1
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Nakatani T, Koga A, Goto S, Inoue M, Shigedomi K, Seki K, Araki K, Taira J, Kodama H, Osada S. Importance of isoleucine residue in ion channel formation ability of 11-residue peptaibols. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 110:117839. [PMID: 39029438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Peptaibols are a class of short peptides, typically 7 to 20 amino acids long, characterized by noncanonical amino acid residues such as aminoisobutyric acid (Aib). Although the helix length is shorter than the membrane thickness, the 11-residue peptaibol trichorovin-XII (TV-XII) can form ion channels in membranes. Assuming that a higher proportion of isoleucine (Ile) relative to leucine (Leu) residues is crucial for maintaining the ion channel activity of TV-XII, peptide analogs of TV-XII with varying Ile content were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. The secondary structure of all derivatives under hydrophobic conditions was confirmed by CD measurement as an α-helix-like β-bend ribbon spiral structure. The most stable ion channel activity was found in compound 4a with maximum Ile. Furthermore, the C-terminal Ile analog showed greater ion channel activity compared to the Leu analog. This suggests that the choice between Leu and Ile can influence the expression of ion channel activity, which will be crucial for the de novo designed functional peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Nakatani
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Ami Koga
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Shogo Goto
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Marina Inoue
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Keita Shigedomi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Seki
- Department of Applied Biochemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Kaoru Araki
- Health Care Center, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Junichi Taira
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka 820-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kodama
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Satoshi Osada
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, 1 Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
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2
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Picois N, Bodero L, Milbeo P, Brigaud T, Chaume G. Bimodal Use of Chiral α-Trifluoromethylalanine in Aib Foldamers: Study of the Position Impact Towards the Helical Screw-Sense Preference. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400540. [PMID: 38445775 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Oligomers of the achiral α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) adopt a 310 helical conformation in which the screw-sense preference can be controlled by a single chiral residue. The use of the fluorinated residue α-Trifluoromethylalanine (α-TfmAla) revealed a unique way to both induce and measure the screw-sense preference of such oligomers acting as 19F NMR probe. This work proposes a systematic study of the effect of this fluorinated chiral inducer on the helical screw-sense preference of poly-Aib oligomers. The impact of the position of the fluorinated residue into pentamers (N-terminal, central or C-terminal) as well as the nature of the C-terminal capping of the peptides was thoroughly studied in light of complete structural analysis. A deeper understanding of the fluorine effect was achieved confirming the unique ability of α-TfmAla as a helical screw-sense controller.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Picois
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Lizeth Bodero
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Pierre Milbeo
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Thierry Brigaud
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Grégory Chaume
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 91400, Orsay, France
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3
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Gregorc J, Lensen N, Chaume G, Iskra J, Brigaud T. Trifluoromethylthiolation of Tryptophan and Tyrosine Derivatives: A Tool for Enhancing the Local Hydrophobicity of Peptides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13169-13177. [PMID: 37672679 PMCID: PMC10507666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of fluorinated groups into peptides significantly affects their biophysical properties. We report herein the synthesis of Fmoc-protected trifluoromethylthiolated tyrosine (CF3S-Tyr) and tryptophan (CF3S-Trp) analogues on a gram scale (77-93% yield) and demonstrate their use as highly hydrophobic fluorinated building blocks for peptide chemistry. The developed methodology was successfully applied to the late-stage regioselective trifluoromethylthiolation of Trp residues in short peptides (66-80% yield) and the synthesis of various CF3S-analogues of biologically active monoamines. To prove the concept, Fmoc-(CF3S)Tyr and -Trp were incorporated into the endomorphin-1 chain (EM-1) and into model tripeptides by solid-phase peptide synthesis. A remarkable enhancement of the local hydrophobicity of the trifluoromethylthiolated peptides was quantified by the chromatographic hydrophobicity index determination method, demonstrating the high potential of CF3S-containing amino acids for the rational design of bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jure Gregorc
- Chair
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
- CY
Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, Cergy Pontoise 95000, France
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Nathalie Lensen
- CY
Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, Cergy Pontoise 95000, France
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Grégory Chaume
- CY
Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, Cergy Pontoise 95000, France
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Orsay 91400, France
| | - Jernej Iskra
- Chair
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Thierry Brigaud
- CY
Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BioCIS, Cergy Pontoise 95000, France
- Université
Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, Orsay 91400, France
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4
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Wang S, della Sala F, Cliff MJ, Whitehead GFS, Vitórica-Yrezábal IJ, Webb SJ. Chiral 19F NMR Reporter of Foldamer Conformation in Bilayers. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21648-21657. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, ManchesterM1 7DN, U.K
| | - Flavio della Sala
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, ManchesterM1 7DN, U.K
| | - Matthew J. Cliff
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, ManchesterM1 7DN, U.K
| | | | | | - Simon J. Webb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, ManchesterM13 9PL, U.K
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, ManchesterM1 7DN, U.K
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5
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Bodero L, Guitot K, Lensen N, Lequin O, Brigaud T, Ongeri S, Chaume G. Introducing the Chiral Constrained α-Trifluoromethylalanine in Aib foldamers to Control, Quantify and Assign the Helical Screw-Sense. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103887. [PMID: 34890083 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oligomers of α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) are achiral peptides that adopt 3 10 helical structures with equal population of left- and right-handed conformers. Yet, the screw-sense preference of the helical chain may be controlled by a single chiral residue located at one terminus. 1 H and 19 F NMR, X-ray crystallography and circular dichroism studies on new Aib oligomers show that the incorporation of a chiral quaternary α-trifluoromethylalanine at their N -terminus induces a reversal of the screw-sense preference of the 3 10 -helix compared to that of a non-fluorinated analogue having an l-α-methyl valine residue. This work demonstrates that, among the many particular properties of introducing a trifluoromethyl group into foldamers, its stereo-electronic properties are of major interest to control the helical screw sense. Its use as an easy-to-handle 19 F NMR probe to reliably determine both the magnitude of the screw-sense preference and its sign assignment is also of remarkable interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Université Campus Pierre et Marie Curie: Sorbonne Universite Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, chemistry, FRANCE
| | | | | | - Grégory Chaume
- CY Cergy Paris Universite, Chemistry, 5 mail Gay Lussac, 95000, Cergy-Pontoise, FRANCE
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6
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Sanchez CA, Gadais C, Chaume G, Girard S, Chelain E, Brigaud T. Enantiopure 5-CF 3-Proline: Synthesis, Incorporation in Peptides, and Tuning of the Peptide Bond Geometry. Org Lett 2021; 23:382-387. [PMID: 33369434 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The straightforward synthesis of enantiopure 5-(R)-and 5-(S)-trifluoromethylproline is reported. The key steps are a Ruppert-Prakash reagent addition on l-pyroglutamic esters followed by an elimination reaction and a selective reduction. The solution-phase and solid-phase incorporation of this unprotected enantiopure fluorinated amino acid in a short peptide chain was demonstrated. Compared to proline, the CF3 group provides a decrease of the trans to cis amide bond isomerization energy and an increase of the cis conformer population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément A Sanchez
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Charlène Gadais
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Grégory Chaume
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sylvaine Girard
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Evelyne Chelain
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Thierry Brigaud
- CNRS, BioCIS, CY Cergy Paris Université, 95000 Cergy Pontoise, France.,CNRS, BioCIS, Université Paris-Saclay, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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7
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Monitoring the Site-Specific Solid-State NMR Data in Oligopeptides. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082700. [PMID: 32295042 PMCID: PMC7215618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable values of the solid-state NMR (SSNMR) parameters together with precise structural data specific for a given amino acid site in an oligopeptide are needed for the proper interpretation of measurements aiming at an understanding of oligopeptides' function. The periodic density functional theory (DFT)-based computations of geometries and SSNMR chemical shielding tensors (CSTs) of solids are shown to be accurate enough to support the SSNMR investigations of suitably chosen models of oriented samples of oligopeptides. This finding is based on a thorough comparison between the DFT and experimental data for a set of tripeptides with both 13Cα and 15Namid CSTs available from the single-crystal SSNMR measurements and covering the three most common secondary structural elements of polypeptides. Thus, the ground is laid for a quantitative description of local spectral parameters of crystalline oligopeptides, as demonstrated for the backbone 15Namid nuclei of samarosporin I, which is a pentadecapeptide (composed of five classical and ten nonproteinogenic amino acids) featuring a strong antimicrobial activity.
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8
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Drouin M, Wadhwani P, Grage SL, Bürck J, Reichert J, Tremblay S, Mayer MS, Diel C, Staub A, Paquin JF, Ulrich AS. Monofluoroalkene-Isostere as a 19 F NMR Label for the Peptide Backbone: Synthesis and Evaluation in Membrane-Bound PGLa and (KIGAKI) 3. Chemistry 2020; 26:1511-1517. [PMID: 31867761 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state 19 F NMR is a powerful method to study the interactions of biologically active peptides with membranes. So far, in labelled peptides, the 19 F-reporter group has always been installed on the side chain of an amino acid. Given the fact that monofluoroalkenes are non-hydrolyzable peptide bond mimics, we have synthesized a monofluoroalkene-based dipeptide isostere, Val-Ψ[(Z)-CF=CH]-Gly, and inserted it in the sequence of two well-studied antimicrobial peptides: PGLa and (KIGAKI)3 are representatives of an α-helix and a β-sheet. The conformations and biological activities of these labeled peptides were studied to assess the suitability of monofluoroalkenes for 19 F NMR structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Drouin
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Parvesh Wadhwani
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan L Grage
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jochen Bürck
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Johannes Reichert
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sébastien Tremblay
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie Sabine Mayer
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Diel
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Staub
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- PROTEO, CCVC, Département de chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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9
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Das S, Ben Haj Salah K, Djibo M, Inguimbert N. Peptaibols as a model for the insertions of chemical modifications. Arch Biochem Biophys 2018; 658:16-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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10
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Reißer S, Strandberg E, Steinbrecher T, Elstner M, Ulrich AS. Best of Two Worlds? How MD Simulations of Amphiphilic Helical Peptides in Membranes Can Complement Data from Oriented Solid-State NMR. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:6002-6014. [PMID: 30289704 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The membrane alignment of helical amphiphilic peptides in oriented phospholipid bilayers can be obtained as ensemble and time averages from solid state 2H NMR by fitting the quadrupolar splittings to ideal α-helices. At the same time, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can provide atomistic insight into peptide-membrane systems. Here, we evaluate the potential of MD simulations to complement the experimental NMR data that is available on three exemplary systems: the natural antimicrobial peptide PGLa and the two designer-made peptides MSI-103 and KIA14, whose sequences were derived from PGLa. Each peptide was simulated for 1 μs in a DMPC lipid bilayer. We calculated from the MD simulations the local angles which define the side chain geometry with respect to the peptide helix. The peptide orientation was then calculated (i) directly from the simulation, (ii) from back-calculated MD-derived NMR splittings, and (iii) from experimental 2H NMR splittings. Our findings are that (1) the membrane orientation and secondary structure of the peptides found in the NMR analysis are generally well reproduced by the simulations; (2) the geometry of the side chains with respect to the helix backbone can deviate significantly from the ideal structure depending on the specific residue, but on average all side chains have the same orientation; and (3) for all of our peptides, the azimuthal rotation angle found from the MD-derived splittings is about 15° smaller than the experimental value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Reißer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Erik Strandberg
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT , P.O. Box 3640, 76012 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Thomas Steinbrecher
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, KIT , Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Marcus Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, KIT , Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany.,Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT , P.O. Box 3640, 76012 Karlsruhe , Germany
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11
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Kubyshkin V, Pridma S, Budisa N. Comparative effects of trifluoromethyl- and methyl-group substitutions in proline. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj02631a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
What is the outcome of trifluoromethyl-/methyl-substitution in each position of the proline ring? Look inside to find out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Biocatalysis Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Technical University of Berlin
- Berlin 10623
- Germany
| | | | - Nediljko Budisa
- Biocatalysis Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Technical University of Berlin
- Berlin 10623
- Germany
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12
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Oliver M, Gadais C, García-Pindado J, Teixidó M, Lensen N, Chaume G, Brigaud T. Trifluoromethylated proline analogues as efficient tools to enhance the hydrophobicity and to promote passive diffusion transport of the l-prolyl-l-leucyl glycinamide (PLG) tripeptide. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14597-14602. [PMID: 35540789 PMCID: PMC9079923 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02511h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of trifluoromethylated proline analogues in the tripeptide PLG enhances its hydrophobicity and promotes passive diffusion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Oliver
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise
- France
| | - Charlène Gadais
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise
- France
| | - Júlia García-Pindado
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Nathalie Lensen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise
- France
| | - Grégory Chaume
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise
- France
| | - Thierry Brigaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB)
- Université de Cergy-Pontoise
- 95031 Cergy-Pontoise
- France
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