoroarylborane Lewis acids; (B(C6F5)3, B(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2), and B(2,4,6-C6H2F3)3) in combination with a tertiary silane and a borane (HBCat) reductant. In each case, C-O bond activation occurs, and different products are obtained depending on the reductant and catalyst employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngran Seo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Anton Gudz
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jared M Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Michel R Gagné
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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34
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Nieto-Sepulveda E, Bage AD, Evans LA, Hunt TA, Leach AG, Thomas SP, Lloyd-Jones GC. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Arase-Hoshi R2BH-Catalyzed Alkyne Hydroboration: Alkenylboronate Generation via B–H/C–B Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18600-18611. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Nieto-Sepulveda
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. Bage
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A. Evans
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Hunt
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, CB4 0WG, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew G. Leach
- School of Health Sciences, Stopford Building, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Thomas
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Guy C. Lloyd-Jones
- EaStChem, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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35
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Ma DH, Jaladi AK, Lee JH, Kim TS, Shin WK, Hwang H, An DK. Catalytic Hydroboration of Aldehydes, Ketones, and Alkenes Using Potassium Carbonate: A Small Key to Big Transformation. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:15893-15903. [PMID: 31592459 PMCID: PMC6776975 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
An efficient transition-metal-free protocol for the hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones (reduction) was developed. The hydroboration of a wide range of aldehydes and ketones with pinacolborane (HBpin) under the K2CO3 catalyst has been studied. The reaction system is practical and reliable and proceeds under extremely mild and operationally simple conditions. No prior preparation of the complex metal catalyst was required, and hydroboration occurred stoichiometrically. Further, the chemoselective reduction of aldehydes over ketones was carried out. Moreover, we demonstrated the use of K2CO3 as an efficient catalyst for the hydroboration of alkenes. The operational simplicity, inexpensive and transition-metal-free catalyst, and the applicability to gram-scale synthesis strengthen its potential applications for hydroboration (reduction) at an industrial scale.
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36
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Kim E, Jeon HJ, Park S, Chang S. Double Hydroboration of Quinolines
via
Borane Catalysis: Diastereoselective One Pot Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxytetrahydroquinolines. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunae Kim
- Department of ChemistryKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Jeon
- Department of ChemistryKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon FunctionalizationInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Sehoon Park
- Department of ChemistryKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon FunctionalizationInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Department of ChemistryKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon FunctionalizationInstitute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Korea
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37
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Wang ZC, Shen D, Gao J, Jia X, Xu Y, Shi SL. Base-catalysed reductive relay hydroboration of allylic alcohols with pinacolborane to form alkylboronic esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8848-8851. [PMID: 31173003 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03459e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented base-catalysed reductive relay hydroboration of allylic alcohols is described. Commercially available nBuLi was found to be a robust transition metal-free initiator for this protocol, affording various boronic esters in high yield and selectivity. Mechanistically, this methodology involves a one-pot three-step successive process (dehydrocoupling/allylic hydride substitution/anti-Markovnikov hydroboration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Chao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, and Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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38
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Li F, Bai X, Cai Y, Li H, Zhang SQ, Liu FH, Hong X, Xu Y, Shi SL. Aluminum-Catalyzed Selective Hydroboration of Alkenes and Alkynylsilanes. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Xu Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Feng-Hua Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Youjun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shi-Liang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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39
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Seo Y, Lowe JM, Gagné MR. Controlling Sugar Deoxygenation Products from Biomass by Choice of Fluoroarylborane Catalyst. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youngran Seo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jared M. Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Michel R. Gagné
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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40
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San HH, Wang CY, Zeng HP, Fu ST, Jiang M, Tang XY. Boron-Catalyzed Azide Insertion of α-Aryl α-Diazoesters. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4478-4485. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Htet Htet San
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Ying Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Peng Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Tao Fu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
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41
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Abstract
The study of main-group molecules that behave and react similarly to transition-metal (TM) complexes has attracted significant interest in recent decades. Most notably, the attractive idea of replacing the all-too-often rare and costly metals from catalysis has motivated efforts to develop main-group-element-mediated reactions. Main-group elements, however, lack the electronic flexibility of TM complexes that arises from combinations of empty and filled d orbitals and that seem ideally suited to bind and activate many substrates. In this review, we look at boron, an element that despite its nonmetal nature, low atomic weight, and relative redox staticity has achieved great milestones in terms of TM-like reactivity. We show how in interelement cooperative systems, diboron molecules, and hypovalent complexes the fifth element can acquire a truly metallomimetic character. As we discuss, this character is powerfully demonstrated by the reactivity of boron-based molecules with H2, CO, alkynes, alkenes and even with N2.
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42
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Bisai MK, Yadav S, Das T, Vanka K, Sen SS. Lithium compounds as single site catalysts for hydroboration of alkenes and alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11711-11714. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05783h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Readily accessible lithium compounds have been employed to catalyze the hydroboration of alkene and alkynes including terpenes using HBpin with anti-Markovnikov selectivity. The mechanism is proposed on the basis of experimental and DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Bisai
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Tamal Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad-201002
- India
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad-201002
- India
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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43
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44
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Wang ZC, Wang M, Gao J, Shi SL, Xu Y. nBuLi-promoted anti-Markovnikov selective hydroboration of unactivated alkenes and internal alkynes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00750d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel anti-Markovnikov selective hydroboration of alkenes and alkynes with HBpin using nBuLi as an effective initiator is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Chao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- and Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education)
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Jian Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- and Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education)
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
| | - Shi-Liang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Youjun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- and Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery (Ministry of Education)
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang 110016
- China
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45
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Carden JL, Gierlichs LJ, Wass DF, Browne DL, Melen RL. Unlocking the catalytic potential of tris(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)borane with microwave irradiation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:318-321. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09459d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic activity of tris(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)borane has been explored in the 1,2-hydroboration reactions of unsaturated substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Carden
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Main Building
- Park Place
- Cardiff
| | | | - Duncan F. Wass
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Main Building
- Park Place
- Cardiff
| | - Duncan L. Browne
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Main Building
- Park Place
- Cardiff
| | - Rebecca L. Melen
- School of Chemistry
- Cardiff University
- Main Building
- Park Place
- Cardiff
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46
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Ould DMC, Melen RL. Arsenic Catalysis: Hydroboration of Aldehydes Using a Benzo‐Fused Diaza‐benzyloxy‐arsole. Chemistry 2018; 24:15201-15204. [PMID: 30088671 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Darren M. C. Ould
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT Cymru/Wales UK
| | - Rebecca L. Melen
- School of ChemistryCardiff University Main Building, Park Place Cardiff CF10 3AT Cymru/Wales UK
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47
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Lowe JM, Seo Y, Gagné MR. Boron-Catalyzed Site-Selective Reduction of Carbohydrate Derivatives with Catecholborane. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M. Lowe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Youngran Seo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Michel R. Gagné
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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48
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San HH, Wang SJ, Jiang M, Tang XY. Boron-Catalyzed O-H Bond Insertion of α-Aryl α-Diazoesters in Water. Org Lett 2018; 20:4672-4676. [PMID: 30033730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic, metal-free O-H bond insertion of α-diazoesters in water in the presence of B(C6F5)3· nH2O (2 mol %) was developed, affording a series of α-hydroxyesters in good to excellent yields. The reaction features easy operation and wide substrate scope, and importantly, no metal is needed as compared with the conventional methods. Significantly, this approach further expands the applications of B(C6F5)3 under water-tolerant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Htet Htet San
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry , Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Ying Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , 1037 Luoyu Road , Wuhan 430074 , People's Republic of China
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49
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Vasko P, Zulkifly IA, Fuentes MÁ, Mo Z, Hicks J, Kamer PCJ, Aldridge S. Reversible C-H Activation, Facile C-B/B-H Metathesis and Apparent Hydroboration Catalysis by a Dimethylxanthene-Based Frustrated Lewis Pair. Chemistry 2018; 24:10531-10540. [PMID: 29786906 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A dimethylxanthene-based phosphine/borane frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) is shown to effect reversible C-H activation, cleaving phenylacetylene, PhCCH, to give an equilibrium mixture of the free FLP and phosphonium acetylide in CD2 Cl2 solution at room temperature. This system also reacts with B-H bonds although in a different fashion: reactions with HBpin and HBcat proceed via C-B/B-H metathesis, leading to replacement of the -B(C6 F5 )2 Lewis acid component by -Bpin/-Bcat, and transfer of HB(C6 F5 )2 to the phosphine Lewis base. This transformation underpins the ability of the FLP to catalyze the hydroboration of alkynes by HBpin: the active species is derived from the HB(C6 F5 )2 fragment generated in this exchange process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Vasko
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Ili A Zulkifly
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - M Ángeles Fuentes
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Paul C J Kamer
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis (LIKAT Rostock), Albert-Einstein-Str. 29 a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Department of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
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50
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Jayaraman A, Misal Castro LC, Desrosiers V, Fontaine FG. Metal-free borylative dearomatization of indoles: exploring the divergent reactivity of aminoborane C-H borylation catalysts. Chem Sci 2018; 9:5057-5063. [PMID: 29938036 PMCID: PMC5994747 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01093e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first example of catalytic dearomatization of indoles to generate 3-borylindolines using metal-free borane catalysts.
While the dearomatization of indoles by carbon–boron bond forming reactions is new and quite promising, they are so far mainly metal-catalyzed. Here, we establish the use of metal-free catalysts in promoting such reactions in an atom-efficient way. The in situ generated ambiphilic aminoborane catalyst (1-Pip-2-BH2-C6H4)2 (Pip = piperidyl) promotes borylative dearomatization of various 1-arylsulfonyl indoles with pinacolborane in a syn addition fashion, with H and Bpin groups added respectively to the 2 and 3 positions of indoles. Catalysis proceeds with good to excellent conversion and essentially with complete regio- and diastereoselectivity. From mechanistic insights and DFT computations, we realized and established that prototypical boranes can also catalyze this borylative dearomatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Jayaraman
- Département de Chimie , Centre de Catalyse et de Chimie Verte (C3V) , Université Laval , Québec City , Québec , Canada G1V 0A6 .
| | - Luis C Misal Castro
- Département de Chimie , Centre de Catalyse et de Chimie Verte (C3V) , Université Laval , Québec City , Québec , Canada G1V 0A6 .
| | - Vincent Desrosiers
- Département de Chimie , Centre de Catalyse et de Chimie Verte (C3V) , Université Laval , Québec City , Québec , Canada G1V 0A6 .
| | - Frédéric-Georges Fontaine
- Département de Chimie , Centre de Catalyse et de Chimie Verte (C3V) , Université Laval , Québec City , Québec , Canada G1V 0A6 .
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