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Bibik YS, Khomenko DM, Doroshchuk RO, Raspertova IV, Bargan A, Lampeka RD. Synthesis and crystal structure of N1, N2-di-methyl-ethane-dihydrazide. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2024; 80:148-151. [PMID: 38333116 PMCID: PMC10848980 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989024000239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The title compound, N 1,N 2-di-methyl-ethane-dihydrazide, C4H10N4O2, was obtained by the methyl-ation of oxalyl dihydrazide protected with phthalimide. The mol-ecule is essentially non-planar with a dihedral angle between the two planar hydrazide fragments of 86.5 (2)°. This geometry contributes to the formation of a multi-contact three-dimensional supra-molecular network via C-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii S. Bibik
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska St 64, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro M. Khomenko
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska St 64, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill St 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Roman O. Doroshchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska St 64, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill St 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Ilona V. Raspertova
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska St 64, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill St 78, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Alexandra Bargan
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Rostyslav D. Lampeka
- Department of Chemistry, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, Volodymyrska St 64, Kyiv, Ukraine
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2
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Xu M, Wang T, Zhang C, Kuang BL, Xie ZM, Yi ZX, Lu ZJ, Li Y, Zhu S, Zhang JG. Preparation of Highly Energetic Coordination Compounds with Rich Oxidants and Lower Sensitivity Based on Methyl Groups. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:21371-21378. [PMID: 38047563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Revamping the structure of energy storage is an efficient strategy for striking a balance between the performance and sensitivity of energetic materials to achieve high energy and reduced sensitivity. In continuation of prior research, this study utilized the ligand 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonhydrazide (DMPZCA) and innovatively designed and synthesized the compound ECCs [Cu(HDMPZCA)2(ClO4)2](ClO4)2·2H2O (ECCs-1·2H2O). Compared with the former research, solvent-free compound ECCs-1 refers to an innovative material characterized by a dual structure involving ionic salts and coordination compounds. Due to these unique structures, ECCs-1 exhibits an increased [ClO4-] content, a higher oxygen balance constant (OB = -7.9%), and improved mechanical sensitivity (IS = 8 J, FS = 32 N). Theoretical calculations support the superior detonation performance of ECCs-1. Additionally, experimental results confirm its ignition capability through lower-threshold lasers and highlight the outstanding initiation potential and explosive power, making it a suitable candidate for primary explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tingwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bao-Long Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhen-Xin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Zu-Jia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shunguan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Lan CB, Auclair K. Ammonium Chloride‐Promoted Rapid Synthesis of Monosubstituted Ureas under Microwave Irradiation. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Blue Lan
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Karine Auclair
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A 0B8 Canada
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Shem-Tov D, Petrutik N, Wurzenberger MHH, Meincke M, Flaxer E, Tumanskii B, Zhang L, Dobrovetsky R, Fleischer S, Klapötke TM, Stierstorfer J. Low-Power Laser Ignition of an Antenna-Type Secondary Energetic Copper Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, Evaluation, and Ignition Mechanism Studies. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:10909-10922. [PMID: 34292708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, development of new energetic compounds and formulations, suitable for ignition with relatively low-power lasers, is a highly active and competitive field of research. The main goal of these efforts is focused on achieving and providing much safer solutions for various detonator and initiator systems. In this work, we prepared, characterized, and studied thermal and ignition properties of a new laser-ignitable compound, based on the 5,6-bis(ethylnitroamino)-N'2,N'3-dihydroxypyrazine-2,3-bis(carboximidamide) (DS3) proligand. This new energetic proligand was prepared in three steps, starting with 5,6-bis(ethylamino)-pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile. Crystallography studies of the DS3-derived Cu(II) complex (DS4) revealed a unique stacked antenna-type structure of the latter compound. DS4 has an exothermal temperature of 154.5 °C and was calculated to exhibit a velocity of detonation of 6.36 km·s-1 and a detonation pressure of 15.21 GPa. DS4 showed properties of a secondary explosive, having sensitivity to impact, friction, and electrostatic discharge of 8 J, 360 N, and 12 mJ, respectively. In order to study the mechanism of ignition by a laser (using a diode laser, 915 nm), we conducted a set of experiments that enabled us to characterize a photothermal ignition mechanism. Furthermore, we found that a single pulse, with a time duration of 1 ms and with a total energy of 4.6 mJ, was sufficient for achieving a consistent and full ignition of DS4. Dual-pulse experiments, with variable time intervals between the laser pulses, showed that DS4 undergoes ignition via a photothermal mechanism. Finally, calculating the chemical mechanism of the formation of the complex DS4 and modeling its anhydrous and hydrated crystal structures (density functional theory calculations using Gaussian and HASEM software) allowed us to pinpoint a more precise location of water molecules in experimental crystallographic data. These results suggest that DS4 has potential for further development to a higher technology readiness level and for integration into small-size safe detonator systems as for many civil, aerospace, and defense applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shem-Tov
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Natan Petrutik
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Chemistry Department, Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Yavne 81800, Israel
| | | | - Melanie Meincke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, München 81377, Germany
| | - Eli Flaxer
- Afeka, Tel-Aviv Academic College of Engineering, 218 Bney Efrayim Road, Tel-Aviv 69107, Israel
| | - Boris Tumanskii
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAEP Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, Beijing 100088, China.,Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Sharly Fleischer
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Thomas M Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, München 81377, Germany
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, München 81377, Germany
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Wang T, Zhang Q, Deng H, Shang L, Chen D, Li Y, Zhu S, Li H. Evolution of Oxidizing Inorganic Metal Salts: Ultrafast Laser Initiation Materials Based on Energetic Cationic Coordination Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:41523-41530. [PMID: 31596569 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An effective and novel design strategy for ultrafast laser-initiating materials has been established on the basis of coordination chemistry for the first time in the present work. In view of the positive effect of Ag ion and perchlorate on laser sensitivity, silver perchlorate as a representative of oxidizing inorganic metal salts was used to construct energetic cationic coordination polymers (ECCPs), which solved the inconvenient situation caused by the difficulty in applying these salts directly in energetic materials because of the unavoidable hygroscopicity and the inhomogeneity of physical mixtures of oxidants and reductants. With the nonenergetic nitrogen-rich ligand 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-carbohydrazide (ATCA), one new laser-sensitive Ag(I)-based ECCP [Ag(ATCA)ClO4]n (1) was successfully synthesized with a compact helical structure proved by X-ray single-diffraction crystal data. The physicochemical property evaluation revealed that this Ag-ECCP was not only completely devoid of the undesirable properties of the silver perchlorate and displayed excellent tolerance to moisture and noncorrosive properties to metal shells, but was also endowed with good thermal stability and excellent safety for mechanical stimulation. Moreover, theoretical calculations based on the standard molar enthalpy of formation and the lead plate explosive test as the actual damage experiment have proved that the compound has a superior detonation performance (up to 6800 m s-1 and 0.511 kcal g-1) compared to the traditional primary explosives. More importantly, the laser-initiation-experiment-based femtosecond laser-testing system and high-speed photography demonstrated that this ECCP was an energetic material with great potential for application in the safety detonator as an ultrafast photosensitive initiating material for laser direct initiation, whose initiation delay time is as low as 73 ms using only 200 mJ initiation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621900 , Sichuan , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621900 , Sichuan , China
| | - Hu Deng
- School of Information Engineering , Southwest University of Science and Technology , Mianyang 621010 , China
| | - Liping Shang
- School of Information Engineering , Southwest University of Science and Technology , Mianyang 621010 , China
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621900 , Sichuan , China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , 200 Xiaolingwei Street , Xuanwu, Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Shunguan Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , 200 Xiaolingwei Street , Xuanwu, Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Hongzhen Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials , China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621900 , Sichuan , China
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6
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Ilyushin MA, Kotomin AA, Dushenok SA. Energy-Saturated Metal Complexes. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793119010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zeisel L, Szimhardt N, Wurzenberger MHH, Klapötke TM, Stierstorfer J. 2-Methyl-substituted monotetrazoles in copper(ii) perchlorate complexes: manipulating coordination chemistry and derived energetic properties. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05375h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several new energetic coordination compounds (ECC) have been prepared using two 2-methyl-substituted tetrazoles. By simply changing the reaction conditions, the coordination sphere of the metal center can be manipulated in order to obtain different complexes with varying energetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Zeisel
- Department of Chemistry
- Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
- D-81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Norbert Szimhardt
- Department of Chemistry
- Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
- D-81377 Munich
- Germany
| | | | - Thomas M. Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry
- Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
- D-81377 Munich
- Germany
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry
- Ludwig Maximilian University Munich
- D-81377 Munich
- Germany
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Szimhardt N, Wurzenberger MHH, Zeisel L, Gruhne MS, Lommel M, Klapötke TM, Stierstorfer J. 1-AminoTriazole Transition-Metal Complexes as Laser-Ignitable and Lead-Free Primary Explosives. Chemistry 2018; 25:1963-1974. [PMID: 30144189 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This unique complex study describes two isomeric aminotriazoles as auspicious nitrogen-rich ligands for energetic coordination compounds (ECCs) to replace the commonly used highly poisonous and environmentally harmful lead-based primary explosives. The triazoles were obtained by easily scalable and convenient synthetic routes starting solely from commercially available starting materials. 1-Amino-1,2,3-triazole (1, 1-ATRI) and, for the first time, 1-amino-1,2,4-triazole (2, 1A-1,2,4-TRI) were employed as ligands to form highly energetic transition-metal(II) complexes. The desired characteristics could be altered successively by using various nonpoisonous metal(II) centers (Cu2+ , Mn2+ , Fe2+ , and Zn2+ ) and anions (Cl- , NO3 - , ClO3 - , ClO4 - , picrate, styphnate, 2,4,6-trinitro-3-hydroxyphenolate, and 2,4,6-trinitro-3,5-dihydroxyphenolate). The 14 synthesized coordination compounds were characterized comprehensively by XRD, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential thermal and thermogravimetric analyses. Ball-drop impact, electrostatic discharge (ESD), and mechanical (impact and friction) sensitivities were determined according to BAM standard methods. In addition to laser ignition experiments, selected ECCs were evaluated in classical secondary explosive initiation tests (detonators filled with pentaerythritol tetranitrate (nitropenta)), which revealed their enormous potential and proved them to be very attractive for future applications in explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Szimhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Lukas Zeisel
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael S Gruhne
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Lommel
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
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