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Su J, Gong Y, Batista ER, Lucena AF, Maria L, Marçalo J, Van Stipdonk MJ, Berden G, Martens J, Oomens J, Gibson JK, Yang P. Unusual Actinyl Complexes with a Redox-Active N,S-Donor Ligand. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37390399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the fundamental chemistry of soft N,S-donor ligands with actinides across the series is critical for separation science toward sustainable nuclear energy. This task is particularly challenging when the ligands are redox active. We herein report a series of actinyl complexes with a N,S-donor redox-active ligand that stabilizes different oxidation states across the actinide series. These complexes are isolated and characterized in the gas phase, along with high-level electronic structure studies. The redox-active N,S-donor ligand in the products, C5H4NS, acts as a monoanion in [UVIO2(C5H4NS-)]+ but as a neutral radical with unpaired electrons localized on the sulfur atom in [NpVO2(C5H4NS•)]+ and [PuVO2(C5H4NS•)]+, resulting in different oxidation states for uranium and transuranic elements. This is rationalized by considering the relative energy levels of actinyl(VI) 5f orbitals and S 3p lone pair orbitals of the C5H4NS- ligand and the cooperativity between An-N and An-S bonds that provides additional stability for the transuranic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Enrique R Batista
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ana F Lucena
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Leonor Maria
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Marçalo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Michael J Van Stipdonk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, United States
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Martens
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John K Gibson
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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Riedhammer J, Halter DP, Meyer K. Nonaqueous Electrochemistry of Uranium Complexes: A Guide to Structure-Reactivity Tuning. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37134149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Uranium complexes can be stabilized in a wide range of oxidation states, ranging from UII to UVI and a very recent example of a UI complex. This review provides a comprehensive summary of electrochemistry data reported on uranium complexes in nonaqueous electrolyte, to serve as a clear point of reference for newly synthesized compounds, and to evaluate how different ligand environments influence experimentally observed electrochemical redox potentials. Data for over 200 uranium compounds are reported, together with a detailed discussion of trends observed across larger series of complexes in response to ligand field variations. In analogy to the traditional Lever parameter, we utilized the data to derive a new uranium-specific set of ligand field parameters UEL(L) that more accurately represent metal-ligand bonding situations than previously existing transition metal derived parameters. Exemplarily, we demonstrate UEL(L) parameters to be useful for the prediction of structure-reactivity correlations in order to activate specific substrate targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Riedhammer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik P Halter
- Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), TUM School of Natural Sciences, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Nguyen TH, Paul EL, Lukens WW, Hayton TW. Evaluating f-Orbital Participation in the U V═E Multiple Bonds of [U(E)(NR 2) 3] (E = O, NSiMe 3, NAd; R = SiMe 3). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:6447-6457. [PMID: 37053543 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of 1 equiv of 1-azidoadamantane with [UIII(NR2)3] (R = SiMe3) in Et2O results in the formation of [UV(NR2)3(NAd)] (1, Ad = 1-adamantyl) in good yields. The electronic structure of 1, as well as those of the related U(V) complexes, [UV(NR2)3(NSiMe3)] (2) and [UV(NR2)3(O)] (3), were analyzed with EPR spectroscopy, SQUID magnetometry, NIR-visible spectroscopy, and crystal field modeling. This analysis revealed that, within this series of complexes, the steric bulk of the E2- (E═O, NR) ligand is the most important factor in determining the electronic structure. In particular, the increasing steric bulk of this ligand, on moving from O2- to [NAd]2-, results in increasing U═E distances and E-U-Namide angles. These changes have two principal effects on the resulting electronic structure: (1) the increasing U═E distances decreases the energy of the fσ orbital, which is primarily σ* with respect to the U═E bond, and (2) the increasing E-U-Namide angles increases the energy of fδ, due to increasing antibonding interactions with the amide ligands. As a result of the latter change, the electronic ground state for complexes 1 and 2 is primarily fφ in character, whereas the ground state for complex 3 is primarily fδ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien H Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Edward L Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Wayne W Lukens
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Trevor W Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Wedal JC, Ziller JW, Evans WJ. Identification of the U(V) complex (C 5Me 5) 2U VI(NSiMe 3) in the reaction of (C 5Me 5) 2U IIII(THF) with N 3SiMe 3. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12804-12807. [PMID: 35980149 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01926d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The U(V) imido complex (C5Me5)2UVI(NSiMe3), 1, was crystallographically characterized from the reaction of (C5Me5)2UIIII(THF) with N3SiMe3 which demonstrates that it can be an intermediate in the reaction which ultimately forms (C5Me5)2UVI(NSiMe3)2 and (C5Me5)2UIVI2. U(V) intermediates have been proposed in such reactions, but have not been previously observed. The direct observation of 1 provides insight into the reaction mechanisms of U(III) compounds with azide reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin C Wedal
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
| | - Joseph W Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
| | - William J Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.
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Saha S, Eisen MS. Catalytic Recycling of a Th–H Bond via Single or Double Hydroboration of Inactivated Imines or Nitriles. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Saha
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa City 32000, Israel
| | - Moris S. Eisen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa City 32000, Israel
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Settineri NS, Shiau AA, Arnold J. Two-electron oxidation of a homoleptic U(iii) guanidinate complex by diphenyldiazomethane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10913-10916. [PMID: 30206592 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06514d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of the first homoleptic U(iii) guanidinate complex with diphenyldiazomethane results in two-electron oxidation of U(iii) to U(v) and isolation of a U(v) hydrazido complex. Corresponding U(v) imido, U(v) oxo, and U(iv) azido complexes were also synthesized for structural comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Settineri
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Kiernicki JJ, Tatebe CJ, Zeller M, Bart SC. Tailoring the Electronic Structure of Uranium Mono(imido) Species through Ligand Variation. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:1870-1879. [PMID: 29419291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Kiernicki
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Caleb J. Tatebe
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Matthias Zeller
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Suzanne C. Bart
- H.C. Brown Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Mixed sandwich imido complexes of Uranium(V) and Uranium(IV): Synthesis, structure and redox behaviour. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rungthanaphatsophon P, Barnes CL, Kelley SP, Walensky JR. Four-electron reduction chemistry using a uranium(iii) phosphido complex. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:8189-8192. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01406j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The first uranium(iii) phosphido complex is reported.
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Niklas JE, Farnum BH, Gorden JD, Gorden AEV. Structural Characterization and Redox Activity of a Uranyl Dimer and Transition-Metal Complexes of a Tetradentate BIAN Ligand. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie E. Niklas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Byron H. Farnum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - John D. Gorden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Anne E. V. Gorden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, 179 Chemistry Building, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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Sherbow TJ, Fettinger JC, Berben LA. Control of Ligand pK a Values Tunes the Electrocatalytic Dihydrogen Evolution Mechanism in a Redox-Active Aluminum(III) Complex. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8651-8660. [PMID: 28402654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Redox-active ligands bring electron- and proton-transfer reactions to main-group coordination chemistry. In this Forum Article, we demonstrate how ligand pKa values can be used in the design of a reaction mechanism for a ligand-based electron- and proton-transfer pathway, where the ligand retains a negative charge and enables dihydrogen evolution. A bis(pyrazolyl)pyridine ligand, iPrPz2P, reacts with 2 equiv of AlCl3 to afford [(iPrPz2P)AlCl2(THF)][AlCl4] (1). A reaction involving two-electron reduction and single-ligand protonation of 1 affords [(iPrHPz2P-)AlCl2] (2), where each of the electron- and proton-transfer events is ligand-centered. Protonation of 2 would formally close a catalytic cycle for dihydrogen production. At -1.26 V versus SCE, in a 0.3 M Bu4NPF6/tetrahydrofuran solution with salicylic acid or (HNEt3)+ as the source of H+, 1 produced dihydrogen electrocatalytically, according to cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis experiments. The mechanism for the reaction is most likely two electron-transfer steps followed by two chemical steps based on the available reactivity information. A comparison of this work with our previously reported aluminum complexes of the phenyl-substituted bis(imino)pyridine system (PhI2P) reveals that the pKa values of the N-donor atoms in iPrPz2P are lower, which facilitates reduction before ligand protonation. In contrast, the PhI2P ligand complexes of aluminum are protonated twice before reduction liberates dihydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J Sherbow
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - James C Fettinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Louise A Berben
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
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