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Slimani SL, Kostecki R, Kursunlu AN, Kee TW, Tapping PC, Mak AM, Quach JQ. Experimental and computational characterisation of an artificial light harvesting complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4743-4753. [PMID: 36691831 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03858g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis has been shown to be a highly efficient process for energy transfer in plants and bacteria. Like natural photosynthetic systems, the artificial light harvesting complex (LHC) BODIPY pillar[5]arene exhibits Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). However, extensive characterisation of the BODIPY pillar[5]arene LHC to determine its suitability as an artificial LHC has yet to occur. In this paper we experimentally and computationally investigate the photophysical properties of the LHC by comparing the light absorption of the BODIPY LHC to individual BODIPY chromophores. Our results show evidence for quantum coherence, with oscillation frequencies of 100 cm-1 and 600 cm-1, which are attributable to vibronic, or exciton-phonon type coupling. Computational analysis suggests strong couplings of the molecular orbitals of the LHC resulting from the stacking of neighbouring BODIPY chromophore units. Interestingly, we find a 40% reduction in the absorbance of light for the BODIPY LHC compared to the individual chromophores which we attribute to electronic interactions between the conjugated π-systems of the BODIPY chromophores and the pillar[5]arene backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina L Slimani
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) and School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Roman Kostecki
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) and School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ahmed Nuri Kursunlu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Selçuk, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Tak W Kee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Patrick C Tapping
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Adrian M Mak
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - James Q Quach
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) and School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.,Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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2
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Joseph J, Bauroth S, Charisiadis A, Charalambidis G, Coutsolelos AG, Guldi DM. Cascades of energy and electron transfer in a panchromatic absorber. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9304-9312. [PMID: 35758634 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02404g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The investigation of molecular model systems is fundamental towards a deeper understanding of key photochemical steps in natural photosynthesis. Herein, we report an entirely non-covalent triad consisting of boron dipyrromethene (BDP), porphyrin (ZnP), and fullerene (C60). Non-covalent binding motifs such as an amidinium-carboxylate salt bridge as well as axial pyridyl-metal coordination offer substantial electronic coupling and establish efficient pathways for photoactivated energy and electron transfer processes along a well-tuned gradient. Experimental findings from steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic assays, as well as (spectro-)electrochemical measurements corroborate the formation of BDP|ZnP|C60 in solution, on one hand, and significant communication in the excited states, on the other hand. BDP acts as an energy harvesting antenna towards ZnP, which eventually undergoes charge separation with C60 by electron transfer from ZnP to C60. Notably, full spectral deconvolution of the transient species was achieved, supporting the successful self-assembly as well as giving a clear view onto the occurring photophysical processes and their spectral footprints upon photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Bauroth
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Asterios Charisiadis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Athanassios G Coutsolelos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Voutes Campus, P.O. Box 2208, 71003 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser (IESL)Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Vassilika Vouton, GR 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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3
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Alkorbi F, Díaz‐Moscoso A, Gretton J, Chambrier I, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Hughes DL, Cammidge AN. Complementary Syntheses Giving Access to a Full Suite of Differentially Substituted Phthalocyanine‐Porphyrin Hybrids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faeza Alkorbi
- School of Chemistry University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | | | - Jacob Gretton
- School of Chemistry University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Isabelle Chambrier
- School of Chemistry University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service Chemistry University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service Chemistry University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - David L. Hughes
- School of Chemistry University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Andrew N. Cammidge
- School of Chemistry University of East Anglia Norwich Research Park Norwich NR4 7TJ UK
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4
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Alkorbi F, Díaz‐Moscoso A, Gretton J, Chambrier I, Tizzard GJ, Coles SJ, Hughes DL, Cammidge AN. Complementary Syntheses Giving Access to a Full Suite of Differentially Substituted Phthalocyanine-Porphyrin Hybrids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7632-7636. [PMID: 33428323 PMCID: PMC8048519 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Phthalocyanines and porphyrins are often the scaffolds of choice for use in widespread applications. Synthetic advances allow bespoke derivatives to be made, tailoring their properties. The selective synthesis of unsymmetrical systems, particularly phthalocyanines, has remained a significant unmet challenge. Porphyrin-phthalocyanine hybrids offer the potential to combine the favorable features of both parent structures, but again synthetic strategies are poorly developed. Here we demonstrate strategies that give straightforward, controlled access to differentially substituted meso-aryl-tetrabenzotriazaporphyrins by reaction between an aryl-aminoisoindolene (A) initiator and a complementary phthalonitrile (B). The choice of precursors and reaction conditions allows selective preparation of 1:3 Ar-ABBB and, uniquely, 2:2 Ar-ABBA functionalized hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeza Alkorbi
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | | | - Jacob Gretton
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Isabelle Chambrier
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Graham J. Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography ServiceChemistry University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - Simon J. Coles
- UK National Crystallography ServiceChemistry University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO17 1BJUK
| | - David L. Hughes
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
| | - Andrew N. Cammidge
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7TJUK
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5
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Bettini S, Valli L, Giancane G. Applications of Photoinduced Phenomena in Supramolecularly Arranged Phthalocyanine Derivatives: A Perspective. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163742. [PMID: 32824375 PMCID: PMC7463501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the description of several examples of supramolecular assemblies of phthalocyanine derivatives differently functionalized and interfaced with diverse kinds of chemical species for photo-induced phenomena applications. In fact, the role of different substituents was investigated in order to tune peculiar aggregates formation as well as, with the same aim, the possibility to interface these derivatives with other molecular species, as electron donor and acceptor, carbon allotropes, cyclodextrins, protein cages, drugs. Phthalocyanine photo-physical features are indeed really interesting and appealing but need to be preserved and optimized. Here, we highlight that the supramolecular approach is a versatile method to build up very complex and functional architectures. Further, the possibility to minimize the organization energy and to facilitate the spontaneous assembly of the molecules, in numerous examples, has been demonstrated to be more useful and performing than the covalent approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bettini
- Department of Engineering of Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology, INSTM, Via Giuseppe Giusti, 9, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Ludovico Valli
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology, INSTM, Via Giuseppe Giusti, 9, 50121 Florence, Italy;
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Gabriele Giancane
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology, INSTM, Via Giuseppe Giusti, 9, 50121 Florence, Italy;
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Salento, Via D. Birago, 64, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Kim T, Duan Z, Talukdar S, Lei C, Kim D, Sessler JL, Sarma T. Excitonically Coupled Cyclic BF
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Arrays of Calix[8]‐ and Calix[16]phyrin as Near‐IR‐Chromophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taeyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Zhiming Duan
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Sangita Talukdar
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Department of Physics College of Science Shanghai University 99 Shang-Da Road Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Chuanhu Lei
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Korea
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
| | - Tridib Sarma
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of Science Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
- Department of Chemistry The University of Texas at Austin 105 East 24th Street, Stop A5300 Austin TX 78712-1224 USA
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7
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Excitonically Coupled Cyclic BF
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Arrays of Calix[8]‐ and Calix[16]phyrin as Near‐IR‐Chromophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13063-13070. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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8
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Ömeroğlu İ, Şenocak A, Yetkin H, Güney HY, Demirbaş E, Durmuş M. BODIPY substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine and its bulk heterojunction application in solar cells. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619501360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel asymmetrical zinc(II) phthalocyanine-BODIPY conjugate (ZnPc-BODIPY) bearing three iodine groups directly substituted to the macrocycle and one BODIPY connected to the macrocycle with an amide bond was synthesized by the reaction of carboxylic-acid-substituted asymmetrical zinc(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) with the BODIPY-derivative-bearing amino group (BODIPY-NH2). This conjugate was fully characterized by spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H NMR, 11B NMR, 19F NMR and mass) and elemental analysis. The fluorescence behavior of ZnPc-BODIPY was studied to determine the energy transfer process. Voltammetry measurements (CV and SWV) were performed to specify the HOMO–LUMO energy levels and band gaps of ZnPc-BODIPY and starting compounds (ZnPc and BODIPY-NH2) for comparison. In addition, the band gaps of these compounds were also determined by UV-vis absorption onset (λonset) and theoretical calculations. Bulk heterojunction solar cells containing ZnPc-BODIPY were fabricated in the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ZnPc-BODIPY:PCBM/Al. The photovoltaic parameters of the solar cell were obtained and the ZnPc-BODIPY conjugate was found to bring spectral contribution to IPCE at a peak of 510 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- İpek Ömeroğlu
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Şenocak
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hazel Yetkin
- Kocaeli University, Department of Physics, Izmit, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - H. Yüksel Güney
- Kocaeli University, Department of Physics, Izmit, 41380, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Erhan Demirbaş
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Durmuş
- Gebze Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Gebze, 41400, Kocaeli, Turkey
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9
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Wu ZY, Yang SY. Synthesis, spectral and redox properties of closely spaced pyrrole-β-position-linked porphyrin-fullerene dyads. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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10
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Zarrabi N, Obondi CO, Lim GN, Seetharaman S, Boe BG, D'Souza F, Poddutoori PK. Charge-separation in panchromatic, vertically positioned bis(donor styryl)BODIPY-aluminum(iii) porphyrin-fullerene supramolecular triads. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:20723-20739. [PMID: 30398274 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06649c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Three, broad band capturing, vertically aligned supramolecular triads, R2-BDP-AlPorF3←Im-C60 [R = H, styryl (C2H2-Ph), C2H2-TPA (TPA = triphenylamine); ← = coordinate bond], have been constructed using BODIPY derivative (BDP, BDP-Ph2 or BDP-TPA2), 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(3,4,5-trifluorophenyl)aluminum(iii) porphyrin (AlPorF3) and fullerene (C60) entities. The C60 and BDP units are bound to the Al center on the opposite faces of the porphyrin: the BDP derivative through a covalent axial bond using a benzoate spacer and the C60 through a coordination bond via an appended imidazole. Owing to the bis-styryl functionality on BDP, the constructed dyads and triads exhibited panchromatic light capture. Due to the diverse absorption and redox properties of the selected entities, it was possible to demonstrate excitation wavelength dependent photochemical events. In the case of the BDP-AlPorF3 dyad, selective excitation of BDP resulted in singlet-singlet energy transfer to AlPorF3 (kEnT = 1.0 × 1010 s-1). On the other hand, excitation of the AlPorF3 entity in the BDP-AlPorF3←Im-C60 triad revealed charge separation leading to the BDP-(AlPorF3)˙+-(C60)˙- charge separated state (kCS = 2.43 × 109 s-1). In the case of the Ph2-BDP-AlPorF3 dyad, energy transfer from 1AlPorF3* to 1(Ph2-BDP)* was witnessed (kEnT = 1.0 × 1010 s-1); however, upon assembling the supramolecular triad, (Ph2-BDP)-AlPorF3←Im-C60, electron transfer from 1AlPorF3* to C60 (kCS = 3.35 × 109 s-1), followed by hole shift (kHS = 1.00 × 109 s-1) to Ph2-BDP, was witnessed. Finally, in the case of the TPA2-BDP-AlPorF3←Im-C60 triad, only electron transfer leading to the (TPA2-BDP)˙+-AlPorF3←Im-(C60)˙- charge separated state, and no energy transfer, was observed. The facile oxidation of Ph2-BDP and TPA2-BDP compared to AlPorF3 in the latter two triads facilitated charge separation through either an electron migration or hole transfer mechanism depending on the initial excitation. The charge-separated states in these triads persisted for about 20 ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Zarrabi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1039 University Drive, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, USA.
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Yabaş E, Sülü M, Dumludağ F, Salih B, Bekaroğlu Ö. Imidazole octasubstituted novel mono and double-decker phthalocyanines: Synthesis, characterization, electrical and gas sensing properties. Polyhedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2018.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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12
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Wang X, Liu C, Wang T, Jiang J. Air–water interfacial assembly of all-aromatic-substituted double-decker phthalocyanine forms aligned nanoparticles. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript, unexpected supramolecular assembly of [Formula: see text]-conjugated molecules containing complex aromatic substituents was investigated. The air–water interfacial assembly of double-decker phthalocyanines containing sixteen phenol substituents (Ce(Pc2)[Formula: see text] and Y(Pc2)[Formula: see text] form aligned nanoparticles. Depending on the different surface pressure, the Ce(Pc2)[Formula: see text] self-assembled nanostructures can be regulated thoroughly. Although Ce(Pc2)[Formula: see text] and Y(Pc2)[Formula: see text] have only aromatic substituent groups, no H- or J-aggregation of [Formula: see text]-conjugated systems can be detected from the UV-vis spectra of the assemblies of these double-decker phthalocyanines. When the nanostructures of these assemblies were changed greatly, no corresponding changes of UV-vis spectra and FT-IR spectra could be detected. These unusual results can be understood from the balance between the hydrophilicity of aromatic substituents and the ether linkages of double-decker phthalocyanines and the surface pressure, and open new. approaches for supramolecular assembly of complex [Formula: see text]-conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Bartlett MA, Sundermeyer J. Group 10 metal–thiocatecholate capped magnesium phthalocyanines – coupling chromophore and electron donor/acceptor entities and its impact on sulfur induced red-shifts. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:16255-16263. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03681k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Four thiocatecholate groups at magnesium phthalocyanine can coordinate transition metals, strongly red-shifting the Q band and promoting charge-transfer to peripheral groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malcolm Alan Bartlett
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- Marburg
- Germany
- Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)
| | - Jörg Sundermeyer
- Department of Chemistry
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- Marburg
- Germany
- Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW)
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