1
|
Shanu M, Acharyya JN, Sankar M, Vijaya Prakash G. Enhanced Femtosecond Nonlinearities and Multiphoton Absorptions in Discrete Bands of Porphyrins. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:12895-12904. [PMID: 37523680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical nonlinearities of discrete absorption energy levels of one of the typical heterocyclic aromatic molecules, free-base porphyrins, have been probed over a broad spectral region (400-1600 nm) utilizing intense femtosecond pulses. A wide range of strong one- and multiphoton-induced nonlinear absorptions of both the blue-end Soret (B) band (au → b1g) and red-end orbital mixing split quasi-allowed Q-bands (Qx(0,0; 0,1), Qy(0,0; 0,1), au → eg) are critically probed and reported. During the resonant excitation within B- (400 nm) and Q-bands (600-750 nm), the nonlinear absorption has become predominant by the saturation of absorption (SA) of the one-photon absorption (1PA) process due to ground-state bleaching. At nonresonant wavelengths, it is dominated by the reverse saturation of absorption (RSA), involving various nonlinear processes of two-, three-, and four-photon (2PA, 3PA, and 4PA) absorptions, either to B- or Q-bands (1100-1600 nm). The laser intensity-dependent nonresonant (2PA, 800 nm) excitations for the prominent B-band show a distinct cross-over from SA to RSA, contributed by the excited-state absorption (ESA) utilizing a three-photon induced (3PA) process, whereas resonant (1PA, 400 nm) excitation reveals a systematic strong SA process. Both wavelength- and intensity-dependent nonlinear refractive index studies exhibit positive electronic Kerr-based self-focusing effects, with prominent contributions of nonlinear absorption and higher-order effects. The spectrally discrete, highly intense laser probing of individual energy bands and the consequent variety of nonlinearities can be broadly generalized for many free-base porphyrins and metalloporphyrins. The present studies provide a strong foundation and new insight into the broad categories of macrocycles, such as porphyrins and phthalocyanines, for myriad applications in nonlinear optics and bio/optophotonics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Shanu
- Nanophotonics Lab., Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jitendra Nath Acharyya
- Nanophotonics Lab., Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Muniappan Sankar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - G Vijaya Prakash
- Nanophotonics Lab., Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Payne DT, Labuta J, Futera Z, Březina V, Hanyková L, Chahal MK, Hill JP. Molecular rotor based on an oxidized resorcinarene. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01479j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rate of rotation of substituents in a molecular single stator-double rotor based on an oxidized resorcinarene with unsaturated hemiquinonoid groups at its meso positions (i.e., a fuchsonarene) has been controlled according to solvent polarity and acidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Payne
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jan Labuta
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Zdeněk Futera
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Březina
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hanyková
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Mandeep K. Chahal
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Jonathan P. Hill
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Min Y, Cao X, Tian H, Liu J, Wang L. B←N-Incorporated Dibenzo-azaacene with Selective Near-Infrared Absorption and Visible Transparency. Chemistry 2020; 27:2065-2071. [PMID: 32978969 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds with selective near-infrared absorption and visible transparency are very desirable for fabrication of transparent/semitransparent optoelectronic devices. Herein, we develop a molecule with selective near-infrared absorption property, QBNA-O, in which four B←N units are incorporated to the core and two benzodioxin groups are introduced at the termini of the dibenzo-azaacene skeleton. QBNA-O exhibits a small optical gap of 1.39 eV due to the strong electron-donating benzodioxin groups and the strong electron-withdrawing B←N units. In toluene solution, QBNA-O shows a strong absorption peak at 856 nm with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of only 41 nm as well as very weak absorption in the visible range from 380 nm to 760 nm. Thin films of QBNA-O exhibit the average visible transparency (AVT) of 78 % at the thickness of 205 nm and 90 % at the thickness of 45 nm. Solution-processed organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) of QBNA-O display ambipolar transporting behavior with the electron mobility of 0.52 cm2 V-1 s-1 and the hole mobility of 0.013 cm2 V-1 s-1 together with excellent air-stability. The selective NIR absorbing property and excellent charge transporting property imply that QBNA-O can be used to fabricate transparent organic optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Min
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230023, China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren L, Gopalakrishna TY, Park I, Han Y, Wu J. Porphyrin/Quinoidal‐Bithiophene‐Based Macrocycles and Their Dications: Template‐Free Synthesis and Global Aromaticity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:2230-2234. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longbin Ren
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | | | - In‐Hyeok Park
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin UniversityInternational Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207 China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xue G, Hu X, Chen H, Ge L, Wang W, Xiong J, Miao F, Zheng Y. Understanding the nature of quinoidal and zwitterionic states in carbazole-based diradicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:5143-5146. [PMID: 32255106 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01948h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Systematic studies of quinoidal and zwitterionic resonance patterns in diradicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Xue
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays
| | - Xiaoguang Hu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Hanjiao Chen
- Analytical & Testing Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Lingbing Ge
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
| | - Jingyuan Xiong
- West China School of Public Health and Health Food Evaluation Research Center
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- P. R. China
| | - Fang Miao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)
- Chengdu 610054
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Porphyrin/Quinoidal‐Bithiophene‐Based Macrocycles and Their Dications: Template‐Free Synthesis and Global Aromaticity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
7
|
Li G, Han Y, Zou Y, Lee JJC, Ni Y, Wu J. Dearomatization Approach Toward a Superbenzoquinone‐Based Diradicaloid, Tetraradicaloid, and Hexaradicaloid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Johnathan Joo Cheng Lee
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li G, Han Y, Zou Y, Lee JJC, Ni Y, Wu J. Dearomatization Approach Toward a Superbenzoquinone‐Based Diradicaloid, Tetraradicaloid, and Hexaradicaloid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14319-14326. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Johnathan Joo Cheng Lee
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
A BODIPY-Bridged Bisphenoxyl Diradicaloid: Solvent-Dependent Diradical Character and Physical Properties. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081446. [PMID: 31013683 PMCID: PMC6514698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a new boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-bridged bisphenoxyl diradicaloid (2), which showed closed-shell diamagnetic character in less polar solvents such as dichloromethane but open-shell diradical character with paramagnetic activity in the very polar solvent N,N-dimethylformamide. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 2 revealed an anti-parallel stacked dimer structure via intermolecular dipole-dipole interaction, and the observed solvent-dependent diradical character can be explained by the different dihedral angles between the phenoxyl units and the BODIPY bridge, and structural flexibility of the molecule in different solvents. Compound 2 also exhibited solvent-dependent optical and electrochemical properties.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gao H, Liu H, Jiang L, Gai L, Shen Z. A near-infrared benzoquinone-coupled BODIPY: Synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A near-infrared absorbing boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) chromophore coupled with two benzoquinone moieties at its 3,5-positions, 3, was prepared via Knoevenagel condensation of 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-8-(4[Formula: see text]-benzonitrile) BODIPY 1 with 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde to afford 1,7-dimethyl-3,5-di-(4[Formula: see text]-hydroxy-3[Formula: see text],5[Formula: see text]-di-tert-butyl styryl)-8-(4[Formula: see text]-benzonitrile) BODIPY 2, followed by oxidization with Ag2O in good yield (91%). The UV-vis-NIR absorption spectrum of 3 exhibits two major bands at 795 and 895 nm in the near-IR region, while 2shows maximum absorbance at 661 nm and strong fluorescence at 692 nm ([Formula: see text] 0.59). The cyclic voltammetry of 3 consists of two pairs of reversible one-electron reductions at -0.61 V and -0.88 V and two pairs of one-electron oxidation waves at 0.26 V and 0.54 V. Compared with the redox potentials of 2([Formula: see text] V and [Formula: see text] 0.25 V), the first reduction of 3 is anodically shifted for 710 mV, whereas the first oxidation potential is close. Theoretical calculation reveals that conjugation with the benzoquinone moieties on the BODIPY chromophore significantly lowers the LUMO energy level and the HOMO–LUMO energy gap, resulting in a dramatic bathochromic shift of the S0–S1 transition of 3 compared with that of 2. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 3 reveals that the whole molecule adopts a V-type twisted conformation along the delocalized [Formula: see text]-conjugated pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Lizhi Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
A family of push-pull quinoidal porphyrin monomers has been prepared from a meso-formyl porphyrin by bromination, thioacetal formation, palladium-catalyzed coupling with malononitrile and oxidation with DDQ. Attempts at extending this synthesis to a push-pull quinoidal/cumulenic porphyrin dimer were not successful. The crystal structures of the quinoidal porphyrins indicate that there is no significant contribution from singlet biradical or zwitterionic resonance forms. The crystal structure of an ethyne-linked porphyrin dimer shows that the torsion angle between the porphyrin units is only about 3°, in keeping with crystallographic results on related compounds, but contrasting with the torsion angle of about 35° predicted by computational studies. The free-base quinoidal porphyrin monomers form tightly π-stacked layer structures, despite their curved geometries and bulky aryl substituents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wei H, Feng R, Fang Y, Wang L, Chen C, Zhang L, Cui H, Wang X. The Diradical-Dication Strategy for BODIPY- and Porphyrin-Based Dyes with Near-Infrared Absorption Maxima from 1070 to 2040 nm. Chemistry 2018; 24:19341-19347. [PMID: 30285312 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Four stable boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)- and porphyrin-based bis-arylamine diradical dications were synthesized by two-electron oxidation of their neutral molecules. The two BODIPY-based dications have open-shell singlet ground states. UV/Vis absorption spectra of all four dications showed large redshifts in the NIR region compared to their neutral precursors with absorption maxima at 1274 and 1068 nm for the two BODIPY-based dications and 1746 and 2037 nm for the two porphyrin-based dications. Thus, two new types of NIR dyes with longer wavelengths are provided by the diradical-dication strategy, which can be applied for the generation of other NIR dyes with a range of different chromophores and auxochromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houjia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ooi S, Shimizu D, Furukawa K, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Stable Face-to-Face Singlet Diradicaloids: Triply Linked Corrole Dimer Gallium(III) Complexes with Two μ
-Hydroxo-Bridges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14916-14920. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities; Niigata University; Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ooi S, Shimizu D, Furukawa K, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Stable Face-to-Face Singlet Diradicaloids: Triply Linked Corrole Dimer Gallium(III) Complexes with Two μ
-Hydroxo-Bridges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ooi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities; Niigata University; Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rana A, Hong Y, Gopalakrishna TY, Phan H, Herng TS, Yadav P, Ding J, Kim D, Wu J. Stable Expanded Porphycene-Based Diradicaloid and Tetraradicaloid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Rana
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | | | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Priya Yadav
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rana A, Hong Y, Gopalakrishna TY, Phan H, Herng TS, Yadav P, Ding J, Kim D, Wu J. Stable Expanded Porphycene-Based Diradicaloid and Tetraradicaloid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12534-12537. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anup Rana
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | | | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Priya Yadav
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry; Yonsei University; Seoul 120-749 Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shimizu D, Fujimoto K, Osuka A. Stable Diporphyrinylaminyl Radical and Nitrenium Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9434-9438. [PMID: 29882340 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nitrenium ions, isoelectronic nitrogen counterparts of carbenes, are important intermediates in various biological and chemical processes. Herein we describe the first synthesis and characterization of a stable nitrenium ion without resonance stabilization by adjoining amino groups. Namely, a stable salt of a diporphyrinylnitrenium ion was synthesized by stepwise oxidation of the corresponding diporphyrinylamine through a stable aminyl radical. The nitrenium ion exhibits characteristic features such as a singlet ground state, enhanced double-bond character of the central C-N bonds, no reactivity toward water and methanol, and negative solvatochromic behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shimizu D, Fujimoto K, Osuka A. Stable Diporphyrinylaminyl Radical and Nitrenium Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Keisuke Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zeng W, Hong Y, Medina Rivero S, Kim J, Zafra JL, Phan H, Gopalakrishna TY, Herng TS, Ding J, Casado J, Kim D, Wu J. Stable Nitrogen-Centered Bis(imino)rylene Diradicaloids. Chemistry 2018; 24:4944-4951. [PMID: 29396877 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of stable open-shell singlet diradicaloids is critical for their practical material application. So far, most reported examples are based on carbon-centered radicals, which are intrinsically reactive, and there are very few examples of stable nitrogen-centered diradicaloids. In this full paper, a series of soluble and stable bis(imino)rylenes up to octarylene were synthesized on the basis of newly developed dibromorylene intermediates. It was found that from hexarylene onward, these quinoidal rylenes showed open-shell singlet ground states and could be thermally populated to paramagnetic triplet aminyl diradicals. They are stable due to efficient spin delocalization onto the rylene backbone as well as kinetic blocking of the aminyl sites by the bulky and electron-deficient 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl groups. They exhibited very different electronic structures, diradical character, excited-state dynamics, one-photon absorption, two-photon absorption, and electrochemical properties from their respective aromatic rylene counterparts. These bis(imino)rylenes represent a rare class of stable, neutral, nitrogen-centered aminyl diradicaloids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, P. R. China
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - José L Zafra
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tullimilli Y Gopalakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Malaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 229071, Malaga, Spain
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shimizu D, Osuka A. Porphyrinoids as a platform of stable radicals. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1408-1423. [PMID: 29675188 PMCID: PMC5892410 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05210c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-innocent ligand nature of porphyrins was observed for compound I in enzymatic cycles of cytochrome P450. Such porphyrin radicals were first regarded as reactive intermediates in catabolism, but recent studies have revealed that porphyrinoids, including porphyrins, ring-contracted porphyrins, and ring-expanded porphyrins, display excellent radical-stabilizing abilities to the extent that radicals can be handled like usual closed-shell organic molecules. This review surveys four types of stable porphyrinoid radical and covers their synthetic methods and properties such as excellent redox properties, NIR absorption, and magnetic properties. The radical-stabilizing abilities of porphyrinoids stem from their unique macrocyclic conjugated systems with high electronic and structural flexibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science , Kyoto University , Kyoto 606-8502 , Japan .
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
The facile synthesis and physical characterization of a meso-fluorenyl smaragdyrin monoradical 4, which is stable due to efficient spin delocalization and kinetic blocking, is reported. It has a small energy gap and can be oxidized and reduced into the respective cation and anion, showing different charge distribution and electronic absorption properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemanta Kalita
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | | | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jun-I Y, Fukui N, Furukawa K, Osuka A. Metalation Control of Open-Shell Character in meso-meso Linked Porphyrin meso-Oxy Radical Dimers. Chemistry 2018; 24:1528-1532. [PMID: 29276810 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Control of open-shell character of meso-meso linked porphyrin meso-oxy radical dimers has been demonstrated by core metalation. Namely, NiII -porphyrin dimer 6Ni exhibits a clear 1 H NMR spectrum and a distorted but rather coplanar quinonoidal structure consisting of two ruffled porphyrin rings, in accordance with the previous report. Freebase dimer 6H2 shows a similar quinonoidal structure in the solid state but displays slightly broader and temperature-dependent 1 H NMR spectra, indicating a partial diradical character in solution that increases at high temperature. In sharp contrast, bis-imidazole-coordinated ZnII -porphyrin dimer 6ZnIm2 exhibits a perpendicular structure consisting of two planar ZnII -porphyrins and has been characterized as a distinct open-shell diradical on the basis of its non-observable 1 H NMR signals, a clear ESR signal, and a characteristic absorption spectrum reaching about 1700 nm. Despite the distinct diradical character, 6ZnIm2 is an extremely stable molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Jun-I
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Norihito Fukui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Coordination of Research Facilities, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ten YA, Salnikov OG, Amitina SA, Stass DV, Rybalova TV, Kazantsev MS, Bogomyakov AS, Mostovich EA, Mazhukin DG. The Suzuki–Miyaura reaction as a tool for modification of phenoxyl-nitroxyl radicals of the 4H-imidazole N-oxide series. RSC Adv 2018; 8:26099-26107. [PMID: 35541934 PMCID: PMC9082764 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05103h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
2-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-4H-imidazole 3-oxide reacts with phenylboronic acid and its substituted derivatives in a cross-coupling reaction of the Suzuki–Miyaura type to form 5-biphenyl derivatives of 4H-imidazole-N-oxide. Interaction of the same compound with B2(pin)2 in the presence of PdCl2(PPh3)2 proceeds through the formation of intermediate 1,3,2-dioxoborolane and leads to the product of homocoupling: biphenyl-bis(imidazole). Oxidation of the resultant imidazoles with lead dioxide quantitatively yields stable conjugated phenoxyl-nitroxyl mono- and diradicals, which are of interest as electroactive paramagnetic materials. The crystal structure of the monoradical, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[1-oxido-4-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole-2(5H)-ylidene]cyclohex-2,5-dienone, its magnetic susceptibility, EPR spectra of the obtained hybrid radicals in solution, and cyclic voltammetry characteristics of 4H-imidazoles were studied. Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction as a tool for modification of hybrid phenoxyl-nitroxides.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yury A. Ten
- NN Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
- Russia,
| | | | - Svetlana A. Amitina
- NN Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
- Russia,
| | - Dmitri V. Stass
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
| | - Tatyana V. Rybalova
- NN Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
- Russia,
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
| | - Maxim S. Kazantsev
- NN Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
- Russia,
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
| | | | - Evgeny A. Mostovich
- NN Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
- Russia,
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
| | - Dmitrii G. Mazhukin
- NN Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
- Russia,
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang H, Phan H, Herng TS, Gopalakrishna TY, Zeng W, Ding J, Wu J. Conformationally Flexible Bis(9-fluorenylidene)porphyrin Diradicaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:13484-13488. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201707480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hejian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang H, Phan H, Herng TS, Gopalakrishna TY, Zeng W, Ding J, Wu J. Conformationally Flexible Bis(9-fluorenylidene)porphyrin Diradicaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201707480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hejian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Wangdong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| |
Collapse
|