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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2017-2018. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:227-431. [PMID: 34719822 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2018. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to glycan and glycoprotein analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. Topics covered in the first part of the review include general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, new methods, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation and the use of arrays. The second part of the review is devoted to applications to various structural types such as oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Most of the applications are presented in tabular form. The third part of the review covers medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. The reported work shows increasing use of combined new techniques such as ion mobility and highlights the impact that MALDI imaging is having across a range of diciplines. MALDI is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and the range of applications continue steady progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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2
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Kasal P, Jindřich J. Mono-6-Substituted Cyclodextrins-Synthesis and Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:5065. [PMID: 34443653 PMCID: PMC8400779 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are well known supramolecular hosts used in a wide range of applications. Monosubstitution of native cyclodextrins in the position C-6 of a glucose unit represents the simplest method how to achieve covalent binding of a well-defined host unit into the more complicated systems. These derivatives are relatively easy to prepare; that is why the number of publications describing their preparations exceeds 1400, and the reported synthetic methods are often very similar. Nevertheless, it might be very demanding to decide which of the published methods is the best one for the intended purpose. In the review, we aim to present only the most useful and well-described methods for preparing different types of mono-6-substituted derivatives. We also discuss the common problems encountered during their syntheses and suggest their optimal solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jindřich Jindřich
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
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3
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Eom T, Barát V, Khan A, Stuparu MC. Aggregation-free and high stability core-shell polymer nanoparticles with high fullerene loading capacity, variable fullerene type, and compatibility towards biological conditions. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4949-4957. [PMID: 34163742 PMCID: PMC8179596 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc00602a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fullerenes have unique structural and electronic properties that make them attractive candidates for diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic applications. However, their poor water solubility remains a limiting factor in realizing their full biomedical potential. Here, we present an approach based on a combination of supramolecular and covalent chemistry to access well-defined fullerene-containing polymer nanoparticles with a core-shell structure. In this approach, solvophobic forces and aromatic interactions first come into play to afford a micellar structure with a poly(ethylene glycol) shell and a corannulene-based fullerene-rich core. Covalent stabilization of the supramolecular assembly then affords core-crosslinked polymer nanoparticles. The shell makes these nanoparticles biocompatible and allows them to be dried to a solid and redispersed in water without inducing interparticle aggregation. The core allows a high content of different fullerene types to be encapsulated. Finally, covalent stabilization endows nanostructures with stability against changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejun Eom
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University 02841 Seoul Korea
| | - Viktor Barát
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore
| | - Anzar Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University 02841 Seoul Korea
| | - Mihaiela C Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link 637371 Singapore
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Esbah Tabaei PS, Asadian M, Ghobeira R, Cools P, Thukkaram M, Derakhshandeh PG, Abednatanzi S, Van Der Voort P, Verbeken K, Vercruysse C, Declercq H, Morent R, De Geyter N. Combinatorial effects of coral addition and plasma treatment on the properties of chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibers intended for bone tissue engineering. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 253:117211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Liu G, Hong J, Ma K, Wan Y, Zhang X, Huang Y, Kang K, Yang M, Chen J, Deng S. Porphyrin Trio−Pendant fullerene guest as an In situ universal probe of high ECL efficiency for sensitive miRNA detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 150:111963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Van Guyse JFR, de la Rosa VR, Lund R, De Bruyne M, De Rycke R, Filippov SK, Hoogenboom R. Striking Effect of Polymer End-Group on C 60 Nanoparticle Formation by High Shear Vibrational Milling with Alkyne-Functionalized Poly(2-oxazoline)s. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:172-176. [PMID: 35619425 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Buckminsterfullerene (C60) has a large potential for biomedical applications. However, the main challenge for the realization of its biomedical application potential is to overcome its extremely low water solubility. One approach is the coformulation with biocompatible water-soluble polymers, such as poly(2-oxazoline)s (PAOx), to form water-soluble C60 nanoparticles (NPs). However, uniform and defined NPs have only been obtained via a thin film hydration method or using cyclodextrin-functionalized PAOx. Here, we report the mechanochemical preparation of defined and stable C60:PAOx NPs by the introduction of a simple alkyne group as a polymer end-group. The presence of this alkyne bond is proven to be crucial in the mechanochemical synthesis of stable, defined sub-100 nm C60:PAOx NPs, with high C60 content up to 8.9 wt %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim F. R. Van Guyse
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Victor R. de la Rosa
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Reidar Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michiel De Bruyne
- Ghent University, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium and VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy and VIB BioImaging Core, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Ghent University, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium and VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy and VIB BioImaging Core, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sergey K. Filippov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Di Giosia M, Nicolini F, Ferrazzano L, Soldà A, Valle F, Cantelli A, Marforio TD, Bottoni A, Zerbetto F, Montalti M, Rapino S, Tolomelli A, Calvaresi M. Stable and Biocompatible Monodispersion of C 60 in Water by Peptides. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:808-814. [PMID: 30616344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The lack of solubility in water and the formation of aggregates hamper many opportunities for technological exploitation of C60. Here, different peptides were designed and synthesized with the aim of monomolecular dispersion of C60 in water. Phenylalanines were used as recognizing moieties, able to interact with C60 through π-π stacking, while a varying number of glycines were used as spacers, to connect the two terminal phenylalanines. The best performance in the dispersion of C60 was obtained with the FGGGF peptidic nanotweezer at a pH of 12. A full characterization of this adduct was carried out. The peptides disperse C60 in water with high efficiency, and the solutions are stable for months both in pure water and in physiological environments. NMR measurements demonstrated the ability of the peptides to interact with C60. AFM measurements showed that C60 is monodispersed. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry determined a stoichiometry of C60@(FGGGF)4. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that the peptides assemble around the C60 cage, like a candy in its paper wrapper, creating a supramolecular host able to accept C60 in the cavity. The peptide-wrapped C60 is fully biocompatible and the C60 "dark toxicity" is eliminated. C60@(FGGGF)4 shows visible light-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at physiological saline concentrations and reduction of the HeLa cell viability in response to visible light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Di Giosia
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" , Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna , Via Francesco Selmi, 2 - 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Federica Nicolini
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" , Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna , Via Francesco Selmi, 2 - 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Lucia Ferrazzano
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" , Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna , Via Francesco Selmi, 2 - 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alice Soldà
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" , Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna , Via Francesco Selmi, 2 - 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Francesco Valle
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, ISMN-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy
| | - Andrea Cantelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" , Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna , Via Francesco Selmi, 2 - 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Tainah Dorina Marforio
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" , Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna , Via Francesco Selmi, 2 - 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Andrea Bottoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" , Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna , Via Francesco Selmi, 2 - 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" , Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna , Via Francesco Selmi, 2 - 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Marco Montalti
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" , Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna , Via Francesco Selmi, 2 - 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" , Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna , Via Francesco Selmi, 2 - 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alessandra Tolomelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" , Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna , Via Francesco Selmi, 2 - 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician" , Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna , Via Francesco Selmi, 2 - 40126 Bologna , Italy
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Van Guyse JFR, Mees MA, Vergaelen M, Baert M, Verbraeken B, Martens PJ, Hoogenboom R. Amidation of methyl ester side chain bearing poly(2-oxazoline)s with tyramine: a quest for a selective and quantitative approach. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new amidation approaches are evaluated to incorporate tyramine on methyl ester functional poly(2-oxazolines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim F. R. Van Guyse
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
| | - Maarten A. Mees
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
| | - Maarten Vergaelen
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
| | - Mathijs Baert
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
| | - Bart Verbraeken
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
| | - Penny J. Martens
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering
- UNSW Sydney
- Sydney 2052
- Australia
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC)
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University Krijgslaan 281 S4
- 9000 Ghent
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