1
|
Li S, Schröder M, Prudlik A, Shi X, Spannenberg A, Rabeah J, Francke R, Corzilius B, Reiß F, Beweries T. A General Concept for the Electronic and Steric Modification of 1-Metallacyclobuta-2,3-dienes: A Case Study of Group 4 Metallocene Complexes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400708. [PMID: 38529695 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of group 4 metal 1-metallacyclobuta-2,3-dienes as organometallic analogues of elusive 1,2-cyclobutadiene has so far been limited to SiMe3 substituted examples. We present the synthesis of two Ph substituted dilithiated ligand precursors for the preparation of four new 1-metallacyclobuta-2,3-dienes [rac-(ebthi)M] (M=Ti, Zr; ebthi=1,2-ethylene-1,10-bis(η5-tetrahydroindenyl)). The organolithium compounds [Li2(RC3Ph)] (1 b: R=Ph, 1 c: R=SiMe3) as well as the metallacycles of the general formula [rac-(ebthi)M(R1C3R2)] (2 b: M=Ti, R1=R2=Ph, 2 c: M=Ti, R1=Ph, R2=SiMe3; 3 b: M=Zr, R1=R2=Ph; 3 c: M=Zr, R1=Ph, R2=SiMe3) were fully characterised. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and quantum chemical bond analysis of the Ti and Zr complexes reveal ligand influence on the biradicaloid character of the titanocene complexes. X-band EPR spectroscopy of structurally similar Ti complexes [rac-(ebthi)Ti(Me3SiC3SiMe3)] (2 a), 2 b, and 2 c was carried out to evaluate the accessibility of an EPR active triplet state. Cyclic voltammetry shows that introduction of Ph groups renders the complexes easier to reduce. 13C CPMAS NMR analysis provides insights into the cause of the low field shift of the resonances of metal-bonded carbon atoms and provides evidence of the absence of the β-C-Ti interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Li
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mirjam Schröder
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- University of Rostock, Department LL&M, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adrian Prudlik
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Xinzhe Shi
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Francke
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Björn Corzilius
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- University of Rostock, Institute of Chemistry, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- University of Rostock, Department LL&M, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- University of Rostock, Department LL&M, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shi X, Li S, Reiß M, Spannenberg A, Holtrichter-Rößmann T, Reiß F, Beweries T. 1-Zirconacyclobuta-2,3-dienes: synthesis of organometallic analogs of elusive 1,2-cyclobutadiene, unprecedented intramolecular C-H activation, and reactivity studies. Chem Sci 2021; 12:16074-16084. [PMID: 35024129 PMCID: PMC8672727 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06052j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The structure, bonding, and reactivity of small, highly unsaturated ring systems is of fundamental interest for inorganic and organic chemistry. Four-membered metallacyclobuta-2,3-dienes, also referred to as metallacycloallenes, are among the most exotic examples for ring systems as these represent organometallic analogs of 1,2-cyclobutadiene, the smallest cyclic allene. Herein, the synthesis of the first examples of 1-zirconacyclobuta-2,3-dienes of the type [Cp'2Zr(Me3SiC3SiMe3)] (Cp'2 = rac-(ebthi), (ebthi = 1,2-ethylene-1,1'-bis(η5-tetrahydroindenyl)) (2a); rac-Me2Si(thi)2, thi = (η5-tetrahydroindenyl), (2b)) is presented. Both complexes undergo selective thermal C-H activation at the 7-position of the ansa-cyclopentadienyl ligand to produce a new type of "tucked-in" zirconocene system, 3a and 3b, that possesses a η3-propargyl/allenyl ligand. Both types of complexes react with carbonyl compounds, producing enynes in the case of 2a and 2b, as well as η1-allenyl complexes for 3a and 3b. Computational analysis of the structure and bonding of 2a and 3a reveals significant differences to a previously described related Ti complex. All complexes were fully characterised, including X-ray crystallography and experimental results were supported by DFT analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhe Shi
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Sihan Li
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Melanie Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | | | - Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reiß F, Reiß M, Bresien J, Spannenberg A, Jiao H, Baumann W, Arndt P, Beweries T. 1-Titanacyclobuta-2,3-diene - an elusive four-membered cyclic allene. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5319-5325. [PMID: 31191888 PMCID: PMC6540905 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01002e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterisation of a 1-titanacyclobuta-2,3-diene complex, an organometallic analog of elusive 1,2-cyclobutadiene, is presented.
The synthesis of an unusual 1-metalla-2,3-cyclobutadiene complex [rac-(ebthi)Ti(Me3SiC3SiMe3)] (rac-ebthi = rac-1,2-ethylene-1,1′-bis(η5-tetrahydroindenyl)), a formal metallacyclic analogue of a non-existent four-membered 1,2-cyclobutadiene, is described. By variation of the cyclopentadienyl ligand of the titanocene precursor it was possible to stabilise this highly exotic compound which selectively reacts with ketones and aldehydes to yield enynes by oxygen transfer to titanium. Analysis of the bonding and electronic structure of the metallacycle shows that the complex is best described as an unusual antiferromagnetically coupled biradicaloid system, possessing a formal Ti(iii) centre coordinated with a monoanionic radical ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| | - Melanie Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Abteilung für Anorganische Chemie , Institut für Chemie , Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a , D-18059 Rostock , Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| | - Wolfgang Baumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| | - Perdita Arndt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock , Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a , 18059 Rostock , Germany . ;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Reiß F, Reiß M, Spannenberg A, Jiao H, Baumann W, Arndt P, Rosenthal U, Beweries T. Visiting the Limits between a Highly Strained 1-Zirconacyclobuta-2,3-diene and Chemically Robust Dizirconacyclooctatetraene. Chemistry 2018; 24:5667-5674. [PMID: 29388730 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Melanie Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumann
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Perdita Arndt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Uwe Rosenthal
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der, Universität Rostock (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|