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Kuster L, Bélanger-Bouliga M, Shaw TE, Jurca T, Nazemi A, Frenette M. Insight into the nature of carbon-metal bonding for N-heterocyclic carbenes in gold/silver complexes and nanoparticles using DFT-correlated Raman spectroscopy: strong evidence for π-backbonding. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:11052-11068. [PMID: 38619424 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as promising ligands for stabilizing metallic complexes, nanoclusters, nanoparticles (NPs) and surfaces. The carbon-metal bond between NHCs and metal atoms plays a crucial role in determining the resulting material's stability, reactivity, function, and electronic properties. Using Raman spectroscopy coupled with density functional theory calculations, we investigate the nature of carbon-metal bonding in NHC-silver and NHC-gold complexes as well as their corresponding NPs. While low wavenumbers are inaccessible to standard infrared spectroscopy, Raman detection reveals previously unreported NHC-Au/Ag bond-stretching vibrations between 154-196 cm-1. The computationally efficient r2SCAN-3c method allows an excellent correlation between experimental and predicted Raman spectra which helps calibrate an accurate description of NHC-metal bonding. While π-backbonding should stabilize the NHC-metal bond, conflicting reports for the presence and absence of π-backbonding are seen in the literature. This debate led us to further investigate experimental and theoretical results to ultimately confirm and quantify the presence of π-backbonding in these systems. Experimentally, an observed decrease in the NHC's CN stretching due to the population of the π* orbital is a good indication for the presence of π-backbonding. Using energy decomposition analysis - natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV), our calculations concur and quantify π-backbonding in these NHC-bound complexes and NPs. Surprisingly, we observe that NPs are less stabilized by π-backbonding compared to their respective complexes-a result that partially explains the weaker NHC-NP bond. The protocol described herein will help optimize metal-carbon bonding in NHC-stabilized metal complexes, nanoparticles and surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Kuster
- Department of Chemistry, NanoQAM and Centre Québécois de Matériaux Fonctionnels (CQMF), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Marilyne Bélanger-Bouliga
- Department of Chemistry, NanoQAM and Centre Québécois de Matériaux Fonctionnels (CQMF), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Thomas E Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Titel Jurca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Ali Nazemi
- Department of Chemistry, NanoQAM and Centre Québécois de Matériaux Fonctionnels (CQMF), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Mathieu Frenette
- Department of Chemistry, NanoQAM and Centre Québécois de Matériaux Fonctionnels (CQMF), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
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2
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Rossi E, Sorbelli D, Belanzoni P, Belpassi L, Ciancaleoni G. Monomeric gold hydrides for carbon dioxide reduction: ligand effect on the reactivity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303512. [PMID: 38189856 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
We analyzed the ligand electronic effect in the reaction between a [LAu(I)H]0/- hydride species and CO2, leading to a coordinated formate [LAu(HCOO)]0/-. We explored 20 different ligands, such as carbenes, phosphines and others, carefully selected to cover a wide range of electron-donor and -acceptor properties. We included in the study the only ligand, an NHC-coordinated diphosphene, that, thus far, experimentally demonstrated facile and reversible reaction between the monomeric gold(I) hydride and carbon dioxide. We elucidated the previously unknown reaction mechanism, which resulted to be concerted and common to all the ligands: the gold-hydrogen bond attacks the carbon atom of CO2 with one oxygen atom coordinating to the gold center. A correlation between the ligand σ donor ability, which affects the electron density at the reactive site, and the kinetic activation barriers of the reaction has been found. This systematic study offers useful guidelines for the rational design of new ligands for this reaction, while suggesting a few promising and experimentally accessible potential candidates for the stoichiometric or catalytic CO2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rossi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, I-56124, Italy
| | - Diego Sorbelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, I-06123, Italy
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60637, US
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, I-06123, Italy
- CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, I-06123, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, I-06123, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, I-56124, Italy
- CIRCC, Bari, Italy
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3
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Zhang T, Khomane SB, Singh I, Crudden CM, McBreen PH. N-heterocyclic carbene adsorption states on Pt(111) and Ru(0001). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4083-4090. [PMID: 38226886 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03539e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHCs) are increasingly used to tune the properties of metal surfaces. The generally greater chemical and thermal robustness of NHCs on gold, as compared to thiolate surface ligands, underscores their potential for a range of applications. While much is now known about the adsorption geometry, overlayer structure, dynamics, and stability of NHCs on coinage elements, especially gold and copper, much less is known about their interaction with the surfaces of Pt-group metals, despite the importance of such metals in catalysis and electrochemistry. In this study, reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) is used to probe the structure of benzimidazolylidene NHC ligands on Pt(111) and Ru(0001). The experiments exploit the intense absorption peaks of a CF3 substituent on the phenyl ring of the NHC backbone to provide unprecedented insight into adsorption geometry and chemical stability. The results also permit comparison with literature data for NHC ligands on Au(111) and to DFT predictions for NHCs on Pt(111) and Ru(0001), thereby greatly extending the known surface chemistry of NHCs and providing much needed molecular information for the design of metal-organic hybrid materials involving strongly reactive metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Zhang
- Département de chimie et CCVC, Université Laval, Québec (Que), Canada, G1K OA6.
| | - Sonali B Khomane
- Département de chimie et CCVC, Université Laval, Québec (Que), Canada, G1K OA6.
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6.
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 3N6.
| | - Peter H McBreen
- Département de chimie et CCVC, Université Laval, Québec (Que), Canada, G1K OA6.
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4
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Liu W, Sun J, Xie Y, Chen L, Xu J. The effective regulation of heterogeneous N-heterocyclic carbenes: structures, electronic properties and transition metal adsorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:28382-28392. [PMID: 37842982 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02777e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous N-heterocyclic carbene materials have attracted increasing interest in the fields of materials science and catalysis due to their unique properties and potential applications. However, current heterogeneous systems primarily focus on a single class of carbene. In this work, we simultaneously introduce two classes of typical five-membered carbenes into a graphene lattice, forming a series of novel two-dimensional heterogeneous N-heterocyclic carbene nanomaterials (2D-NCMs) composed of multiple carbenes. First-principles calculations demonstrate the thermodynamic stability of the designed 2D-NCMs, as well as their diverse electronic properties ranging from metallic to semiconducting. The incorporation of carbenes in the 2D-NCMs enables them to adsorb both acidic BCl3 and basic CO molecules, thus exhibiting unique amphoteric properties. Furthermore, the 2D-NCMs exhibit remarkable adsorption capacities for ten transition metals, highlighting their promising potential for future catalytic applications. By adjusting the proportions of the two classes of carbenes, we can effectively regulate the electronic properties and adsorption capacities of small molecules and transition metals in the 2D-NCMs. This study presents a novel strategy for designing and regulating the properties of heterogeneous N-heterocyclic carbenes, offering significant implications in the fields of catalysis and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Jingchao Sun
- College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Yunhao Xie
- College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, P. R. China
- College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, 311300, P. R. China.
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5
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Amouri H. Luminescent Complexes of Platinum, Iridium, and Coinage Metals Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Design, Structural Diversity, and Photophysical Properties. Chem Rev 2023; 123:230-270. [PMID: 36315851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The employment of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) to design luminescent metal compounds has been the focus of recent intense investigations because of the strong σ-donor properties, which bring stability to the whole system and tend to push the d-d dark states so high in energy that they are rendered thermally inaccessible, thereby generating highly emissive complexes for useful applications such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), or featuring chiroptical properties, a field that is still in its infancy. Among the NHC complexes, those containing organic chromophores such as naphthalimide, pyrene, and carbazole exhibit rich emission behavior and thus have attracted extensive interest in the past five years, especially carbene coinage metal complexes with carbazolate ligands. In this review, the design strategies of NHC-based luminescent platinum and iridium complexes with large spin-orbit-coupling (SOC) are described first. Subsequent paragraphs illustrate the recent advances of luminescent coinage metal complexes with nucleophilic- and electrophilic-based carbenes based on silver, gold, and copper metal complexes that have the ability to display rich excited state emissions in particular via thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). The luminescence mechanism and excited state dynamics are also described. We then summarize the advance of NHC-metal complexes in the aforementioned fields in recent years. Finally, we propose the development trend of this fast-growing field of luminescent NHC-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Amouri
- CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), Sorbonne Université-Faculté des Sciences et Ingénerie Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France
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6
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Blyth MT, Coote ML. Manipulation of N-heterocyclic carbene reactivity with practical oriented electric fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:375-383. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04507a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Electric fields can be used to tune the nucleophilicity and electrophilicity of N-heterocyclic carbenes and enhance their catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell T. Blyth
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
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7
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Khan BS, Flores-Romero V, LeBlanc J, Lavoie GG. Lactide Polymerization Using Zinc Dichloride Complexes Containing a Neutral Bidentate Ligand with a Diacylated Cyclic Guanidine. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S. Khan
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Víctor Flores-Romero
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jesse LeBlanc
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Gino G. Lavoie
- Department of Chemistry, York University, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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8
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Occhipinti G, Nascimento DL, Foscato M, Fogg DE, Jensen VR. The Janus face of high trans-effect carbenes in olefin metathesis: gateway to both productivity and decomposition. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5107-5117. [PMID: 35655574 PMCID: PMC9093171 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00855f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium–cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) catalysts, used at ppm levels, can enable dramatically higher productivities in olefin metathesis than their N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) predecessors. A key reason is the reduced susceptibility of the metallacyclobutane (MCB) intermediate to decomposition via β-H elimination. The factors responsible for promoting or inhibiting β-H elimination are explored via density functional theory (DFT) calculations, in metathesis of ethylene or styrene (a representative 1-olefin) by Ru–CAAC and Ru–NHC catalysts. Natural bond orbital analysis of the frontier orbitals confirms the greater strength of the orbital interactions for the CAAC species, and the consequent increase in the carbene trans influence and trans effect. The higher trans effect of the CAAC ligands inhibits β-H elimination by destabilizing the transition state (TS) for decomposition, in which an agostic MCB Cβ–H bond is positioned trans to the carbene. Unproductive cycling with ethylene is also curbed, because ethylene is trans to the carbene ligand in the square pyramidal TS for ethylene metathesis. In contrast, metathesis of styrene proceeds via a ‘late’ TS with approximately trigonal bipyramidal geometry, in which carbene trans effects are reduced. Importantly, however, the positive impact of a strong trans-effect ligand in limiting β-H elimination is offset by its potent accelerating effect on bimolecular coupling, a major competing means of catalyst decomposition. These two decomposition pathways, known for decades to limit productivity in olefin metathesis, are revealed as distinct, antinomic, responses to a single underlying phenomenon. Reconciling these opposing effects emerges as a clear priority for design of robust, high-performing catalysts. In ruthenium catalysts for olefin metathesis, carbene ligands of high trans influence/effect suppress decomposition via β-H elimination, but increase susceptibility to bimolecular decomposition.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Occhipinti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Daniel L Nascimento
- Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Marco Foscato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway
| | - Deryn E Fogg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway .,Center for Catalysis Research & Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa Ottawa Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Vidar R Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen Allégaten 41 N-5007 Bergen Norway
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9
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Sorbelli D, Belpassi L, Belanzoni P. Unraveling differences in aluminyl and carbene coordination chemistry: bonding in gold complexes and reactivity with carbon dioxide. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4623-4634. [PMID: 35656139 PMCID: PMC9020189 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00630h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic properties of aluminyl anions have been reported to be strictly related to those of carbenes, which are well-known to be easily tunable via selected structural modifications imposed on their backbone. Since peculiar reactivity of gold-aluminyl complexes towards carbon dioxide has been reported, leading to insertion of CO2 into the Au-Al bond, in this work the electronic structure and reactivity of Au-Al complexes with different aluminyl scaffolds have been systematically studied and compared to carbene analogues. The analyses reveal that, instead, aluminyls and carbenes display a very different behavior when bound to gold, with the aluminyls forming an electron-sharing and weakly polarized Au-Al bond, which turns out to be poorly modulated by structural modifications of the ligand. The reactivity of gold-aluminyl complexes towards CO2 shows, both qualitatively and quantitatively, similar reaction mechanisms, reflecting the scarce tunability of their electronic structure and bond nature. This work provides further insights and perspectives on the properties of the aluminyl anions and their behavior as coordination ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sorbelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia Via Elce di Sotto, 8 - 06123 Perugia Italy
- CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC) Via Elce di Sotto, 8 - 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC) Via Elce di Sotto, 8 - 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia Via Elce di Sotto, 8 - 06123 Perugia Italy
- CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC) Via Elce di Sotto, 8 - 06123 Perugia Italy
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10
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Martínez JP, Trzaskowski B. Structural and Electronic Properties of Boranes Containing Boron‐Chalcogen Multiple Bonds and Stabilized by Amido Imidazoline‐2‐imine Ligands. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103997. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Dierks P, Vukadinovic Y, Bauer M. Photoactive iron complexes: more sustainable, but still a challenge. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With the “Criticality Score” used as a benchmark for sustainability – potentials, strategies and challenges are discussed to replace noble metal compounds in photosensitizers by the sustainable alternative iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Dierks
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Yannik Vukadinovic
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Faculty of Science, Chemistry Department and Center for Sustainable Systems Design, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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12
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Li W, Huang M, Liu J, Huang YL, Lan XB, Ye Z, Zhao C, Liu Y, Ke Z. Enhanced Hydride Donation Achieved Molybdenum Catalyzed Direct N-Alkylation of Anilines or Nitroarenes with Alcohols: From Computational Design to Experiment. ACS Catal 2021; 11:10377-10382. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ming Huang
- Department School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Liang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zongren Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Cunyuan Zhao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhuofeng Ke
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry, PCFM Lab, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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13
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Collado A, Nelson DJ, Nolan SP. Optimizing Catalyst and Reaction Conditions in Gold(I) Catalysis-Ligand Development. Chem Rev 2021; 121:8559-8612. [PMID: 34259505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review considers phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of gold(I) that are used as (pre)catalysts for a range of reactions in organic synthesis. These are divided according to the structure of the ligand, with the narrative focusing on studies that offer a quantitative comparison between the ligands and readily available or widely used existing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Collado
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente, 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David J Nelson
- WestCHEM Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, Scotland
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 - S3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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14
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Sorbelli D, Belanzoni P, Belpassi L. Tuning the Gold(I)‐Carbon σ Bond in Gold‐Alkynyl Complexes through Structural Modifications of the NHC Ancillary Ligand: Effect on Spectroscopic Observables and Reactivity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sorbelli
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology University of Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 I-06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology University of Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 I-06123 Perugia Italy
- CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (CNR-SCITEC) c/o Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology University of Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 I-06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies “Giulio Natta” (CNR-SCITEC) c/o Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology University of Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 I-06123 Perugia Italy
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15
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Seah JWK, Li Y, Pullarkat SA, Leung PH. Access to a Chiral Phosphine–NHC Palladium(II) Complex via the Asymmetric Hydrophosphination of Achiral Vinyl Azoles. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Wee Kiong Seah
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Yongxin Li
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Sumod A. Pullarkat
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Pak-Hing Leung
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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16
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Quinlivan PJ, Loo A, Shlian DG, Martinez J, Parkin G. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Nickel, Palladium, and Iridium Derived from Nitron: Synthesis, Structures, and Catalytic Properties. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J. Quinlivan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Aaron Loo
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Daniel G. Shlian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Joan Martinez
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gerard Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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17
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Azofra LM, Vummaleti SVC, Zhang Z, Poater A, Cavallo L. σ/π Plasticity of NHCs on the Ruthenium–Phosphine and Ruthenium═Ylidene Bonds in Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Azofra
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Sai V. C. Vummaleti
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyun Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi, Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Ma Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Melancon KM, Cundari TR. Computational investigations of NHC-backbone configurations for applications in organocatalytic umpolung reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7437-7447. [PMID: 32940280 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01267j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and multiconfigurational self-consistent field theory (MCSCF) methods are employed to investigate variation of the electronic properties of various N-heterocyclic carbenes. Alterations to the backbone by increased or decreased conjugation, heteroatom substitution in the NHC ring, and electron-donating or -withdrawing backbone substituents are modeled. The MCSCF calculations show extensive delocalization of both the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals for NHCs with polymerizable backbone substituents. The free energies of the intermediates and transition structures for benzoin condensation are also shown to be sensitive to substitution of the NHC backbone. Taken together, these results imply great sensitivity of the reactivity of poly(NHC) catalysts to backbone modification at this moiety. Implications with respect to enhancement of poly(NHC)s employed in umpolung catalysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kortney M Melancon
- University of North Texas, Department of Chemistry, Denton, Texas 76201, USA.
| | - Thomas R Cundari
- University of North Texas, Department of Chemistry, Denton, Texas 76201, USA.
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19
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Jun H, Choi S, Lee JB, Nam YS. Plasmonic Heterostructure Functionalized with a Carbene-Linked Molecular Catalyst for Sustainable and Selective Carbon Dioxide Reduction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:33817-33826. [PMID: 32638585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization of homogeneous catalytic sites with a photoelectrode is an attractive approach to highly selective and tunable photocatalysis using heterogeneous platforms. However, weak and unclear surface chemistry often leads to the dissociation and irregular orientation of catalytic centers, restricting long-term usability with high selectivity. Well-defined and robust ligands that can persist under harsh photocatalytic conditions are essential for the success of hybrid-type photocatalysis. Here, we introduce N-heterocyclic carbene as a durable linker for the immobilization of a Rubpy complex-based CO2 reduction site (cis-dichloro-(4,4'-diphosphonato-Rubpy)(p-cymene) (RuCY)) on a p-type gallium nitride/gold nanoparticle (p-GaN/AuNP) heterostructure. The p-GaN/AuNPs/RuCY photocathode was coupled with a hematite photoanode to drive photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction along with water oxidation. Highly selective CO2 reduction into formates, up to 98.2%, was achieved utilizing plasmonic hot electrons accumulated on AuNPs. The turnover frequency was 1.46 min-1 with a faradic efficiency of 96.8% under visible light illumination (243 mW·cm-2). This work demonstrates that the N-heterocyclic carbene-mediated surface functionalization with homogeneous catalytic sites is a promising approach to increase the sustainability and usability of hybrid catalysts.
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20
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Vukadinovic Y, Burkhardt L, Päpcke A, Miletic A, Fritsch L, Altenburger B, Schoch R, Neuba A, Lochbrunner S, Bauer M. When Donors Turn into Acceptors: Ground and Excited State Properties of FeII Complexes with Amine-Substituted Tridentate Bis-imidazole-2-ylidene Pyridine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:8762-8774. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Vukadinovic
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Lukas Burkhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ayla Päpcke
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anabel Miletic
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Lorena Fritsch
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Björn Altenburger
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Roland Schoch
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Adam Neuba
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Bauer
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Systems Design (CSSD), Paderborn University, Warburger Straße 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
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21
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Izquierdo MA, Tarantelli F, Broer R, Bistoni G, Belpassi L, Havenith RWA. Orbital Decomposition of the Carbon Chemical Shielding Tensor in Gold(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020; 2020:1177-1183. [PMID: 32362781 PMCID: PMC7188322 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The good performance of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), in terms of versatility and selectivity, has called the attention of experimentalists and theoreticians attempting to understand their electronic properties. Analyses of the Au(I)-C bond in [(NHC)AuL]+/0 (L stands for a neutral or negatively charged ligand), through the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson model and the charge displacement function, have revealed that NHC is not purely a σ-donor but may have a significant π-acceptor character. It turns out, however, that only the σ-donation bonding component strongly correlates with one specific component of the chemical shielding tensor. Here, in extension to earlier works, a current density analysis, based on the continuous transformation of the current density diamagnetic zero approach, along a series of [(NHC)AuL]+/0 complexes is presented. The shielding tensor is decomposed into orbital contributions using symmetry considerations together with a spectral analysis in terms of occupied to virtual orbital transitions. Analysis of the orbital transitions shows that the induced current density is largely influenced by rotational transitions. The orbital decomposition of the shielding tensor leads to a deeper understanding of the ligand effect on the magnetic response properties and the electronic structure of (NHC)-Au fragments. Such an orbital decomposition scheme may be extended to other magnetic properties and/or substrate-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A. Izquierdo
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Institute of Molecular ScienceUniversity of ValenciaP.O. Box 2208546071ValenciaSpain
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e BiotecnologieUniversità di PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto 806123PerugiaItaly
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche del CNR “G. Natta” (SCITEC‐CNR)Via Elce di Sotto 806123PerugiaItaly
| | - Ria Broer
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser‐Wilhelm‐Platz 145470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche del CNR “G. Natta” (SCITEC‐CNR)Via Elce di Sotto 806123PerugiaItaly
| | - Remco W. A. Havenith
- Zernike Institute for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
- Ghent Quantum Chemistry GroupDepartment of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryGhent UniversityKrijgslaan 281 (S3), B‐9000GentBelgium
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22
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Jazzar R, Soleilhavoup M, Bertrand G. Cyclic (Alkyl)- and (Aryl)-(amino)carbene Coinage Metal Complexes and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:4141-4168. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Jazzar
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Michele Soleilhavoup
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Guy Bertrand
- UCSD-CNRS Joint Research Laboratory (UMI 3555), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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23
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Abstract
The use of iron in photoactive metal complexes has been investigated for decades. In this respect, the charge transfer (CT) states are of particular interest, since they are usually responsible for the photofunctionality of such compounds. However, only recently breakthroughs have been made in extending CT excited state lifetimes that are notoriously short-lived in classical polypyridine iron coordination compounds. This success is in large parts owed to the use of strongly σ-donating N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands that help manipulating the photophysical and photochemical properties of iron complexes. In this review we aim to map out the basic design principles for the generation of photofunctional iron NHC complexes, summarize the progress made so far and recapitulate on the synthetic methods used. Further, we want to highlight the challenges still existing and give inspiration for future generations of photoactive iron complexes.
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24
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Ciancaleoni G, Nunzi F, Belpassi L. Charge Displacement Analysis-A Tool to Theoretically Characterize the Charge Transfer Contribution of Halogen Bonds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020300. [PMID: 31940866 PMCID: PMC7024339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Theoretical bonding analysis is of prime importance for the deep understanding of the various chemical interactions, covalent or not. Among the various methods that have been developed in the last decades, the analysis of the Charge Displacement function (CD) demonstrated to be useful to reveal the charge transfer effects in many contexts, from weak hydrogen bonds, to the characterization of σ hole interactions, as halogen, chalcogen and pnictogen bonding or even in the decomposition of the metal-ligand bond. Quite often, the CD analysis has also been coupled with experimental techniques, in order to give a complete description of the system under study. In this review, we focus on the use of CD analysis on halogen bonded systems, describing the most relevant literature examples about gas phase and condensed phase systems. Chemical insights will be drawn about the nature of halogen bond, its cooperativity and its influence on metal-ligand bond components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-221-9351
| | - Francesca Nunzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy;
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” del CNR (SCITEC-CNR), via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” del CNR (SCITEC-CNR), via Elce di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy;
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25
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26
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Romeo LJ, Kaur A, Wilson DJD, Martin CD, Dutton JL. Evaluation of the σ-Donating and π-Accepting Properties of N-Heterocyclic Boryl Anions. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16500-16509. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo J. Romeo
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Aishvaryadeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - David J. D. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Caleb D. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Jason L. Dutton
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria 3086, Australia
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27
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Buttarazzi E, Rosi F, Ciancaleoni G. Influence of halogen bonding on gold(i)-ligand bond components and DFT characterization of a gold-iodine halogen bond. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:20478-20485. [PMID: 31463502 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03811f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A gold(i) complex bearing nitrogen acyclic carbene (NAC) and selenourea (SeU) has been used to verify whether the second-sphere SeI halogen bond (XB) is able to modify the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson components of the Au-C and Au-Se bonds. The chosen system was found to be thermically unstable but it allowed an in-depth theoretical study by means of Energy Decomposition Analysis, Natural Bond Orbital and Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence methods, coupled with Charge Displacement analysis. Indeed, in the presence of iodoperfluoroalkanes as XB donors, iodine interacts with the lone pair of the coordinated selenium, enhancing the Au ← C σ donation and depressing the Au → C π back-donation, as demonstrated also by the increase of the rotational barrier of the C-N bond of the NAC (see G. Ciancaleoni and others, Chem. - Eur. J., 2015, 21, 2467). On the other hand, in the presence of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS), the gold directly establishes a XB with the iodine by using its d lone pairs. This AuI XB is favored by the low steric hindrance of the ligands coordinated to the gold and the presence of the amino protons of SeU, which establish additional hydrogen bonds with the NIS. Also in this case, the effect is to increase the σ acidity and decrease the π basicity of the metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Buttarazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy.
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28
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De Santis M, Rampino S, Storchi L, Belpassi L, Tarantelli F. The Chemical Bond and s–d Hybridization in Coinage Metal(I) Cyanides. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:11716-11729. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo De Santis
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sergio Rampino
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Loriano Storchi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi “G. D’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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29
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Sorbelli D, Nunes dos Santos Comprido L, Knizia G, Hashmi ASK, Belpassi L, Belanzoni P, Klein JEMN. Cationic Gold(I) Diarylallenylidene Complexes: Bonding Features and Ligand Effects. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:1671-1679. [PMID: 31039277 PMCID: PMC6617728 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Using computational approaches, we qualitatively and quantitatively assess the bonding components of a series of experimentally characterized Au(I) diarylallenylidene complexes (N.Kim, R.A.Widenhoefer, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 4722-4726). Our results clearly demonstrate that Au(I) engages only weakly in π-backbonding, which is, however, a tunable bonding component. Computationally identified trends in bonding are clearly correlated with the substitution patterns of the aryl substituents in the Au(I) diarylallenylidene complexes and good agreement is found with the previously reported experimental data, such as IR spectra, 13 C NMR chemical shifts and rates of decomposition together with their corresponding barrier heights, further substantiating the computational findings. The description of the bonding patterns in these complexes allow predictions of their spectroscopic features, their reactivity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Sorbelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e BiotecnologieUniversità degli Studi di PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto 806123PerugiaItaly
| | - Laura Nunes dos Santos Comprido
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningen, TheNetherlands
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Gerald Knizia
- Department of ChemistryPennsylvania State University401A Chemistry Bldg; University ParkPA 16802USA
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e BiotecnologieUniversità degli Studi di Perugiavia Elce di Sotto 8Perugia06123Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e BiotecnologieUniversità degli Studi di PerugiaVia Elce di Sotto 806123PerugiaItaly
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e BiotecnologieUniversità degli Studi di Perugiavia Elce di Sotto 8Perugia06123Italy
| | - Johannes E. M. N. Klein
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry Faculty of Science and EngineeringUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 49747 AGGroningen, TheNetherlands
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30
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Karabıyık H, Yiğit B, Yiğit M, Özdemir İ, Karabıyık H. Enhanced π-back-donation resulting in the trans labilization of a pyridine ligand in an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) PdII precatalyst: a case study. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION C-STRUCTURAL CHEMISTRY 2019; 75:941-950. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053229619007745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structure of the benzimidazol-2-ylidene–PdCl2–pyridine-type PEPPSI (pyridine-enhanced precatalyst, preparation, stabilization and initiation) complex {1,3-bis[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]benzimidazol-2-ylidene-κC
2}dichlorido(pyridine-κN)palladium(II), [PdCl2(C5H5N)(C23H40N4)], has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and natural bond orbital (NBO) and charge decomposition analysis (CDA). Cambridge Structural Database (CSD) searches were used to understand the structural characteristics of the PEPPSI complexes in comparison with the usual N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. The presence of weak C—H...Cl-type hydrogen-bond and π–π stacking interactions between benzene rings were verified using NCI plots and Hirshfeld surface analysis. The preferred method in the CDA of PEPPSI complexes is to separate their geometries into only two fragments, i.e. the bulky NHC ligand and the remaining fragment. In this study, the geometry of the PEPPSI complex is separated into five fragments, namely benzimidazol-2-ylidene (Bimy), two chlorides, pyridine (Py) and the PdII ion. Thus, the individual roles of the Pd atom and the Py ligand in the donation and back-donation mechanisms have been clearly revealed. The NHC ligand in the PEPPSI complex in this study acts as a strong σ-donor with a considerable amount of π-back-donation from Pd to Ccarbene. The electron-poor character of PdII is supported by π-back-donation from the Pd centre and the weakness of the Pd—N(Py) bond. According to CSD searches, Bimy ligands in PEPPSI complexes have a stronger σ-donating ability than imidazol-2-ylidene ligands in PEPPSI complexes.
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31
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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32
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Krüger J, Wölper C, John L, Song L, Schreiner PR, Schulz S. Syntheses, Structures, and Bonding Analyses of Carbene‐Stabilized Stibinidenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Krüger
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstr. 5–7, S07 S03 C30, D ‐45117 Essen Germany
| | - Christoph Wölper
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstr. 5–7, S07 S03 C30, D ‐45117 Essen Germany
| | - Lukas John
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstr. 5–7, S07 S03 C30, D ‐45117 Essen Germany
| | - Lijuan Song
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 17, D ‐35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Peter R. Schreiner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Justus Liebig University Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 17, D ‐35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Faculty of Chemistry University of Duisburg‐Essen Universitätsstr. 5–7, S07 S03 C30, D ‐45117 Essen Germany
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33
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Gregori L, Sorbelli D, Belpassi L, Tarantelli F, Belanzoni P. Alkyne Activation with Gold(III) Complexes: A Quantitative Assessment of the Ligand Effect by Charge-Displacement Analysis. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3115-3129. [PMID: 30775914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A quantitative assessment of the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson components of the Au(III)-alkyne bond in a series of cationic and dicationic bis- and monocyclometalated gold(III) complexes with 2-butyne via charge-displacement (CD) analysis is reported. Bonding between Au(III) and 2-butyne invariably shows a dominant σ donation component, a smaller, but significant, π back-donation, and a remarkable polarization of the alkyne CC triple bond toward the metal fragment. A very large net electron charge transfer from CC triple bond to the metal fragment results, which turns out to be unexpectedly insensitive to the charge of the complex and more strictly related to the nature of the ancillary ligand. The combination of σ donation, π back-donation, and polarization effects is in fact modulated by the different ligand frameworks, with ligands bearing atoms different from carbon in trans position with respect to the alkyne emerging as especially interesting for both imparting Au(III)-alkyne bond stability and inducing a more effective alkyne activation. A first attempt to figure out a rationale on the bonding/reactivity relationship for Au(III)-alkyne is made by performing a comparative study in a model nucleophilic attack of water to the alkyne triple bond. Smaller π back-donation facilitates alkyne slippage in the transition states, which is energetically less demanding for Au(III) than for Au(I), and suggests a greater propensity of Au(III) to facilitate the nucleophilic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gregori
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie , Università degli Studi di Perugia , via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Diego Sorbelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie , Università degli Studi di Perugia , via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) , c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy.,Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2 , via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie , Università degli Studi di Perugia , via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) , c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy.,Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2 , via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie , Università degli Studi di Perugia , via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy.,Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) , c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy.,Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2 , via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy
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34
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Marrazzini G, Gabbiani C, Ciancaleoni G. Interplay between Gold(I)-Ligand Bond Components and Hydrogen Bonding: A Combined Experimental/Computational Study. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:1344-1353. [PMID: 31459403 PMCID: PMC6647975 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The influence of weak interactions on the donation/back-donation bond components in the complex [(NHC)Au(SeU)]+ (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene; SeU = selenourea) has been studied by coupling experimental and theoretical techniques. In particular, NMR 1H and pulsed-field gradient spin-echo titrations allowed us to characterize the hydrogen bond (HB) between the -NH2 moieties of SeU and the anions PF6 - and ClO4 -, whereas 77Se NMR spectroscopy allowed us to characterize the Au-Se bond. Theoretically, the Au-Se and Au-C orbital interactions have been decomposed using the natural orbital for the chemical valence framework and the bond components quantified through the charge displacement analysis. This methodology provides the quantification of the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson (DCD) components for the Au-C and Au-Se bonds in the absence and presence of the second-sphere HB. The results presented here show that the anion has a dual mode action: it modifies the conformation of the cation by ion pairing (and this already influences the DCD components) and it induces new polarization effects that depend on the relative anion/cation relative orientation. The perchlorate polarizes SeU, enhancing the Se → Au σ donation and the Au → C back-donation and depressing the C → Au σ donation. On the contrary, the hexafluorophosphate depresses both the Se → Au and C → Au σ donations.
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35
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Azofra LM, Veenboer RMP, Falivene L, Vummaleti SVC, Poater A, Nolan SP, Cavallo L. Quantifying electronic similarities between NHC–gold(i) complexes and their isolobal imidazolium precursors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15615-15622. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02844g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The σ and π donor/acceptor properties of the carbon–gold bond are manifested by changes in 197Au spectroscopic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Miguel Azofra
- CIDIA-FEAM (Unidad Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, avalada por el Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Universidad de Sevilla)
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT)
- Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC)
- Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
- Spain
| | | | - Laura Falivene
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Sai V. C. Vummaleti
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi
- Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC)
- Thuwal 23955-6900
- Saudi Arabia
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36
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Bartalucci N, Belpassi L, Marchetti F, Pampaloni G, Zacchini S, Ciancaleoni G. Ubiquity of cis-Halide → Isocyanide Direct Interligand Interaction in Organometallic Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14554-14563. [PMID: 30430836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported a density functional theory (DFT) analysis of the Nb(V)-C bond in various NbCl5(L) complexes, discovering that the carbon ligand L receives electronic density from the metal (classical back-donation) and from the chlorides in the cis position (direct interligand interaction). Here we report the synthesis and the structural characterization of two new coordination compounds of niobium pentahalides, i.e., NbX5(CNXyl) (X = Cl, Br; Xyl = 2,6-C6H3Me2), and the corresponding DFT analyses of the Nb(V)-C bond using the Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence-Charge Displacement (NOCV-CD) approach, confirming the presence of a cis-halide → isocyanide direct interligand interaction. To verify whether the latter is limited to Nb complexes or not, we performed a NOCV-CD analysis on a series of several organometallic complexes based on Ti(IV), Nb(V), Ta(V), Rh(III), Pd(II), and Au(III), all of which bear one halide ligand and m-xylyl-isocyanide in a mutual cis position, revealing that the cis-halide → isocyanide interaction is always present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Bartalucci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13 , Pisa 56124 , Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia , via Elce di Sotto 8 , Perugia I-06123 , Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13 , Pisa 56124 , Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13 , Pisa 56124 , Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari" , Università di Bologna , Viale Risorgimento 4 , I-40136 Bologna , Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale , Università di Pisa , Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13 , Pisa 56124 , Italy
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37
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Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2017. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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38
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Gatineau D, Lesage D, Clavier H, Dossmann H, Chan CH, Milet A, Memboeuf A, Cole RB, Gimbert Y. Bond dissociation energies of carbonyl gold complexes: a new descriptor of ligand effects in gold(i) complexes? Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15497-15505. [PMID: 30338332 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03721c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ligand electronic effects in gold(i) chemistry have been evaluated by means of the experimental determination of M-CO bond dissociation energies for 16 [L-Au-CO]+ complexes, bearing L ligands widely used in gold catalysis. Energy-resolved analyses have been made using tandem mass spectrometry with collision-induced dissociation. Coupled with DFT calculations, this approach enables the quantification of ligand effects based on the LAu-CO bond strength. A further energy decomposition analysis gives access to detailed insights into this bond's characteristics. Whereas small differences are observed between phosphine- and phosphite-containing gold complexes, carbene ligands are shown to stabilize the gold-carbonyl bond much more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gatineau
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, DCM (UMR 5250) BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex9, France.
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39
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Sorbelli D, Belpassi L, Tarantelli F, Belanzoni P. Ligand Effect on Bonding in Gold(III) Carbonyl Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6161-6175. [PMID: 29741374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We quantitatively assess the Dewar-Chatt-Duncanson (DCD) components of the Au(III)-CO bond and the charge density polarization at the CO, in a series of neutral, cationic, and dicationic bis- and monocyclometalated gold(III) complexes via charge-displacement (CD) analysis. A striking feature concerns the very small net electron charge flux from CO to the metal fragment which is unexpectedly stable toward both the charge of the complex and the oxidation state of gold (I, III). All systems exhibit a similar trend for the σ charge rearrangement in the region of the carbonyl bond, where, by contrast, the π back-donation trend variation is large, which is strictly correlated to the change in CO bond distance and the shift in CO stretching frequencies, in close analogy with the gold(I) carbonyl complexes. In the whole series of gold(III) compounds, a large Au(III) ← CO σ donation is measured (from 0.19 to 0.31 electrons), as well as a significant Au(III) → CO π back-donation (from -0.09 to -0.22 electrons), which however is not generally able to completely balance the polarization of the CO π electrons in the direction from oxygen to carbon (C ← O) induced by the presence of the metal fragment [LAu(III)]0/+1/+2. Surprisingly, all the gold(III) complexes in the series are characterized by a very small anisotropy in the Au(III) → CO in-plane and out-of-plane π back-donation components, in sharp contrast with the marked anisotropy found before for the experimentally characterized [(C^N^C)Au(III)CO]+ complex. A first attempt to figure out a rationale on the bonding/reactivity relationship for Au(III)-CO is made by performing a comparative study with an isostructural [(N^N^C)Pt(II)CO]+ complex in a model water-gas shift (WGS) reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2 , via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2 , via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2 , via Elce di Sotto 8 , I-06123 Perugia , Italy
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40
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De Santis M, Rampino S, Quiney HM, Belpassi L, Storchi L. Charge-Displacement Analysis via Natural Orbitals for Chemical Valence in the Four-Component Relativistic Framework. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:1286-1296. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo De Santis
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sergio Rampino
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Harry M. Quiney
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2, Via Elce di Sotto, 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Loriano Storchi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi ‘G. D’Annunzio’, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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41
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Ciancaleoni G, Belpassi L, Marchetti F. Back-Donation in High-Valent d0 Metal Complexes: Does It Exist? The Case of NbV. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:11266-11274. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Dipartimento di
Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto di Scienze
e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM), c/o Dipartimento di Chimica,
Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, Perugia I-06123, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di
Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Pisa, via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, Pisa 56124, Italy
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42
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D’Amore L, Ciancaleoni G, Belpassi L, Tarantelli F, Zuccaccia D, Belanzoni P. Unraveling the Anion/Ligand Interplay in the Reaction Mechanism of Gold(I)-Catalyzed Alkoxylation of Alkynes. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo D’Amore
- Institut
de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC), Departament
de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gianluca Ciancaleoni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Giuseppe
Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali, Sezione di Chimica, Università di Udine, via Cotonificio 108, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Istituto
di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari del CNR (CNR-ISTM) c/o Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Perugia, via Elce
di Sotto 8, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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43
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Iannuzzi TE, Gao Y, Baker TM, Deng L, Neidig ML. Magnetic circular dichroism and density functional theory studies of electronic structure and bonding in cobalt(ii)–N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:13290-13299. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01748k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The combination of simple cobalt salts and N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands has been highly effective in C–H functionalization, hydroarylation and cross-coupling catalysis, though displaying a strong dependence on the identity of the NHC ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yafei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
| | - Tessa M. Baker
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Rochester
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Liang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
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44
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Gaggioli CA, Belpassi L, Tarantelli F, Harvey JN, Belanzoni P. The ligand effect on the oxidative addition of dioxygen to gold(i)–hydride complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:11679-11690. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02170d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The activation energy barriers of the O2 to [LAuH] oxidative addition, calculated by including spin–orbit coupling (SOC) effects, quantitatively correlate with the σ donation component of the L–AuH bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Alberto Gaggioli
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemical Theory Center and Supercomputing Institute
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies (ISTM) – CNR
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Francesco Tarantelli
- Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies (ISTM) – CNR
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology
| | | | - Paola Belanzoni
- Institute of Molecular Science and Technologies (ISTM) – CNR
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
- Department of Chemistry
- Biology and Biotechnology
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