1
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Svatunek D. Computational Organic Chemistry: The Frontier for Understanding and Designing Bioorthogonal Cycloadditions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2024; 382:17. [PMID: 38727989 PMCID: PMC11087259 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-024-00461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Computational organic chemistry has become a valuable tool in the field of bioorthogonal chemistry, offering insights and aiding in the progression of this branch of chemistry. In this review, I present an overview of computational work in this field, including an exploration of both the primary computational analysis methods used and their application in the main areas of bioorthogonal chemistry: (3 + 2) and [4 + 2] cycloadditions. In the context of (3 + 2) cycloadditions, detailed studies of electronic effects have informed the evolution of cycloalkyne/1,3-dipole cycloadditions. Through computational techniques, researchers have found ways to adjust the electronic structure via hyperconjugation to enhance reactions without compromising stability. For [4 + 2] cycloadditions, methods such as distortion/interaction analysis and energy decomposition analysis have been beneficial, leading to the development of bioorthogonal reactants with improved reactivity and the creation of orthogonal reaction pairs. To conclude, I touch upon the emerging fields of cheminformatics and machine learning, which promise to play a role in future reaction discovery and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Svatunek
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Teal CJ, Hettiaratchi MH, Ho MT, Ortin-Martinez A, Ganesh AN, Pickering AJ, Golinski AW, Hackel BJ, Wallace VA, Shoichet MS. Directed Evolution Enables Simultaneous Controlled Release of Multiple Therapeutic Proteins from Biopolymer-Based Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202612. [PMID: 35790035 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of increasingly complex combination strategies of biologics, independent control over their delivery is the key to their efficacy; however, current approaches are hindered by the limited independent tunability of their release rates. To overcome these limitations, directed evolution is used to engineer highly specific, low affinity affibody binding partners to multiple therapeutic proteins to independently control protein release rates. As a proof-of-concept, specific affibody binding partners for two proteins with broad therapeutic utility: insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) are identified. Protein-affibody binding interactions specific to these target proteins with equilibrium dissociation constants (KD ) between 10-7 and 10-8 m are discovered. The affibodies are covalently bound to the backbone of crosslinked hydrogels using click chemistry, enabling sustained, independent, and simultaneous release of bioactive IGF-1 and PEDF over 7 days. The system is tested with C57BL/6J mice in vivo, and the affibody-controlled release of IGF-1 results in sustained activity when compared to bolus IGF-1 delivery. This work demonstrates a new, broadly applicable approach to tune the release of therapeutic proteins simultaneously and independently and thus the way for precise control over the delivery of multicomponent therapies is paved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter J Teal
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Marian H Hettiaratchi
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Margaret T Ho
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Arturo Ortin-Martinez
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Ahil N Ganesh
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Andrew J Pickering
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Alex W Golinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, 356 Amundson Hall, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Benjamin J Hackel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, 356 Amundson Hall, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Valerie A Wallace
- Donald K. Johnson Eye Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A1, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, 340 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3A9, Canada
| | - Molly S Shoichet
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, 340 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3A9, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
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3
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García-Aznar P, Escorihuela J. Computational insights into the inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction of norbornenes with 1,2,4,5-tetrazines: norbornene substituents' effects on the reaction rate. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6400-6412. [PMID: 35876298 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of the reaction rates and mechanism of click chemistry reactions still remains an interesting challenge in organic chemistry. In this regard, the inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction represents a promising metal-free alternative with enhanced reaction rates compared to other reactions of the click chemistry toolbox. Among the different types of dienophiles used in the IEDDA reactions, norbornenes have been widely used given their high stability and fast reaction rates. The inverse electron-demand Diels Alder reaction of 3,6-dipyridin-2-yl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine with a series of norbornene derivatives was studied with quantum mechanical calculations at the M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory. The theoretical predictions were confirmed with the experimental data and analyzed with the use of the distortion/interaction model. The obtained results will help in obtaining a better understanding of the factors that affect the relative cycloaddition rates of norbornenes with tetrazines, which are crucial for selectively tuning their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García-Aznar
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés, s/n, Burjassot 46100, València, Spain.
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés, s/n, Burjassot 46100, València, Spain.
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4
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Escorihuela J, Looijen WJE, Wang X, Aquino AJA, Lischka H, Zuilhof H. Cycloaddition of Strained Cyclic Alkenes and Ortho-Quinones: A Distortion/Interaction Analysis. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13557-13566. [PMID: 33105075 PMCID: PMC7656516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
chemistry of strained unsaturated cyclic compounds has experienced
remarkable growth in recent years via the development of metal–free
click reactions. Among these reactions, the cycloaddition of cyclopropenes
and their analogues to ortho-quinones has been established
as a highly promising click reaction. The present work investigates
the mechanism involved in the cycloaddition of strained dienes to ortho-quinones and structural factors that would influence
this reaction. For this purpose, we use B97D density functional theory
calculations throughout, and for relevant cases, we use spin component–scaled
MP2 calculations and single–point domain-based local pair natural
orbital coupled cluster (DLPNO-CCSD(T)) calculations. The outcomes
are analyzed in detail using the distortion/interaction model, and
suggestions for future experimental work are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Departament de Quı́mica Orgànica, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Wilhelmus J E Looijen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Adelia J A Aquino
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Institute for Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Hans Lischka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Escorihuela J, Olvera-Mancilla J, Alexandrova L, del Castillo LF, Compañ V. Recent Progress in the Development of Composite Membranes Based on Polybenzimidazole for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1861. [PMID: 32825111 PMCID: PMC7564738 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid increasing of the population in combination with the emergence of new energy-consuming technologies has risen worldwide total energy consumption towards unprecedent values. Furthermore, fossil fuel reserves are running out very quickly and the polluting greenhouse gases emitted during their utilization need to be reduced. In this scenario, a few alternative energy sources have been proposed and, among these, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are promising. Recently, polybenzimidazole-based polymers, featuring high chemical and thermal stability, in combination with fillers that can regulate the proton mobility, have attracted tremendous attention for their roles as PEMs in fuel cells. Recent advances in composite membranes based on polybenzimidazole (PBI) for high temperature PEM fuel cell applications are summarized and highlighted in this review. In addition, the challenges, future trends, and prospects of composite membranes based on PBI for solid electrolytes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jessica Olvera-Mancilla
- Departamento de Polímeros, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (J.O.-M.); (L.A.); (L.F.d.C.)
| | - Larissa Alexandrova
- Departamento de Polímeros, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (J.O.-M.); (L.A.); (L.F.d.C.)
| | - L. Felipe del Castillo
- Departamento de Polímeros, Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (J.O.-M.); (L.A.); (L.F.d.C.)
| | - Vicente Compañ
- Departamento de Termodinámica Aplicada (ETSII), Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera. s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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6
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Zhang Y, Gambardella A, Üçüncü M, Geng J, Clavadetscher J, Bradley M, Lilienkampf A. Multifunctional, histidine-tagged polymers: antibody conjugation and signal amplification. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13856-13859. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04591h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A polymer scaffold, with multiple reactive centres, was synthesised by RAFT polymerisation and conjugated to the antibody herceptin. A hexahistidine RAFT agent enabled simple purification of polymer–protein conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Zhang
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
| | | | - Muhammed Üçüncü
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy
| | - Jin Geng
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
| | | | - Mark Bradley
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
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7
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Goldmann AS, Boase NRB, Michalek L, Blinco JP, Welle A, Barner-Kowollik C. Adaptable and Reprogrammable Surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902665. [PMID: 31414512 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Establishing control over chemical reactions on interfaces is a key challenge in contemporary surface and materials science, in particular when introducing well-defined functionalities in a reversible fashion. Reprogrammable, adaptable and functional interfaces require sophisticated chemistries to precisely equip them with specific functionalities having tailored properties. In the last decade, reversible chemistries-both covalent and noncovalent-have paved the way to precision functionalize 2 or 3D structures that provide both spatial and temporal control. A critical literature assessment reveals that methodologies for writing and erasing substrates exist, yet are still far from reaching their full potential. It is thus critical to assess the current status and to identify avenues to overcome the existing limitations. Herein, the current state-of-the-art in the field of reversible chemistry on surfaces is surveyed, while concomitantly identifying the challenges-not only synthetic but also in current surface characterization methods. The potential within reversible chemistry on surfaces to function as true writeable memories devices is identified, and the latest developments in readout technologies are discussed. Finally, we explore how spatial and temporal control over reversible, light-induced chemistries has the potential to drive the future of functional interface design, especially when combined with powerful laser lithographic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja S Goldmann
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Nathan R B Boase
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Lukas Michalek
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - James P Blinco
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Alexander Welle
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics, and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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8
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Gahtory D, Sen R, Kuzmyn AR, Escorihuela J, Zuilhof H. Strain-Promoted Cycloaddition of Cyclopropenes with o-Quinones: A Rapid Click Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10118-10122. [PMID: 29542846 PMCID: PMC6099469 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Novel click reactions are of continued interest in fields as diverse as bio-conjugation, polymer science and surface chemistry. Qualification as a proper "click" reaction requires stringent criteria, including fast kinetics and high conversion, to be met. Herein, we report a novel strain-promoted cycloaddition between cyclopropenes and o-quinones in solution and on a surface. We demonstrate the "click character" of the reaction in solution and on surfaces for both monolayer and polymer brush functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digvijay Gahtory
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 46708WEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Rickdeb Sen
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 46708WEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Andriy R. Kuzmyn
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 46708WEWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de QuímicaUniversidad de ValenciaAvda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s.n.46100-BurjassotValenciaSpain
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic ChemistryWageningen University and ResearchStippeneng 46708WEWageningenThe Netherlands
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and TechnologyTianjin University92 Weijin RoadTianjinP.R. China
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
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9
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Gahtory D, Sen R, Pujari S, Li S, Zheng Q, Moses JE, Sharpless KB, Zuilhof H. Quantitative and Orthogonal Formation and Reactivity of SuFEx Platforms. Chemistry 2018; 24:10550-10556. [PMID: 29949211 PMCID: PMC6099289 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The constraints of minute reactant amounts and the impossibility to remove any undesired surface‐bound products during monolayer functionalization of a surface necessitate the selection of efficient, modular and orthogonal reactions that lead to quantitative conversions. Herein, we explore the character of sulfur–fluoride exchange (SuFEx) reactions on a surface, and explore the applicability for quantitative and orthogonal surface functionalization. To this end, we demonstrate the use of ethenesulfonyl fluoride (ESF) as an efficient SuFEx linker for creating “SuFEx‐able” monolayer surfaces, enabling three distinct approaches to utilize SuFEx chemistry on a surface. The first approach relies on a di‐SuFEx loading allowing dual functionalization with a nucleophile, while the two latter approaches focus on dual (CuAAC–SuFEx/SPOCQ–SuFEx) click platforms. The resultant strategies allow facile attachment of two different substrates sequentially on the same platform. Along the way we also demonstrate the Michael addition of ethenesulfonyl fluoride to be a quantitative surface‐bound reaction, indicating significant promise in materials science for this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Digvijay Gahtory
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rickdeb Sen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sidharam Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Suhua Li
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.,School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, 135 Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou, 510275, P.R. China
| | - Qinheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - John E Moses
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - K Barry Sharpless
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Gahtory D, Sen R, Kuzmyn AR, Escorihuela J, Zuilhof H. Strain-Promoted Cycloaddition of Cyclopropenes with o
-Quinones: A Rapid Click Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Digvijay Gahtory
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Wageningen University and Research; Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Rickdeb Sen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Wageningen University and Research; Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Andriy R. Kuzmyn
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Wageningen University and Research; Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Departamento de Química Orgánica; Facultad de Química; Universidad de Valencia; Avda. Vicente Andrés Estellés s.n. 46100-Burjassot Valencia Spain
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry; Wageningen University and Research; Stippeneng 4 6708 WE Wageningen The Netherlands
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology; Tianjin University; 92 Weijin Road Tianjin P.R. China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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11
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Escorihuela J, Das A, Looijen WJE, van Delft FL, Aquino AJA, Lischka H, Zuilhof H. Kinetics of the Strain-Promoted Oxidation-Controlled Cycloalkyne-1,2-quinone Cycloaddition: Experimental and Theoretical Studies. J Org Chem 2018; 83:244-252. [PMID: 29260879 PMCID: PMC5759032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stimulated by its success in both bioconjugation and surface modification, we studied the strain-promoted oxidation-controlled cycloalkyne-1,2-quinone cycloaddition (SPOCQ) in three ways. First, the second-order rate constants and activation parameters (ΔH⧧) were determined of various cyclooctynes reacting with 4-tert-butyl-1,2-quinone in a SPOCQ reaction, yielding values for ΔH⧧ of 4.5, 7.3, and 12.1 kcal/mol, for bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yne (BCN), cyclooctyne (OCT), and dibenzoazacyclooctyne (DIBAC), respectively. Second, their reaction paths were investigated in detail by a range of quantum mechanical calculations. Single-configuration theoretical methods, like various DFT and a range of MP2-based methods, typically overestimate this barrier by 3-8 kcal/mol (after inclusion of zero-point energy, thermal, and solvation corrections), whereas MP2 itself underestimates the barrier significantly. Only dispersion-corrected DFT methods like B97D (yielding 4.9, 6.4, and 12.1 kcal/mol for these three reactions) and high-level CCSD(T) and multireference multiconfiguration AQCC ab initio approaches (both yielding 8.2 kcal/mol for BCN) give good approximations of experimental data. Finally, the multireference methods show that the radical character in the TS is rather small, thus rationalizing the use of single-reference methods like B97D and SCS-MP2 as intrinsically valid approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Escorihuela
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Escuela
Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales − Departamento
de Termodinámica Aplicada, Universitat
Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Anita Das
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wilhelmus J. E. Looijen
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris L. van Delft
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adelia J. A. Aquino
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Institute
for Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences
Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Strasse
82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Lischka
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Institute
for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory
of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King
Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Sen R, Gahtory D, Escorihuela J, Firet J, Pujari SP, Zuilhof H. Approach Matters: The Kinetics of Interfacial Inverse-Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reactions. Chemistry 2017; 23:13015-13022. [PMID: 28703436 PMCID: PMC5637934 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and quantitative click functionalization of surfaces remains an interesting challenge in surface chemistry. In this regard, inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reactions represent a promising metal-free candidate. Herein, we reveal quantitative surface functionalization within 15 min. Furthermore, we report the comprehensive effects of substrate stereochemistry, surrounding microenvironment and substrate order on the reaction kinetics as obtained by surface-bound mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickdeb Sen
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Digvijay Gahtory
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Escorihuela
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Firet
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sidharam P Pujari
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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