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Furevi A, Ruda A, Angles d’Ortoli T, Mobarak H, Ståhle J, Hamark C, Fontana C, Engström O, Apostolica P, Widmalm G. Complete 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift assignments of mono-to tetrasaccharides as basis for NMR chemical shift predictions of oligo- and polysaccharides using the computer program CASPER. Carbohydr Res 2022; 513:108528. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Gao J, Huang X. Recent advances on glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of the proteoglycan linkage region. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2021; 80:95-119. [PMID: 34872657 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are an essential family of glycoproteins, which can play roles in many important biological events including cell proliferation, cancer development, and pathogen infections. Proteoglycans consist of a core protein with one or multiple glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, which are covalently attached to serine residues of serine-glycine dipeptide within the core protein through a common tetrasaccharide linkage. In the past three decades, four key glycosyl transferases involved in the biosynthesis of PG linkage have been discovered and investigated. This review aims to provide an overview on progress made on these four enzymes, with foci on enzyme expression/purification, substrate specificity, activity determination, product characterization, and structure-activity relationship analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.
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Gao J, Lin PH, Nick ST, Huang J, Tykesson E, Ellervik U, Li L, Huang X. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Glycopeptides Bearing Galactose-Xylose Disaccharide from the Proteoglycan Linkage Region. Org Lett 2021; 23:1738-1741. [PMID: 33576634 PMCID: PMC8116978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans have important biological activities. To improve the overall synthetic efficiency, a new chemoenzymatic route has been established for the proteoglycan linkage region bearing a galactose-xylose disaccharide. The xylosylated glycopeptides were synthesized via solid phase synthesis, which was followed by the addition of the galactose unit by the galactosyl transferase β4GalT7. This work leads to a better understanding of the acceptor preference of β4GalT7 and opens the door for expeditious synthesis of the proteoglycan linkage region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Junfeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Emil Tykesson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ellervik
- Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Mastio R, Willén D, Söderlund Z, Westergren-Thorsson G, Manner S, Tykesson E, Ellervik U. Fluorescently labeled xylosides offer insight into the biosynthetic pathways of glycosaminoglycans. RSC Adv 2021; 11:38283-38292. [PMID: 35498069 PMCID: PMC9044174 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra06320k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Five novel xylosides tagged with the fluorescent probe Pacific Blue™ were synthesized and found to act as substrates for β4GalT7, a bottleneck enzyme in the biosynthetic pathways leading to glycosaminoglycans. By confocal microscopy of A549 cells, we showed that the xylosides were taken up by the cells, but did not enter the Golgi apparatus where most of the glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis occurs. Instead, after a possible double galactosylation by β4GalT7 and β3GalT6, the biosynthesis was terminated. We hypothesize this is due to the charge of the fluorescent probe, which is required for fluorescent ability and stability under physiological conditions. Fluorescently labeled xylosides are taken up by cells and initiate priming of labeled GAG chains of various length.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mastio
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Willén
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Zackarias Söderlund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, P. O. Box 117, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Sophie Manner
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Emil Tykesson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, P. O. Box 117, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ellervik
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Centre for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P. O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, P. O. Box 117, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Wen P, Větvička V, Crich D. Synthesis and Evaluation of Oligomeric Thioether-Linked Carbacyclic β-(1→3)-Glucan Mimetics. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5554-5563. [PMID: 30933504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extrapolating from lessons learnt with previous low-molecular-weight β-(1→3)-glucan mimetics, we designed a series of minimal 2,4-dideoxy-thioether-linked carbacyclic β-(1→3)-glucan mimetics and synthesized di-, tri-, and tetramers in an enantiomerically pure form by an iterative sequence based on a simple building block readily available from commercial ( S)-(-)-3-cyclohexenecarboxylic acid. These substances were screened for their ability to inhibit anti-CR3-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) staining of human neutrophils and anti-Dectin-1-FITC staining of mouse macrophages as well as for their ability to stimulate phagocytosis and pinocytosis. In each assay, the synthetic compounds displayed comparable activity to the corresponding native β-(1→3)-glucans, laminaritriose, and tetraose, suggesting that the exploitation of hydrophobic patches in the lectin-binding domains of CR3 and Dectin-1 is a promising strategy for the development of small-molecule analogues of β-(1→3)-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wen
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Václav Větvička
- Department of Pathology , University of Louisville , 323 East Chestnut Street , Louisville , Kentucky 40202 , United States
| | - David Crich
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
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Persson A, Ellervik U, Mani K. Fine-tuning the structure of glycosaminoglycans in living cells using xylosides. Glycobiology 2018; 28:499-511. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Persson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ellervik
- Center for Analysis and Synthesis, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katrin Mani
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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