1
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Roy P, Anjum SR, Sanwal SD, Ramachary DB. Direct organocatalytic transfer hydrogenation and C-H oxidation: high-yielding synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-alkyloxindoles. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8335-8343. [PMID: 37800473 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01264f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Readily available 3-alkylideneoxindoles were effectively reduced to 3-alkyloxindoles through transfer hydrogenation using Hantzsch ester as a reducing agent at ambient temperature and the greenness/sustainability of this protocol was assessed by correlation with Pd/C-mediated hydrogenation with hydrogen gas. Furthermore, an organocatalytic method was developed to access drug-like 3-alkyl-3-hydroxyoxindoles by C-H oxidation of 3-alkyl-indolin-2-one, using a catalytic amount of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) as an organic base and dissolved oxygen in THF as an oxidant at room temperature. Key reaction intermediates were observed by controlled on-line ESI-HRMS experiments and identified by their corresponding mass (m/z) analysis. This two-step high-yielding transfer hydrogenation/C-H oxidation protocol was used for the total synthesis of medicinally important 3-cyanomethyl-3-hydroxyoxindole and formal total synthesis of (±)-alline and (±)-CPC-I in very good overall yields compared to previous methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Roy
- Catalysis Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 046, India.
| | - S Rehana Anjum
- Catalysis Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 046, India.
| | - Shyam D Sanwal
- Catalysis Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad-500 046, India.
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2
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Salin AV. Effects of Anchimeric Assistance in Phosphonium Enolates Chemistry. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222070015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phosphonium enolates are key intermediates of phosphine-catalyzed reactions extensively used in current organic synthesis for construction of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bonds. Herein, general methods for increasing the rates, chemo- and stereoselectivity on the basis of effects of anchimeric assistance for the reactions involving formation of phosphonium enolates are discussed.
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3
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Kerru N, Katari NK, Jonnalagadda SB. Critical trends in synthetic organic chemistry in terms of organocatalysis. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The utilization of small organic compounds as catalysts has advanced rapidly, and organocatalysis has emerged as a dominant technique complementary to metal-catalyzed organic conversions. The organocatalysis field has enhanced the progression of innovative approaches to make varied chiral molecules. Researchers have placed enormous effort towards designing and blending simpler organocatalysts to synthesize enantioselective molecules in good yields. This work emphasized the impact of enamine, iminium, hydrogen bonding, and phase transfer organocatalysts in organic synthesis. The monograph focused on the crucial methods to construct valuable molecules with high enantiomeric purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Kerru
- Department of Chemistry , GITAM School of Science, GITAM University, Bengaluru Campus , Karnataka 561203 , India
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus , Chiltern Hills , Durban 4000 , South Africa
| | - Naresh Kumar Katari
- Department of Chemistry , School of Science, GITAM deemed to be University , Hyderabad , Telangana 502329 , India
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus , Chiltern Hills , Durban 4000 , South Africa
| | - Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus , Chiltern Hills , Durban 4000 , South Africa
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4
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Pàmies O, Margalef J, Cañellas S, James J, Judge E, Guiry PJ, Moberg C, Bäckvall JE, Pfaltz A, Pericàs MA, Diéguez M. Recent Advances in Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution: From Design to Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:4373-4505. [PMID: 33739109 PMCID: PMC8576828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This Review compiles the evolution, mechanistic understanding, and more recent advances in enantioselective Pd-catalyzed allylic substitution and decarboxylative and oxidative allylic substitutions. For each reaction, the catalytic data, as well as examples of their application to the synthesis of more complex molecules, are collected. Sections in which we discuss key mechanistic aspects for high selectivity and a comparison with other metals (with advantages and disadvantages) are also included. For Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution, the catalytic data are grouped according to the type of nucleophile employed. Because of the prominent position of the use of stabilized carbon nucleophiles and heteronucleophiles, many chiral ligands have been developed. To better compare the results, they are presented grouped by ligand types. Pd-catalyzed asymmetric decarboxylative reactions are mainly promoted by PHOX or Trost ligands, which justifies organizing this section in chronological order. For asymmetric oxidative allylic substitution the results are grouped according to the type of nucleophile used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Pàmies
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jèssica Margalef
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Santiago Cañellas
- Discovery
Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Janssen-Cilag, S.A. Jarama 75A, 45007, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jinju James
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eric Judge
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick J. Guiry
- Centre
for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Christina Moberg
- KTH
Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-E. Bäckvall
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Pfaltz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel. St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miquel A. Pericàs
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat de Barcelona. 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Diéguez
- Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Departament de
Química Física i Inorgànica, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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5
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Papadopoulos GN, Kokotou MG, Spiliopoulou N, Nikitas NF, Voutyritsa E, Tzaras DI, Kaplaneris N, Kokotos CG. Phenylglyoxylic Acid: An Efficient Initiator for the Photochemical Hydrogen Atom Transfer C-H Functionalization of Heterocycles. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5934-5944. [PMID: 32833347 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
C-H functionalization at the α-position of heterocycles has become a rapidly growing area of research. Herein, a cheap and efficient photochemical method was developed for the C-H functionalization of heterocycles. Phenylglyoxylic acid (PhCOCOOH) could behave as an alternative to metal-based catalysts and organic dyes and provided a very general and wide array of photochemical C-H alkylation, alkenylation, and alkynylation, as well as C-N bond forming reaction methodologies. This novel, mild, and metal-free protocol was successfully employed in the functionalization of a wide range of C-H bonds, utilizing not only O- or N-heterocycles, but also the less studied S-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos N Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Maroula G Kokotou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikoleta Spiliopoulou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos F Nikitas
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Errika Voutyritsa
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios I Tzaras
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771, Athens, Greece
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6
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Takizawa S. Organocatalytic Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Heterocycles by Enantioselective aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman-Type Domino Reactions. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2020; 68:299-315. [PMID: 32238648 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalytic enantioselective domino reactions are an extremely attractive methodology, as their use enables the construction of complex chiral skeletons from readily available starting materials in two or more steps by a single operation under mild reaction conditions. Thus, these reactions can save both the quantity of chemicals and length of time typically required for the isolation and/or purification of synthetic intermediates. Additionally, no metal contamination of the products occurs, given that organocatalysts include no expensive or toxic metals. The aza-Morita-Baylis-Hillman (aza-MBH) reaction is an atom-economical carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction between α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and imines mediated by Lewis base (LB) catalysts, such as nucleophilic phosphines and amines. aza-MBH products are functionalized chiral β-amino acid derivatives that are highly valuable as pharmaceutical raw materials. Although various enantioselective aza-MBH processes have been investigated, very few studies of aza-MBH-type domino reactions have been reported due to the complexity of the aza-MBH process, which involves a Michael/Mannich/H-transfer/β-elimination sequence. Accordingly, in this review article, our recent efforts in the development of enantioselective domino reactions initiated by MBH processes are described. In the domino reactions, chiral organocatalysts bearing Brønsted acid (BA) and/or LB units impart synergistic activation to substrates, leading to the easy synthesis of highly functionalized heterocycles (some of which have tetrasubstituted and/or quaternary carbon stereocenters) in high yield and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Takizawa
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Artificial Intelligence Research Center, The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University
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7
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Mato R, Manzano R, Reyes E, Carrillo L, Uria U, Vicario JL. Catalytic Enantioselective Transannular Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9495-9499. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mato
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Rubén Manzano
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Efraim Reyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luisa Carrillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Uxue Uria
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose L. Vicario
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
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8
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Li Y, Ma F, Li P, Miao T, Wang L. Hydrogen and Sulfonyl Radical Generation for the Hydrogenation and Arylsulfonylation of Alkenes Driven by Photochemical Activity of Hydrogen Bond Donor‐Acceptor Complexes. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of ChemistryHuaibei Normal University, Huaibei Anhui 235000 People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of ChemistryHuaibei Normal University, Huaibei Anhui 235000 People's Republic of China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Department of ChemistryHuaibei Normal University, Huaibei Anhui 235000 People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Miao
- Department of ChemistryHuaibei Normal University, Huaibei Anhui 235000 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of ChemistryHuaibei Normal University, Huaibei Anhui 235000 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic ChemistryShanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 People's Republic of China
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9
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Sun YL, Wei Y, Shi M. Phosphine-catalyzed fixation of CO2 with γ-hydroxyl alkynone under ambient temperature and pressure: kinetic resolution and further conversion. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00642g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphine-catalyzed fixation of CO2 with γ-hydroxyl alkynone under ambient temperature and pressure was achieved and the first example of chiral phosphine catalyzed kinetic resolution of propargyl alcohols via carbon dioxide fixation was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Liang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Yin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
| | - Min Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
- China
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10
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Meninno S, Quaratesi I, Volpe C, Mazzanti A, Lattanzi A. Catalytic enantioselective one-pot approach to cis- and trans-2,3-diaryl substituted 1,5-benzothiazepines. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6923-6934. [PMID: 30226256 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01988f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective catalytic approach to cis- and trans-2,3-diaryl substituted 1,5-benzothiazepines has been conveniently developed in a one-pot fashion, starting from α,β-unsaturated acyl pyrazoles and 2-aminothiophenol. The organocatalytic two-step sulfa-Michael/lactamization sequence is promoted by a readily available bifunctional thiourea and p-toluenesulfonic acid, respectively. The protocol enables access to both N-unprotected cis- and trans-diastereoisomers in moderate to satisfactory overall yields (up to 84%) and good to excellent ee values (up to 99%). Mechanistic investigations helped to shed light on the regio- and stereoselective outcome of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Meninno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia "A. Zambelli", Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084, Fisciano, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanzhen Ni
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Wai-Lun Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
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12
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Swyka RA, Berkowitz DB. The In Situ Enzymatic Screening (ISES) Approach to Reaction Discovery and Catalyst Identification. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 9:285-305. [PMID: 29241292 PMCID: PMC5734113 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The importance of discovering new chemical transformations and/or optimizing catalytic combinations has led to a flurry of activity in reaction screening. The in situ enzymatic screening (ISES) approach described here utilizes biological tools (enzymes/cofactors) to advance chemistry. The protocol interfaces an organic reaction layer with an adjacent aqueous layer containing reporting enzymes that act upon the organic reaction product, giving rise to a spectroscopic signal. ISES allows the experimentalist to rapidly glean information on the relative rates of a set of parallel organic/organometallic reactions under investigation, without the need to quench the reactions or draw aliquots. In certain cases, the real-time enzymatic readout also provides information on sense and magnitude of enantioselectivity and substrate specificity. This article contains protocols for single-well (relative rate) and double-well (relative rate/enantiomeric excess) ISES, in addition to a colorimetric ISES protocol and a miniaturized double-well procedure. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Swyka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
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13
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Triandafillidi I, Kokotou MG, Kokotos CG. Photocatalytic Synthesis of γ-Lactones from Alkenes: High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry as a Tool To Study Photoredox Reactions. Org Lett 2017; 20:36-39. [PMID: 29215290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mild photocatalytic manifold for the synthesis of γ-lactones has been developed. Utilizing Ru(bpy)3Cl2 as the photocatalyst, a cheap and reproducible synthetic protocol for γ-lactones has been introduced. Mechanistic studies revealed the successful monitoring of photocatalytic reactions and radical intermediates via high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ierasia Triandafillidi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Maroula G Kokotou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Christoforos G Kokotos
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Athens 15771, Greece
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14
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Bharadwaj KC. Acryl Activation by Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond: Morita Baylis Hillman Reaction of Acrylamide with Broad Substrate Scope. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kishor Chandra Bharadwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science; Banaras Hindu Uniaversity; Varanasi India- 221005
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15
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Pellissier H. Recent developments in the asymmetric organocatalytic Morita−Baylis−Hillman reaction. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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