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Zeng R, Li N, Wang P, Shi C, Jia F, Li F, Jiang Z, Li Q, Yuan A, Yang C. Three-Charge (0, -1, -2) Ligand-Based Binuclear and Mononuclear Deep-Red Phosphorescent Iridium Complexes Bearing Benzo[ d]oxazole-2-Thiol Ligand. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:12556-12563. [PMID: 38917329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
A new class of three-charge (0, -1, -2) ligand-based binuclear and mononuclear iridium complexes bearing benzo[d]oxazole-2-thiol ligand have been synthesized. Notably, the binuclear complexes (IrIr1 and IrIr2) can be generated at low temperatures by reacting the iridium complex precursors (2a and 2b) with equal amounts of the benzo[d]oxazole-2-thiol ligands, while the corresponding mononuclear complexes (Ir1 and Ir2) are formed at high temperatures. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the benzo[d]oxazole-2-thiol ligand plays an unusual and interesting bridging role in binuclear complexes and induces rich intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, while in mononuclear complexes, it forms an interesting four-membered ring coordination. More importantly, all complexes experienced efficient deep-red emission in the 628-674 nm range, and the mononuclear complexes have higher luminescent efficiency and longer excited state lifetime than the binuclear complexes. As a result, organic light-emitting diode devices incorporating two mononuclear complexes (Ir1 and Ir2) as guest material of the light-emitting layer can obtain good maximum external quantum efficiency (3.5% and 5.5%) in the deep-red region (629 and 632 nm) with CIE coordinates (0.61, 0.33) and (0.62, 0.34), along with a low turn-on voltage (2.8 V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqi Zeng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Nengquan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Chao Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Fulin Jia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Feiyang Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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2
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Li G, Li N, Cao Y, Shi C, Liu X, Zeng R, Wu M, Li Q, Yang C, Yuan A. Deep-Red/Near-Infrared to Blue-Green Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes Featuring Three Differently Charged (0, -1, and -2) Ligands: Structures, Photophysics, and Organic Light-Emitting Diode Application. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10548-10556. [PMID: 35763374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a new family of neutral phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes (Ir1-Ir6) featuring three differently charged (0, -1, and -2) ligands, in which biphenyl (bp) is used as a dianionic (-2) ligand, 4,6-difluorophenylpyridine (dfppy) or 1-phenylisoquinoline (piq) is used as a monoanionic (-1) ligand, and 2,2'-bipyridyl (bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen), 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)benzene (dppb), or 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ethane (dppe) is used as a neutral (0) ligand. The X-ray structures confirm that three coordination carbon atoms of all complexes assume a facial geometry, which can be beneficial to the stability of the structure. More importantly, the emitting color of the complexes can be tuned from deep red/near-infrared (NIR) (680-710 nm) to blue-green (466-496 nm) with different monoanionic (-1) ligands and neutral (0) ligands. Interestingly, the complex Ir5 shows a significant aggregation-induced phosphorescent emission effect, while Ir6 with a similar structure shows an opposite aggregation-caused quenching effect, mainly due to slight differences in the neutral (0) ligand structure. Notably, all deep red/NIR-emitting complexes (Ir1-Ir4) exhibit a distinct charge transfer (CT) excited state from the dianionic (-2) ligand to the neutral (0) ligand according to density functional theory calculations, whereas the excited state of blue-green-emitting complexes (Ir5-Ir6) displays the CT from the dianionic (-2) ligand to the monoanionic (-1) ligand. Considering better stability and optical performance, the deep red-emitting complexes (Ir2 and Ir4) with a simple structure are used as emitting layers of organic light-emitting diode devices and achieved good maximum external quantum efficiency (4.9 and 5.8%) peaking at 676 and 655 nm, respectively, with a very low turn-on voltage (2.5 V). This research provides a good strategy for the design of phosphorescent iridium complexes based on three differently charged (0, -1, and -2) ligands and their optoelectric applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Nengquan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Cao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Chao Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Ruoqi Zeng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Qiuxia Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, P. R. China
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3
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Li Q, Shi C, Huang M, Wu C, Wang H, Wu H, Zheng Y, Yang C, Yuan A. Three Types of Charged Ligands Based Carboxyl-Containing Iridium(III) Complexes: Structures, Photophysics, and Solution Processed OLED Application. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17699-17704. [PMID: 34739254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel family of three types of charged (0, -1, -2) ligands based phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes with different carboxyl-containing dianionic (-2) ligands have been synthesized. Their single-crystal structures show that all neutral complexes (Ir1, Ir2, and Ir3) show a trans-N^N configuration between dianionic (-2) and monoanionic (-1) ligands, which is in contrast with the trans-N^C configuration in cationic complex Ir4, which has an interesting hydrogen bond in the solid state. Notably, Ir4 shows higher luminescence efficiency and an obvious blue shift emission relative to those in Ir1, Ir2, and Ir3. DFT calculations demonstrate that all neutral complexes (Ir1, Ir2, and Ir3) exhibit ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) excited state character from the dianionic (-2) ligand to the neutral (0) ligand, which are completely different from the cationic complex Ir4 that exhibits an LLCT excited state from the monoanionic (-1) ligand to the neutral (0) ligand. Considering better solubility, Ir1 was eventually used in solution-processed OLED and achieved moderate efficiency (6.6%, 14.3 cd A-1, 2.8 lm W-1) with an orange light displaying CIEx,y coordinates of (0.53, 0.46). This work provides a new strategy to construct three types of charged (0, -1, -2) ligands based phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes and extends the range of iridium complex luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Manli Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongzhen Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Haotian Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Yuan
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, People's Republic of China
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4
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Zhang Y, Kao HC, Shi C, Wu C, Zhu M, Li K, Wu CC, Yang C. Iridium(III) Complexes with [-2, -1, 0] Charged Ligand Realized Deep-Red/Near-Infrared Phosphorescent Emission. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103543. [PMID: 34730859 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of [-2, -1, 0] charged-ligand based iridium(III) complexes of [Ir(bph)(bpy)(acac)] (1), [Ir(bph)(2MeO-bpy)(acac)] (2), [Ir(bph)(2CF3 -bpy)(acac)] (3), [Ir(bph)(bpy)(2t Bu-acac)] (4) and [Ir(bph)(bpy)(CF3 -acac)] (5), which using biphenyl as dianionic ligand [-2], acetylacetone (or its derivatives) as monoanionic ligand [-1], and 2,2'-bipyridine (or its derivatives) as neutral ligand [0] were designed and synthesized. The chemical structures were well characterized. All of the ligands have simple chemical structures, thus further making the complexes have excellent thermal stability and are easy to sublimate and purify. Phosphorescent characteristics with short emission lifetime were demonstrated for these emitters. Notably, all of the complexes exhibit remarkable deep red/near infrared emission, which is quite different from the reported [-1, -1, -1] charged-ligand based iridium(III) complexes. The photophysical properties of these complexes are regularly improved by introducing electron-donating or -withdrawing groups into [-1] or [0] charged-ligand. The related organic light-emitting diodes exhibited deep red/near infrared emission with acceptable external quantum efficiency and low turn-on voltage (<2.6 V). This work provides a new idea for the construction of new type phosphorescent iridium(III) emitters with different valence states of [-2, -1, 0] charged ligands, thus offering new opportunities and challenges for their optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Zhang
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Che Kao
- Department of Electrical Engineering and, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao Shi
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212003, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Chengjun Wu
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Minrong Zhu
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Kai Li
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Chung-Chih Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and, Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, 10617, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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5
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Rational design and synthesis of AIE active cationic Ir(III) complexes featuring iminopyridine ligand with dibenzosuberane core. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel K. Mykhailiuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Chemistry Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
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7
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Yuan Y, Gnanasekaran P, Chen YW, Lee GH, Ni SF, Lee CS, Chi Y. Iridium(III) Complexes Bearing a Formal Tetradentate Coordination Chelate: Structural Properties and Phosphorescence Fine-Tuned by Ancillaries. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:523-532. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Premkumar Gnanasekaran
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Gene-Hsiang Lee
- Instrumentational Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yun Chi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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8
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Grzelak I, Orwat B, Kownacki I, Hoffmann M. Quantum-chemical studies of homoleptic iridium(III) complexes in OLEDs: fac versus mer isomers. J Mol Model 2019; 25:154. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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9
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Boyd EA, Lionetti D, Henke WC, Day VW, Blakemore JD. Preparation, Characterization, and Electrochemical Activation of a Model [Cp*Rh] Hydride. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3606-3615. [PMID: 30256096 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Monomeric half-sandwich rhodium hydride complexes are often proposed as intermediates in catalytic cycles, but relatively few such compounds have been isolated and studied, limiting understanding of their properties. Here, we report preparation and isolation of a monomeric rhodium(III) hydride complex bearing the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) and bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene (dppb) ligands. The hydride complex is formed rapidly upon addition of weak acid to a reduced precursor complex, Cp*Rh(dppb). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data for the [Cp*Rh] hydride, which were previously unavailable for this class of compounds, provide evidence of the direct Rh-H interaction. Complementary infrared spectra show the Rh-H stretching frequency at 1986 cm-1. In contrast to results with other [Cp*Rh] complexes bearing diimine ligands, treatment of the isolated hydride with strong acid does not result in H2 evolution. Electrochemical studies reveal that the hydride complex can be reduced only at very negative potentials (ca. -2.5 V vs ferrocenium/ferrocene), resulting in Rh-H bond cleavage and H2 generation. These results are discussed in the context of catalytic H2 generation, and development of design rules for improved catalysts bearing the [Cp*] ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Boyd
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Davide Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Wade C Henke
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Victor W Day
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - James D Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
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10
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Chi Y, Wang SF, Ganesan P. Emissive Iridium(III) Complexes with Phosphorous-Containing Ancillary. CHEM REC 2018; 19:1644-1666. [PMID: 30462368 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ir(III) metal complexes and related emitters bearing all kind of cyclometalated chromophoric chelates and non-chromophoric ancillary are extensively studied during the past three decades. Many of them have been found to display bright room temperature phosphorescence from triplet excited states in both solution and solid states, offering a possible application in contemporary optoelectronic technologies, including organic light emitting diodes, electrochemiluminescence, biological imaging and chemical sensing. Among reported materials, there are Ir(III) complexes with at least one phosphorus (P)-containing ligand and/or ancillary chelate, together with cyclometalates or equivalents that are in control of the actual emission energy. Particularly, possession of P-based donor can lead to divergent structural and photophysical properties compared to the traditional designs. This review aims to provide a literature overview as well as the authors' personal account to the development of relevant Ir(III) based phosphors bearing these P-donors. To the readers' convenience, the contents are subdivided into six sessions, according to whether or not they are charge natural, or with mono- or dianionic electronic character, and in accordance to their divergent bonding modes, i. e. monodentate, bidentate and tripodal coordination. In many cases, the P-based ancillaries offer an easy accessible route to the formation of efficient sky-blue and true-blue emitters due to their π-accepting property, together with enlarged emission energy gap and destabilized upper lying quenching state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Sheng Fu Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Paramaguru Ganesan
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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11
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Li J, Tian Z, Xu Z, Zhang S, Feng Y, Zhang L, Liu Z. Highly potent half-sandwich iridium and ruthenium complexes as lysosome-targeted imaging and anticancer agents. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15772-15782. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02963f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A new class of half-sandwich Ir and Ru compounds containing P^P-chelating ligands can be developed as potential multifunctional theranostic platforms that combine bioimaging and anticancer capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuanJuan Li
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Zhenzhen Tian
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Zhishan Xu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Shumiao Zhang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Yaqian Feng
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Lingdong Zhang
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
| | - Zhe Liu
- Institute of Anticancer Agents Development and Theranostic Application
- The Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis and Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Qufu Normal University
- Qufu 273165
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