1
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Mo JN, Sun S, Xu H, Shu H, Zhao J. Synthesis of γ-Oxo-phosphonates via N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Catalyzed Acylphosphorylation of Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:2197-2201. [PMID: 38451224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we present an N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed method for the radical acylphosphorylation of alkenes. Electrochemical investigations were employed to identify an appropriate class of oxime phosphonates capable of undergoing a single-electron transfer (SET) with Breslow enolates. The resulting phosphoryl radicals were effectively coupled with diverse styrenes and aldehydes to yield a variety of γ-oxo-phosphonates. Both radical clock experiments and electrochemical studies support our reaction design, and a plausible mechanism for the organocatalytic transformation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Mo
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shengbin Sun
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huiwei Xu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hanyu Shu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jiannan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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2
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Ma Y, Pan Q, Ou C, Cai Y, Ma X, Liu C. Aryl sulfonyl fluoride synthesis via organophotocatalytic fluorosulfonylation of diaryliodonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7597-7601. [PMID: 37676649 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01200j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
A mild and efficient synthesis of various aryl sulfonyl fluorides from diaryliodonium salts under organophotocatalysis via a radical sulfur dioxide insertion and fluorination strategy is presented. Diaryliodonium salts are used as aryl radical precursors, the 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bis(sulfur dioxide) adduct (DABSO) as a sulfonyl source and cheap KHF2 as a desirable fluorine source, respectively. Notably, the electronic properties of substituents on the aromatic rings in diaryliodonium salts have a significant influence on the reaction yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Ma
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Qijun Pan
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Caiyun Ou
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Yinxia Cai
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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3
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Bugaenko DI, Karchava AV, Yurovskaya MA. Transition metal-free cross-coupling reactions with the formation of carbon-heteroatom bonds. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr5022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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4
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Louvel D, Chelagha A, Rouillon J, Payard P, Khrouz L, Monnereau C, Tlili A. Metal‐Free Visible‐Light Synthesis of Arylsulfonyl Fluorides: Scope and Mechanism. Chemistry 2021; 27:8704-8708. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Louvel
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246) Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1 CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Aida Chelagha
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246) Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1 CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jean Rouillon
- Univ Lyon Ens de Lyon CNRS UMR 5182 Université Lyon 1 Laboratoire de Chimie 69342 Lyon France
| | - Pierre‐Adrien Payard
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246) Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1 CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Lhoussain Khrouz
- Univ Lyon Ens de Lyon CNRS UMR 5182 Université Lyon 1 Laboratoire de Chimie 69342 Lyon France
| | - Cyrille Monnereau
- Univ Lyon Ens de Lyon CNRS UMR 5182 Université Lyon 1 Laboratoire de Chimie 69342 Lyon France
| | - Anis Tlili
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry (ICBMS-UMR CNRS 5246) Univ Lyon Université Lyon 1 CNRS, CPE-Lyon, INSA 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
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5
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Levin VV, Dilman AD. Alkene homologation via visible light promoted hydrophosphination using triphenylphosphonium triflate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:749-752. [PMID: 33346287 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A hydrophosphination reaction of alkenes with triphenylphosphonium triflate under photocatalytic conditions is described. The reaction is promoted by naphthalene-fused N-acylbenzimidazole and is believed to proceed through intermediate formation of a phosphinyl radical cation. The resulting phosphonium salts are directly involved in the Wittig reaction leading to homologated alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalij V Levin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander D Dilman
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Leninsky prosp. 47, Russian Federation
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6
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Bugaenko DI, Volkov AA, Karchava AV, Yurovskaya MA. Generation of aryl radicals by redox processes. Recent progress in the arylation methodology. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Arylation methods based on the generation and use of aryl radicals have been a rapidly growing field of research in recent years and currently represent a powerful strategy for carbon – carbon and carbon – heteroatom bond formation. The progress in this field is related to advances in the methods for generation of aryl radicals. The currently used aryl radical precursors include aryl halides, aryldiazonium and diaryliodonium salts, arylcarboxylic acids and their derivatives, arylboronic acids, arylhydrazines, organosulfur(II, VI) compounds and some other compounds. Aryl radicals are generated under mild conditions by single electron reduction or oxidation of precursors induced by conventional reagents, visible light or electric current. A crucial role in the development of the radical arylation methodology belongs to photoredox processes either catalyzed by transition metal complexes or organic dyes or proceeding without catalysts. Unlike the conventional transition metal-catalyzed arylation methods, radical arylation reactions proceed very often at room temperature and have high functional group tolerance. Without claiming to be exhaustive, this review covers the most important advances of the current decade in the generation and synthetic applications of (het)aryl radicals. Examples of reactions are given and mechanistic insights are highlighted.
The bibliography includes 341 references.
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7
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Li CJ, Ung SPM, Mechrouk VA. Shining Light on the Light-Bearing Element: A Brief Review of Photomediated C–H Phosphorylation Reactions. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOrganophosphorus compounds have numerous useful applications, from versatile ligands and nucleophiles in the case of trivalent organophosphorus species to therapeutics, agrochemicals and material additives for pentavalent species. Although phosphorus chemistry is a fairly mature field, the construction of C–P(V) bonds relies heavily on either prefunctionalized substrates such as alkyl or aryl halides, or requires previously oxidized bonds such as C=N or C=O, leading to potential sustainability issues when looking at the overall synthetic route. In light of the recent advances in photochemistry, using photons as a reagent can provide better alternatives for phosphorylations by unlocking radical mechanisms and providing interesting redox pathways. This review will showcase the different photomediated phosphorylation procedures available for converting C–H bonds into C–P(V) bonds.1 Introduction1.1 Organophosphorus Compounds1.2 Phosphorylation: Construction of C–P(V) Bonds1.3 Photochemistry as an Alternative to Classical Phosphorylations2 Ionic Mechanisms Involving Nucleophilic Additions3 Mechanisms Involving Radical Intermediates3.1 Mechanisms Involving Reactive Carbon Radicals3.2 Mechanisms Involving Phosphorus Radicals3.2.1 Photoredox: Direct Creation of Phosphorus Radicals3.2.2 Photoredox: Indirect Creation of Phosphorus Radicals3.2.3 Dual Catalysis3.3 Photolytic Cleavage4 Conclusion and Outlook
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8
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Xiang M, Zhou C, Yang XL, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Visible Light-Catalyzed Benzylic C-H Bond Chlorination by a Combination of Organic Dye (Acr +-Mes) and N-Chlorosuccinimide. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9080-9087. [PMID: 32434320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
By combining "N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS)" as the safe chlorine source with "Acr+-Mes" as the photocatalyst, we successfully achieved benzylic C-H bond chlorination under visible light irradiation. Furthermore, benzylic chlorides could be converted to benzylic ethers smoothly in a one-pot manner by adding sodium methoxide. This mild and scalable chlorination method worked effectively for diverse toluene derivatives, especially for electron-deficient substrates. Careful mechanistic studies supported that NCS provided a hydrogen abstractor "N-centered succinimidyl radical," which was responsible for the cleavage of the benzylic C-H bond, relying on the reducing ability of Acr•-Mes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Long Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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9
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Rammal F, Gaumont AC, Lakhdar S. Metal-Free Visible-Light-Mediated Aromatization of 1,2-Dihydronaphthalenes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Rammal
- LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; Normandie University; 6, Bd. Maréchal Juin 14000 Caen France
| | - Annie-Claude Gaumont
- LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; Normandie University; 6, Bd. Maréchal Juin 14000 Caen France
| | - Sami Lakhdar
- LCMT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS; Normandie University; 6, Bd. Maréchal Juin 14000 Caen France
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10
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Fluoroalkylselenolation of Alkyl Silanes/Trifluoroborates under Metal-Free Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Visible light-mediated CP bond formation reactions. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:337-350. [PMID: 36659598 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds have attracted continuous attention in materials science, agrochemical and pharmaceutical fields due to their unique bioactivities. Thus, the development of novel and robust manners for the construction new CP bond has therefore gained great interests in synthetic organic chemistry. Because of their intrinsic sustainability and green chemistry character, visible light-induced photoredox catalysis has been widely applied in the construction of new chemical bonds, including the formation of CP bond. In this review, we summarized recent achievements in CP bond formation reactions initiated by visible light-induced photoredox catalysis, which mainly focusing on the discussion of reaction design and the mechanism.
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12
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Murphy GK, Racicot L, Carle MS. The Chemistry between Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents and Organophosphorus Compounds. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Graham K. Murphy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Waterloo 200 University Ave W. Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - Léanne Racicot
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Waterloo 200 University Ave W. Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyMcMaster University Hamilton ON L8S 4L8 Canada
| | - Myriam S. Carle
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Waterloo 200 University Ave W. Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada
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13
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Gelat F, Roger M, Penverne C, Mazzad A, Rolando C, Chausset-Boissarie L. UV-mediated hydrophosphinylation of unactivated alkenes with phosphinates under batch and flow conditions. RSC Adv 2018; 8:8385-8392. [PMID: 35542039 PMCID: PMC9078595 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12977g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A UV-mediated hydrophosphinylation of unactivated alkenes with H-phosphinates and hypophosphorous acid under radical free conditions is presented. The reaction affords selectively a large number of structurally diverse organophosphorous compounds in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions in the presence of an organic sensitizer as catalyst irradiated by UV-A LEDs. Furthermore, the high yielding hydrophosphinylation in continuous flow is disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Gelat
- USR 3290, MSAP, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique and FR 2638, Institut Eugène-Michel Chevreul, Université de Lille F-59000 Lille France
| | - Maxime Roger
- USR 3290, MSAP, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique and FR 2638, Institut Eugène-Michel Chevreul, Université de Lille F-59000 Lille France
| | - Christophe Penverne
- USR 3290, MSAP, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique and FR 2638, Institut Eugène-Michel Chevreul, Université de Lille F-59000 Lille France
| | - Ahmed Mazzad
- USR 3290, MSAP, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique and FR 2638, Institut Eugène-Michel Chevreul, Université de Lille F-59000 Lille France
| | - Christian Rolando
- USR 3290, MSAP, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique and FR 2638, Institut Eugène-Michel Chevreul, Université de Lille F-59000 Lille France
| | - Laëtitia Chausset-Boissarie
- USR 3290, MSAP, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse l'Analyse et la Protéomique and FR 2638, Institut Eugène-Michel Chevreul, Université de Lille F-59000 Lille France
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14
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Yin Y, Weng WZ, Sun JG, Zhang B. Eosin Y-catalyzed, visible-light-promoted carbophosphinylation of allylic alcohols via a radical neophyl rearrangement. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:2356-2361. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00231b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An eosin Y-catalyzed, visible-light-promoted phosphinylation-induced 1,2-rearrangement reaction of allylic alcohols to prepare various β-aryl-γ-ketophosphine oxides is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Wei-Zhi Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Jian-Guo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
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15
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Xiang M, Xin ZK, Chen B, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Exploring the Reducing Ability of Organic Dye (Acr +-Mes) for Fluorination and Oxidation of Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Bonds under Visible Light Irradiation. Org Lett 2017; 19:3009-3012. [PMID: 28530821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The excellent oxidizing capability of acridinium-based organic dye (Acr+-Mes) is fully studied in photoredox catalysis. However, its reducing ability is always considered weak for organic transformation. The reducing ability of Acr+-Mes is developed by Selectfluor to achieve effective fluorination and oxidation of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds under visible light irradiation, which is not available for the direct use of oxidizing ability of excited Acr+-Mes. Mechanistic insights provided strong evidence for the oxidative quenching of Acr+-Mes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Kun Xin
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
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16
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Menigaux D, Belmont P, Brachet E. Light on Unsaturated Hydrocarbons - “Gotta Heterofunctionalize Them All”. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Menigaux
- Université Paris Descartes; Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8638 (COMETE); 4 avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Philippe Belmont
- Université Paris Descartes; Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8638 (COMETE); 4 avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
| | - Etienne Brachet
- Université Paris Descartes; Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, UMR CNRS 8638 (COMETE); 4 avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 Paris France
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of ChemistryCollege of SciencesNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Chao Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of ChemistryCollege of SciencesNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
- College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
| | - Lei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science and Department of ChemistryCollege of SciencesNanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
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