1
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Clarke TB, Krushinski LE, Vannoy KJ, Colón-Quintana G, Roy K, Rana A, Renault C, Hill ML, Dick JE. Single Entity Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9015-9080. [PMID: 39018111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Making a measurement over millions of nanoparticles or exposed crystal facets seldom reports on reactivity of a single nanoparticle or facet, which may depart drastically from ensemble measurements. Within the past 30 years, science has moved toward studying the reactivity of single atoms, molecules, and nanoparticles, one at a time. This shift has been fueled by the realization that everything changes at the nanoscale, especially important industrially relevant properties like those important to electrocatalysis. Studying single nanoscale entities, however, is not trivial and has required the development of new measurement tools. This review explores a tale of the clever use of old and new measurement tools to study electrocatalysis at the single entity level. We explore in detail the complex interrelationship between measurement method, electrocatalytic material, and reaction of interest (e.g., carbon dioxide reduction, oxygen reduction, hydrazine oxidation, etc.). We end with our perspective on the future of single entity electrocatalysis with a key focus on what types of measurements present the greatest opportunity for fundamental discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynn E Krushinski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Kingshuk Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ashutosh Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Christophe Renault
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
| | - Megan L Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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Li X, Fu YH, Wei N, Yu RJ, Bhatti H, Zhang L, Yan F, Xia F, Ewing AG, Long YT, Ying YL. Emerging Data Processing Methods for Single-Entity Electrochemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316551. [PMID: 38411372 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Single-entity electrochemistry is a powerful tool that enables the study of electrochemical processes at interfaces and provides insights into the intrinsic chemical and structural heterogeneities of individual entities. Signal processing is a critical aspect of single-entity electrochemical measurements and can be used for data recognition, classification, and interpretation. In this review, we summarize the recent five-year advances in signal processing techniques for single-entity electrochemistry and highlight their importance in obtaining high-quality data and extracting effective features from electrochemical signals, which are generally applicable in single-entity electrochemistry. Moreover, we shed light on electrochemical noise analysis to obtain single-molecule frequency fingerprint spectra that can provide rich information about the ion networks at the interface. By incorporating advanced data analysis tools and artificial intelligence algorithms, single-entity electrochemical measurements would revolutionize the field of single-entity analysis, leading to new fundamental discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Huan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Wei
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ru-Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Huma Bhatti
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Limin Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, 430034, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Lun Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, P. R. China
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3
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Peng H, Grob L, Weiß LJK, Hiendlmeier L, Music E, Kopic I, F Teshima T, Rinklin P, Wolfrum B. Inkjet-printed 3D micro-ring-electrode arrays for amperometric nanoparticle detection. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:4006-4013. [PMID: 36727303 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05640b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chip-based impact electrochemistry can provide means to measure nanoparticles in solution by sensing their stochastic collisions on appropriately-polarized microelectrodes. However, a planar microelectrode array design still restricts the particle detection to the chip surface and does not allow detection in 3D environments. In this work, we report a fast fabrication process for 3D microelectrode arrays by combining ink-jet printing with laser-patterning. To this end, we printed 3D pillars from polyacrylate ink as a scaffold. Then, the metal structures are manufactured via sputtering and laser-ablation. Finally, the chip is passivated with a parylene-C layer and the electrode tips are created via laser-ablation in a vertical alignment. As a proof of principle, we employ our 3D micro-ring-electrode arrays for single impact recordings from silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Peng
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany.
| | - Leroy Grob
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany.
| | - Lennart Jakob Konstantin Weiß
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany.
| | - Lukas Hiendlmeier
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany.
| | - Emir Music
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany.
| | - Inola Kopic
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany.
| | - Tetsuhiko F Teshima
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany.
- Medical & Health Informatics Laboratories NTT Research Incorporated 940 Stewart Dr, Sunnyvale, CA 94085, USA
| | - Philipp Rinklin
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Neuroelectronics, Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Piloty-Str. 1, Garching, 85748, Germany.
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4
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Khan R, Andreescu D, Hassan MH, Ye J, Andreescu S. Nanoelectrochemistry Reveals Selective Interactions of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) with Silver Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209164. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Khan
- Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University 8 Clarkson Ave. Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Daniel Andreescu
- Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University 8 Clarkson Ave. Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Mohamed H. Hassan
- Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University 8 Clarkson Ave. Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Jingyun Ye
- Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University 8 Clarkson Ave. Potsdam NY 13699 USA
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University 8 Clarkson Ave. Potsdam NY 13699 USA
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5
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Weiß LJK, Music E, Rinklin P, Banzet M, Mayer D, Wolfrum B. On-Chip Electrokinetic Micropumping for Nanoparticle Impact Electrochemistry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11600-11609. [PMID: 35900877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-entity electrochemistry is a powerful technique to study the interactions of nanoparticles at the liquid-solid interface. In this work, we exploit Faradaic (background) processes in electrolytes of moderate ionic strength to evoke electrokinetic transport and study its influence on nanoparticle impacts. We implemented an electrode array comprising a macroscopic electrode that surrounds a set of 62 spatially distributed microelectrodes. This configuration allowed us to alter the global electrokinetic transport characteristics by adjusting the potential at the macroscopic electrode, while we concomitantly recorded silver nanoparticle impacts at the microscopic detection electrodes. By focusing on temporal changes of the impact rates, we were able to reveal alterations in the macroscopic particle transport. Our findings indicate a potential-dependent micropumping effect. The highest impact rates were obtained for strongly negative macroelectrode potentials and alkaline solutions, albeit also positive potentials lead to an increase in particle impacts. We explain this finding by reversal of the pumping direction. Variations in the electrolyte composition were shown to play a critical role as the macroelectrode processes can lead to depletion of ions, which influences both the particle oxidation and the reactions that drive the transport. Our study highlights that controlled on-chip micropumping is possible, yet its optimization is not straightforward. Nevertheless, the utilization of electro- and diffusiokinetic transport phenomena might be an appealing strategy to enhance the performance in future impact-based sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart J K Weiß
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Emir Music
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Philipp Rinklin
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Marko Banzet
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering, TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, Garching 85748, Germany
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6
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Kostopoulos N, Miranda Vieira M, godeffroy L, Médard J, Combellas C, Lemineur JF, Kanoufi F, Noël JM. Tuning the electrode activity to expose transformational and electrocatalytic characteristics of individual nanoparticles by nanoimpact electrochemistry. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202200582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Louis godeffroy
- Universite de Paris UFR de Chimie Laboratoire ITODYS, CNRS, UMR7086 75013 Paris FRANCE
| | - Jérôme Médard
- Universite de Paris UFR de Chimie Laboratoire ITODYS, CNRS, UMR7086 FRANCE
| | | | - Jean-Francois Lemineur
- Universite de Paris UFR de Chimie Laboratoire ITODYS, CNRS, UMR7086 15 rue jean-Antoine de Baïf 75013 Paris FRANCE
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Universite de Paris UFR de Chimie Laboratoire ITODYS, CNRS, UMR7086 15 rue jean-Antoine de Baïf 75013 Paris FRANCE
| | - Jean-Marc Noël
- Universite de Paris UFR de Chimie Laboratoire ITODYS, CNRS, UMR7086 15 rue jean-Antoine de Baïf 75013 Paris FRANCE
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7
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Khan R, Andreescu D, Hassan MH, Ye J, Andreescu S. Nanoelectrochemistry Reveals Selective Interactions of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) with Silver Nanoparticles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Khan
- Clarkson University Chemistry and Biomolecular Science UNITED STATES
| | - Daniel Andreescu
- Clarkson University Chemistry and Biomolecular Science 8 Clarkson Ave 13699 Potsdam UNITED STATES
| | - Mohamed H. Hassan
- Clarkson University Chemistry and Biomolecular Science UNITED STATES
| | - Jingyun Ye
- Clarkson University Chemistry and Biomolecular Science UNITED STATES
| | - Silvana Andreescu
- Clarkson University Chemistry and Biomolecular Science 8 Clarskon Ave 13699 Potsdam UNITED STATES
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8
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Weiß LJK, Rinklin P, Thakur B, Music E, Url H, Kopic I, Hoven D, Banzet M, von Trotha T, Mayer D, Wolfrum B. Prototype Digital Lateral Flow Sensor Using Impact Electrochemistry in a Competitive Binding Assay. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1967-1976. [PMID: 35801574 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates a lateral flow assay concept on the basis of stochastic-impact electrochemistry. To this end, we first elucidate requirements to employ silver nanoparticles as redox-active labels. Then, we present a prototype that utilizes nanoimpacts from biotinylated silver nanoparticles as readouts to detect free biotin in solution based on competitive binding. The detection is performed in a membrane-based microfluidic system, where free biotin and biotinylated particles compete for streptavidin immobilized on embedded latex beads. Excess nanoparticles are then registered downstream at an array of detection electrodes. In this way, we establish a proof of concept that serves as a blueprint for future "digital" lateral flow sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart J K Weiß
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Philipp Rinklin
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bhawana Thakur
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Emir Music
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Heike Url
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Inola Kopic
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Darius Hoven
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marko Banzet
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Tassilo von Trotha
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Neuroelectronics - Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
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9
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Weiß LJK, Lubins G, Music E, Rinklin P, Banzet M, Peng H, Terkan K, Mayer D, Wolfrum B. Single-Impact Electrochemistry in Paper-Based Microfluidics. ACS Sens 2022; 7:884-892. [PMID: 35235291 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c02703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have experienced an unprecedented story of success. In particular, as of today, most people have likely come into contact with one of their two most famous examples─the pregnancy or the SARS-CoV-2 antigen test. However, their sensing performance is constrained by the optical readout of nanoparticle agglomeration, which typically allows only qualitative measurements. In contrast, single-impact electrochemistry offers the possibility to quantify species concentrations beyond the pM range by resolving collisions of individual species on a microelectrode. Within this work, we investigate the integration of stochastic sensing into a μPAD design by combining a wax-patterned microchannel with a microelectrode array to detect silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by their oxidative dissolution. In doing so, we demonstrate the possibility to resolve individual nanoparticle collisions in a reference-on-chip configuration. To simulate a lateral flow architecture, we flush previously dried AgNPs along a microchannel toward the electrode array, where we are able to record nanoparticle impacts. Consequently, single-impact electrochemistry poses a promising candidate to extend the limits of lateral flow-based sensors beyond current applications toward a fast and reliable detection of very dilute species on site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart J. K. Weiß
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Georg Lubins
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Emir Music
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Philipp Rinklin
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marko Banzet
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Hu Peng
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Korkut Terkan
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing, Bioelectronics (IBI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Neuroelectronics─Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
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10
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Dolinska J, Holdynski M, Ambroziak R, Modrzejewska-Sikorska A, Milczarek G, Pisarek M, Opallo M. The medium effect on electrodissolution of adsorbed or suspended Ag nanoparticles. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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11
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Exploring dynamic interactions of single nanoparticles at interfaces for surface-confined electrochemical behavior and size measurement. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2307. [PMID: 32385284 PMCID: PMC7210955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of new instruments and methodologies, the highly dynamic behaviors of nanoparticle at the liquid-solid interface have been studied. However, the dynamic nature of the electrochemical behavior of individual nanoparticles on the electrode interface is still poorly understood. Here, we generalize scaling relations to predict nanoparticle-electrode interactions by examining the adsorption energy of nanoparticles at an ultramicroelectrode interface. Based on the theoretical predictions, we investigate the interaction-modulated dynamic electrochemical behaviors for the oxidation of individual Ag nanoparticles. Typically, significantly distinct current traces are observed owing to the adsorption-mediated motion of Ag nanoparticles. Inspired by restraining the stochastic paths of particles in the vicinity of the electrode interface to produce surface-confined current traces, we successfully realize high-resolution size measurements of Ag nanoparticles in mixed-sample systems. This work offers a better understanding of dynamic interactions of nanoparticles at the electrochemical interface and displays highly valuable applications of single-entity electrochemistry. Single-entity electrochemistry has been proposed for studying properties of single nanoparticles (NPs). Here, the authors make use of adsorption-mediated motion of Ag NPs to take individual NP size measurements using electrochemical impacts with excellent agreement to standard imaging techniques.
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12
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Lemineur JF, Noël JM, Courty A, Ausserré D, Combellas C, Kanoufi F. In Situ Optical Monitoring of the Electrochemical Conversion of Dielectric Nanoparticles: From Multistep Charge Injection to Nanoparticle Motion. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7937-7946. [PMID: 32223242 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
By shortening solid-state diffusion times, the nanoscale size reduction of dielectric materials-such as ionic crystals-has fueled synthetic efforts toward their use as nanoparticles, NPs, in electrochemical storage and conversion cells. Meanwhile, there is a lack of strategies able to image the dynamics of such conversion, operando and at the single NP level. It is achieved here by optical microscopy for a model dielectric ionic nanocrystal, a silver halide NP. Rather than the classical core-shrinking mechanism often used to rationalize the complete electrochemical conversion and charge storage in NPs, an alternative mechanism is proposed here. Owing to its poor conductivity, the NP conversion proceeds to completion through the formation of multiple inclusions. The superlocalization of NP during such heterogeneous multiple-step conversion suggests the local release of ions, which propels the NP toward reacting sites enabling its full conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Lemineur
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, MONARIS, CNRS-UMR 8233, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Noël
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Alexa Courty
- Sorbonne Université, MONARIS, CNRS-UMR 8233, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Ausserré
- Université du Maine, Institut des Matériaux et Molécules du Mans, CNRS-UMR 6283, Avenue O. Messiaen, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - Catherine Combellas
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Kanoufi
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS-UMR 7086, 15 rue Jean-Antoine de Baïf, 75013 Paris, France
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13
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Guo Y, Yang M, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. Metal deposition and stripping under self-supported conditions: Experiment and simulation. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Xu W, Zou G, Hou H, Ji X. Single Particle Electrochemistry of Collision. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804908. [PMID: 30740883 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemistry method using stochastic collision of particles at microelectrode to study their performance in single-particle scale has obtained remarkable development in recent years. This convenient and swift analytical method, which can be called "nanoimpact," is focused on the electrochemical process of the single particle rather than in complex ensemble systems. Many researchers have applied this nanoimpact method to investigate various kinds of materials in many research fields, including sensing, electrochemical catalysis, and energy storage. However, the ways how they utilize the method are quite different and the key points can be classified into four sorts: sensing particles at ultralow concentration, theory optimization, kinetics of mediated catalytic reaction, and redox electrochemistry of the particles. This review gives a brief overview of the development of the nanoimpact method from the four aspects in a new perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Guoqiang Zou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Hongshuai Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiaobo Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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15
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Patrice FT, Qiu K, Ying YL, Long YT. Single Nanoparticle Electrochemistry. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2019; 12:347-370. [PMID: 31018101 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-114902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Experimental techniques to monitor and visualize the behaviors of single nanoparticles have not only revealed the significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity of those individuals, which are hidden in ensemble methods, but more importantly, they have also enabled researchers to elucidate the origin of such heterogeneity. In pursuing the intrinsic structure-function relations of single nanoparticles, the recently developed stochastic collision approach demonstrated some early promise. However, it was later realized that the appropriate sizing of a single nanoparticle by an electrochemical method could be far more challenging than initially expected owing to the dynamic motion of nanoparticles in electrolytes and complex charge-transfer characteristics at electrode surfaces. This clearly indicates a strong necessity to integrate single nanoparticle electrochemistry with high-resolution optical microscopy. Hence, this review aims to give a timely update of the latest progress for both electrochemically sensing and seeing single nanoparticles. A major focus is on collision-based measurements, where nanoparticles or single entities in solution impact on a collector electrode and the electrochemical response is recorded. These measurements are further enhanced with optical measurements in parallel. For completeness, advances in other related methods for single nanoparticle electrochemistry are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fato Tano Patrice
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ;
| | - Kaipei Qiu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ;
| | - Yi-Lun Ying
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ;
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; ;
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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16
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Single-entity electrochemistry: Diffusion-controlled transport of an analyte inside a particle. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.12.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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17
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Li X, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. Silver Nanoparticle Detection in Real-World Environments via Particle Impact Electrochemistry. ACS Sens 2019; 4:464-470. [PMID: 30648851 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) suspended in bottled mineral water and in tap water were successfully detected via the nanoimpact method without the deliberate addition of electrolyte. The recorded spike charge was used to indicate the stability of the AgNPs in their suspensions. It is found that the AgNPs largely agglomerated in potable water within the first 20 min. Addition of high concentrations of citrate (>2 mM) improved the stability of the AgNPs and enabled the detection and sizing of the AgNPs monomers in these media. Aging of the potable water suspensions was independently confirmed via UV-vis spectroscopy, validating the electrochemical method for detecting nanoparticles in real-world media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Li
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Kanokkanchana K, Saw EN, Tschulik K. Nano Impact Electrochemistry: Effects of Electronic Filtering on Peak Height, Duration and Area. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kannasoot Kanokkanchana
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry IIDepartment of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - En N. Saw
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry IIDepartment of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University Bochum Bochum Germany
| | - Kristina Tschulik
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry IIDepartment of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr University Bochum Bochum Germany
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20
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Little CA, Li X, Batchelor-McAuley C, Young NP, Compton RG. Particle-electrode impacts: Evidencing partial versus complete oxidation via variable temperature studies. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Andreescu D, Kirk KA, Narouei FH, Andreescu S. Electroanalytic Aspects of Single‐Entity Collision Methods for Bioanalytical and Environmental Applications. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University Potsdam NY 13699-5810 USA
| | - Kevin A. Kirk
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University Potsdam NY 13699-5810 USA
| | | | - Silvana Andreescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science Clarkson University Potsdam NY 13699-5810 USA
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22
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Little CA, Xie R, Batchelor-McAuley C, Kätelhön E, Li X, Young NP, Compton RG. A quantitative methodology for the study of particle-electrode impacts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13537-13546. [PMID: 29726865 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein we provide a generic framework for use in the acquisition and analysis of the electrochemical responses of individual nanoparticles, summarising aspects that must be considered to avoid mis-interpretation of data. Specifically, we threefold highlight the importance of the nanoparticle shape, the effect of the nanoparticle diffusion coefficient on the probability of it being observed and the influence of the used measurement bandwidth. Using the oxidation of silver nanoparticles as a model system, it is evidenced that when all of the above have been accounted for, the experimental data is consistent with being associated with the complete oxidation of the nanoparticles (50 nm diameter). The duration of many single nanoparticle events are found to be ca. milliseconds in duration over a range of experiments. Consequently, the insight that the use of lower frequency filtered data yields a more accurate description of the charge passed during a nano-event is likely widely applicable to this class of experiment; thus we report a generic methodology. Conversely, information regarding the dynamics of the nano redox event is obscured when using such lower frequency measurements; hence, both data sets are complementary and are required to provide full insight into the behaviour of the reactions at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Little
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Ruochen Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Enno Kätelhön
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Xiuting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Neil P Young
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Richard G Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
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Figueiredo PG, Grob L, Rinklin P, Krause KJ, Wolfrum B. On-Chip Stochastic Detection of Silver Nanoparticles without a Reference Electrode. ACS Sens 2018; 3:93-98. [PMID: 29276833 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report the electrochemical detection of 20 nm silver nanoparticles at a chip-based microelectrode array (MEA) without the need for a conventional reference electrode. This is possible due to the system's open-circuit potential allowing the oxidation of silver nanoparticles in the presence of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The hypothesis is confirmed by modulating the open-circuit potential via addition of ascorbic acid in solution, effectively inhibiting the detection of silver nanoparticle events. Employing the reference-free detection concept, we observe a linear relationship between the nanoparticle impact frequency at the microelectrodes and the nanoparticle concentration. This allows for viable quantification of silver nanoparticle concentrations in situ. The presented concept is ideal for the development of simple lab-on-a-chip or point-of-use systems enabling fast and low-cost screening of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro G. Figueiredo
- Neuroelectronics
- Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, D-85749, Garching, Germany
| | - Leroy Grob
- Neuroelectronics
- Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, D-85749, Garching, Germany
| | - Philipp Rinklin
- Neuroelectronics
- Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, D-85749, Garching, Germany
| | - Kay J. Krause
- Niederrhein University of Applied Science, Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, Rheydter Str. 277, 41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Neuroelectronics
- Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, D-85749, Garching, Germany
- Institute
of Complex Systems ICS-8, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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Ngamchuea K, Clark ROD, Sokolov SV, Young NP, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. Single Oxidative Collision Events of Silver Nanoparticles: Understanding the Rate-Determining Chemistry. Chemistry 2017; 23:16085-16096. [PMID: 28922508 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative dissolution of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, ∼50 nm diameter) is investigated herein by two electrochemical techniques: nano-impacts and anodic stripping voltammetry. Nano-impacts or single nanoparticle-electrode collisions allow the detection of individual nanoparticles. The technique offers an advantage over surface-immobilized methods such as anodic stripping voltammetry as it eliminates the effects of particle agglomeration/aggregation. The electrochemical studies are performed in different electrolytes (KNO3 , KCl, KBr and KI) at varied concentrations (≤20 mm). In nano-impact measurements, the AgNP undergoes complete oxidation upon impact at a suitably potentiostated electrode. The frequency of the nanoparticle-electrode collisions observed as current-transient spikes depends on the electrolyte identity, its concentration and the potential applied at the working electrode. The frequencies of the spikes are significantly higher in the presence of halide ions and increase with increasing potentials. From the frequency, the rate of AgNP oxidation as compared with the timescale the AgNP is in electrical contact with the electrode can be inferred, and hence is indicative of the relative kinetics of the oxidation process. Primarily based on these results, we propose the initial formation of the silver (I) nucleus (Ag+ , AgCl, AgBr or AgI) as the rate-determining process of silver oxidation on the nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonwad Ngamchuea
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Richard O D Clark
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Stanislav V Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Neil P Young
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Richard G Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
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25
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Ngamchuea K, Batchelor-McAuley C, Sokolov SV, Compton RG. Dynamics of Silver Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution in the Presence of Metal Ions. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10208-10215. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kamonwad Ngamchuea
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stanislav V. Sokolov
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Mun SK, Lee S, Kim DY, Kwon SJ. Various Current Responses of Single Silver Nanoparticle Collisions on a Gold Ultramicroelectrode Depending on the Collision Conditions. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2434-2440. [PMID: 28662286 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Collisions of silver nanoparticles (NPs) with a more electrocatalytic gold or platinum ultramicroelectrode (UME) surface have been observed by using an electrochemical method. Depending on the applied potential to the UME, the current response to the collision of Ag NPs on the UME resulted in various shape changes. A staircase decrease, a blip decrease, and a blip increase of the hydrazine oxidation current were obtained at an applied potential of 0.33, 0.80, and 1.3 V, respectively. Different collision behaviors of Ag NPs on the UME surface were suggested for each shape of current response. Ag NP attachment, which hindered the diffusion flux to the UME, caused a staircase decrease of the electrocatalytic current. Instantaneous blocking of the hydrazine oxidation by Ag NP collision and, following recovery of the current by means of oxidation of Ag NP, caused a blip decrease of the electrocatalytic current. The formation of a higher oxidation state of Ag on the Ag NP and its electrocatalytic hydrazine oxidation resulted in a blip increase of the electrocatalytic current. The analysis of the current response of a single NP collision experiment can be a useful tool to understand the various behaviors of NPs on the electrode surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Kyu Mun
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
| | - Seong Jung Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
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