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Ratto A, Honek JF. Oxocarbon Acids and their Derivatives in Biological and Medicinal Chemistry. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1172-1213. [PMID: 36915986 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230313141452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
The biological and medicinal chemistry of the oxocarbon acids 2,3- dihydroxycycloprop-2-en-1-one (deltic acid), 3,4-dihydroxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione (squaric acid), 4,5-dihydroxy-4-cyclopentene-1,2,3-trione (croconic acid), 5,6-dihydroxycyclohex- 5-ene-1,2,3,4-tetrone (rhodizonic acid) and their derivatives is reviewed and their key chemical properties and reactions are discussed. Applications of these compounds as potential bioisosteres in biological and medicinal chemistry are examined. Reviewed areas include cell imaging, bioconjugation reactions, antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer, enzyme inhibition, and receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ratto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - John F Honek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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2
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Cantatore C, Visconti P, Pierini M, Cirilli R. Kinetic and mechanism study of the spontaneous, solvent- and base-catalyzed degradation of the precursor of the β-nitro alcohol metaraminol by combining HPLC/electronic circular dichroism/theoretical methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 220:114972. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Horizons in Asymmetric Organocatalysis: En Route to the Sustainability and New Applications. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the development of new enantioselective processes is highly relevant in chemistry due to the relevance of chiral compounds in biomedicine (mainly drugs) and in other fields, such as agrochemistry, animal feed, and flavorings. Among them, organocatalytic methods have become an efficient and sustainable alternative since List and MacMillan pioneering contributions were published in 2000. These works established the term asymmetric organocatalysis to label this area of research, which has grown exponentially over the last two decades. Since then, the scientific community has attended to the discovery of a plethora of organic reactions and transformations carried out with excellent results in terms of both reactivity and enantioselectivity. Looking back to earlier times, we can find in the literature a few examples where small organic molecules and some natural products could act as effective catalysts. However, with the birth of this type of catalysis, new chemical architectures based on amines, thioureas, squaramides, cinchona alkaloids, quaternary ammonium salts, carbenes, guanidines and phosphoric acids, among many others, have been developed. These organocatalysts have provided a broad range of activation modes that allow privileged interactions between catalysts and substrates for the preparation of compounds with high added value in an enantioselective way. Here, we briefly cover the history of this chemistry, from our point of view, including our beginnings, how the field has evolved during these years of research, and the road ahead.
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4
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Sonsona IG, Vicenzi A, Guidotti M, Bisag GD, Fochi M, Herrera RP, Bernardi L. Investigation of Squaramide Catalysts in the Aldol Reaction En Route to Funapide. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac G. Sonsona
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” & INSTM RU Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna V. Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Andrea Vicenzi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” & INSTM RU Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna V. Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Guidotti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” & INSTM RU Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna V. Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Giorgiana Denisa Bisag
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” & INSTM RU Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna V. Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Fochi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” & INSTM RU Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna V. Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Luca Bernardi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari” & INSTM RU Bologna Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna V. Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
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5
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Non-Covalent Interactions in Enantioselective Organocatalysis: Theoretical and Mechanistic Studies of Reactions Mediated by Dual H-Bond Donors, Bifunctional Squaramides, Thioureas and Related Catalysts. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11050569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chiral bifunctional dual H-bond donor catalysts have become one of the pillars of organocatalysis. They include squaramide, thiosquaramide, thiourea, urea, and even selenourea-based catalysts combined with chiral amines, cinchona alkaloids, sulfides, phosphines and more. They can promote several types of reactions affording products in very high yields and excellent stereoselectivities in many cases: conjugate additions, cycloadditions, the aldol and Henry reactions, the Morita–Baylis–Hilman reaction, even cascade reactions, among others. The desire to understand mechanisms and the quest for the origins of stereoselectivity, in attempts to find guidelines for developing more efficient catalysts for new transformations, has promoted many mechanistic and theoretical studies. In this review, we survey the literature published in this area since 2015.
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Yu Z, Zhang Q, Tang H, Xu G. Rationally design and chemical modification: Getting a new and efficient biocatalyst for Henry reaction. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 142:109695. [PMID: 33220873 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A robust biocatalyst for green Henry reaction was achieved. Based on the fact that Henry reaction requires a base for proton transfer, we firstly proposed that the catalytic triad of lipase could play this role. The distance between the substrate and the catalytic center and the surrounding amino acid interaction network were used as the criterion. Benzaldehyde and nitromethane were used as the model reaction, RNL (Lipase from Rhizopus niveus) was considered to be the best Henry reaction catalyst via a molecular dynamics simulation. Then experiments demonstrated that RNL has a yield of 48 % using model substrate in water. Further, in order to increase product yield, the chemical modifier 1, 2-cyclohexanedione (CHD) was used to modify Arg on RNL. As a result, RNL (CHD) increased the activity of catalyzing Henry reaction and had a broad spectrum of substrates, the yield of the product was as high as 67-99 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglang Yu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haibin Tang
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Gang Xu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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7
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Auria‐Luna F, Mohammadi S, Divar M, Gimeno MC, Herrera RP. Asymmetric Fluorination Reactions promoted by Chiral Hydrogen Bonding‐based Organocatalysts. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Auria‐Luna
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica. Departamento de Química Orgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC- Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain)
| | - Somayeh Mohammadi
- Medicinal & Natural Products Chemistry Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 7134853734 Shiraz (Iran)
| | - Masoumeh Divar
- Medicinal & Natural Products Chemistry Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 7134853734 Shiraz (Iran)
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC- Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain)
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica. Departamento de Química Orgánica. Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC- Universidad de Zaragoza. C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain)
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Axelsson A, Hammarvid E, Rahm M, Sundén H. DBU‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening and Retro‐Claisen Fragmentation of Dihydropyranones. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Axelsson
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Kemivägen 10 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Emmelie Hammarvid
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Kemivägen 10 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Martin Rahm
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Kemivägen 10 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundén
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chalmers University of Technology Kemivägen 10 412 96 Göteborg Sweden
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9
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Eliseenko SS, Bhadbhade M, Liu F. Multifunctional chiral aminophosphines for enantiodivergent catalysis in a palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reaction. Chirality 2020; 32:1311-1323. [PMID: 32757326 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Trifunctional MAP-based chiral phosphines were tested as new ligands in a Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation, demonstrating fast and enantiodivergent catalysis. The palladium complexes of representative ligands by X-ray analysis revealed a novel mode of P,N-coordination of the ligand to the palladium center, which may contribute to switching the sense of the asymmetric induction via combined steric and tunable H-bonding interactions between the metal complex and the substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sviatoslav S Eliseenko
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- Solid State & Elemental Analysis Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, Division of Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Sonsona IG, Alegre-Requena JV, Marqués-López E, Gimeno MC, Herrera RP. Asymmetric Organocatalyzed Aza-Henry Reaction of Hydrazones: Experimental and Computational Studies. Chemistry 2020; 26:5469-5478. [PMID: 32012361 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The first asymmetric catalyzed aza-Henry reaction of hydrazones is presented. In this process, quinine was used as the catalyst to synthesize different alkyl substituted β-nitrohydrazides with ee up to 77 %. This ee was improved up to 94 % by a further recrystallization and the opposite enantiomer can be obtained by using quinidine as the catalyst, opening exciting possibilities in fields in which the control of chirality is vital, such as the pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, experimental and ab initio studies were performed to understand the reaction mechanism. The experimental results revealed an unexpected secondary kinetic isotope effect (KIE) that is explained by the calculated reaction pathway, which shows that the protonation of the initial hydrazone and the C-C bond forming reaction occur during a concerted process. This concerted mechanism makes the catalysis conceptually different to traditional base-promoted Henry and aza-Henry reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac G Sonsona
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de, Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y, Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan V Alegre-Requena
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de, Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y, Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eugenia Marqués-López
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de, Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y, Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de, Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de, Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel P Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica, Departamento de, Química Orgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y, Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/ Pedro Cerbuna, No. 12., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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11
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Gimeno MC, Herrera RP. Hydrogen Bonding and Internal or External Lewis or Brønsted Acid Assisted (Thio)urea Catalysts. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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12
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Rufino VC, Pliego JR. Is the iminium ion mechanism viable in the piperidine-catalyzed 1,4-conjugate addition reaction of nitroalkanes to α,β-unsaturated ketones? COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.112541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Asymmetric Cu-catalyzed Henry reaction using chiral camphor Schiff bases immobilized on a macromolecular chain. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Sonsona IG, Marqués-López E, Gimeno MC, Herrera RP. First aromatic amine organocatalysed activation of α,β-unsaturated ketones. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj02392e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first example of a chiral aromatic amine used to activate α,β-unsaturated ketones in aminocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac G. Sonsona
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza)
- E-50009 Zaragoza
| | - Eugenia Marqués-López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza)
- E-50009 Zaragoza
| | - M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza)
- E-50009 Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH)
- (CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza)
- E-50009 Zaragoza
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15
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Rufino VC, Resende SM, Pliego JR. Free energy profile and microkinetic modeling of base-catalyzed conjugate addition reaction of nitroalkanes to α,β-unsaturated ketones in polar and apolar solvents. J Mol Model 2018; 24:152. [PMID: 29876745 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3694-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Michael reactions involving nitroalkanes and enones are important carbon-carbon bond formation reactions. These reactions are base-catalyzed, and during the past 15 years, the asymmetric version using bifunctional amino-thiourea organocatalyst has been developed. In this work, the reaction of nitromethane and 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one, catalyzed by the methoxide ion and piperidine as bases, was investigated by theoretical calculations. We obtained the theoretical free energy profile and did a microkinetic analysis of the catalytic cycle. The direct reaction of the CH2NO2- ion and the enone is very favorable, with a free energy of activation of 21.1 kcal mol-1 in methanol solvent. However, the generated MS2 product works like an inhibitor of the catalysis, and the effective barrier in the catalytic cycle becomes 25.5 kcal mol-1, leading to slow kinetics at room temperature. In the case of the reaction in apolar solvent (toluene), we found a pathway involving isomerization from the CH3NO2 reactant to the CH2NO2H species, and the latter makes a nucleophilic attack on the enone. Piperidine works like a bifunctional catalyst. In this case, the barrier is very high (32.5 kcal mol-1), indicating the importance of the polar environment to accelerate the reaction in the catalytic cycle. Graphical abstract Base-catalyzed conjugate addition reaction of nitroalkanes to α,β-unsaturated ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia C Rufino
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Stella M Resende
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brazil
| | - Josefredo R Pliego
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brazil.
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Alegre-Requena JV, Marqués-López E, Herrera RP. Organocatalyzed Enantioselective Aldol and Henry Reactions Starting from Benzylic Alcohols. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan V. Alegre-Requena
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica. Departamento de Química Orgánica.; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza. C/; Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Eugenia Marqués-López
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica. Departamento de Química Orgánica.; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza. C/; Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica. Departamento de Química Orgánica.; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza. C/; Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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17
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Alegre-Requena JV, Marqués-López E, Herrera RP. “Push–Pull π+/π–” (PPππ) Systems in Catalysis. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan V. Alegre-Requena
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis
Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
(ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eugenia Marqués-López
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis
Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
(ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Laboratorio de Organocatálisis
Asimétrica, Departamento de Química Orgánica,
Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea
(ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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