1
|
Liu Y, Zhao J, Hong R. Toward the Briarane Core via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38804559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The complete C20 framework of brianthein W was established, featuring hydroboration/allylation, to provide the C1-C2 quaternary/tertiary stereoarray with excellent stereocontrol. Intramolecular nitrile oxide cycloaddition (INOC) was adopted as the key transformation to establish the trans-fused 6/10-bicyclic ring system. Evolution of the second INOC event revealed the intricacies governing regioselectivity, which ultimately led to construction of the highly strained 10-membered carbocycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P.R. China
| | - Jiangang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P.R. China
| | - Ran Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Verma P, Pallerla RR, Rolig A, Pihko PM. Humilisin E: Strategy for the Synthesis and Access to the Functionalized Bicyclic Core. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6987-6990. [PMID: 38670541 PMCID: PMC11110058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Humilisin E is a diterpenoid possessing a rare epoxidized cyclononene trans-fused with a bicyclo[3.2.0]heptane core. We have identified the P atropisomer of the corresponding cyclononadiene as a potential biosynthetic/synthetic precursor to humilisin E and reported two different strategies for the stereocontrolled synthesis of the appropriately functionalized bicyclic cores of humilisin E. The first route involves a Stork epoxynitrile cyclization via a Mg alkoxide, and the second, more stereoselective approach utilizes the Wolff rearrangement as the key step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aino Rolig
- Department of Chemistry and
NanoScience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Petri M. Pihko
- Department of Chemistry and
NanoScience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smith BP, Truax NJ, Pollatos AS, Meanwell M, Bedekar P, Garrido-Castro AF, Baran PS. Total Synthesis of Dragocins A-C through Electrochemical Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401107. [PMID: 38358802 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of dragocins A-C, remarkable natural products containing an unusual C4' oxidized ribose architecture bridged by a polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine, is presented through a route featuring a number of uncommon maneuvers. Several generations towards the target molecules are presented, including the spectacular failure of a key C-H oxidation on a late-stage intermediate. The final route features rapid, stereocontrolled access to a densely functionalized pyrrolidine and an unprecedented diastereoselective oxidative electrochemical cyclization to forge the hallmark 9-membered ring. Preliminary studies suggest this electrochemical oxidation protocol is generally useful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendyn P Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Nathanyal J Truax
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alexandros S Pollatos
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Michael Meanwell
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2N4, Canada
| | - Pranali Bedekar
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alberto F Garrido-Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Phil S Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Xu Z. Skeletal Editing: Ring Insertion for Direct Access to Heterocycles. Molecules 2024; 29:1920. [PMID: 38731412 PMCID: PMC11085720 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeleton editing has rapidly advanced as a synthetic methodology in recent years, significantly streamlining the synthesis process and gaining widespread acceptance in drug synthesis and development. This field encompasses diverse ring reactions, many of which exhibit immense potential in skeleton editing, facilitating the generation of novel ring skeletons. Notably, reactions that involve the cleavage of two distinct rings followed by the reformation of new rings through ring insertion play a pivotal role in the construction of novel ring skeletons. This article aims to compile and systematize this category of reactions, emphasizing the two primary reaction types and offering a thorough exploration of their associated complexities and challenges. Our endeavor is to furnish readers with comprehensive reaction strategies, igniting research interest and injecting fresh impetus into the advancement of this domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhigang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, IATTI, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Betschart L, Altmann KH. Total Synthesis of Isoxeniolide A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315423. [PMID: 38118052 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Isoxeniolide A is a highly strained xenicane diterpenoid of marine origin. This natural product is representative for a subfamily of xenicanes incorporating an allylic hydroxy group in the nine-membered ring; members of this xenicane subfamily so far have not been targeted by total synthesis. Herein, we describe the first asymmetric total synthesis of isoxeniolide A. Key to forming the challenging E-configured cyclononene ring was a diastereoselective intramolecular Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction. Other important transformations include an enzymatic desymmetrization for absolute stereocontrol, a diastereoselective cuprate addition and the use of a bifunctional vinyl silane building block. Our strategy also permits access to the enantiomer of the natural product and holds potential to access a multitude of xenicane natural products and analogs for structure-activity relationship studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leo Betschart
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Altmann
- ETH Zurich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, HCI H405, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fragkiadakis M, Anastasiou PK, Volyrakis I, Pantousas A, Stoumpos CC, Neochoritis CG. C1 functionalization of imidazo heterocycles via carbon dioxide fixation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14411-14414. [PMID: 37975204 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04597h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing CO2 as a one-carbon building block in the preparation of high-value chemical entities is a cornerstone of modern organic synthesis. Herein, we exemplify this strategy through a mild, one-pot methodology that gives rapid access to N-heteroaryl substituted 6-, 8- and 9-membered carbamates via CO2 fixation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ioannis Volyrakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Apostolos Pantousas
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Constantinos C Stoumpos
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fragkiadakis M, Anastasiou PK, Zingiridis M, Triantafyllou-Rundell ME, Reyes Romero A, Stoumpos CC, Neochoritis CG. Instant Macrocyclizations via Multicomponent Reactions. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12709-12715. [PMID: 37596972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrocycles fascinate chemists due to both their structure and their applications. However, we still lack efficient and sustainable synthetic methods, giving us straightforward access to them. Herein, a rapid macrocyclization utilizing a two-step, one-pot approach based on orthogonal multicomponent reaction (MCR) tactics is introduced. This synthetic protocol, which is based on Ugi and Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé reactions with isocyanides tethered to alkyl tosylates, yields medium sized macrocycles that are otherwise difficult to achieve. Single crystal structures reveal conformational reorganization via intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and modeling studies profile the synthesized libraries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marios Zingiridis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Atilio Reyes Romero
- Genetic Intelligence Laboratory, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, P.O. Box 24144, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Constantinos C Stoumpos
- Department of Materials Science & Technology, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Steinborn C, Huber T, Lichtenegger J, Plangger I, Wurst K, Magauer T. Total Syntheses of (+)-Waixenicin A, (+)-9-Deacetoxy-14,15-deepoxyxeniculin, and (-)-Xeniafaraunol A. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:11811-11817. [PMID: 37192136 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis of the Xenia diterpenoid waixenicin A, a potent and highly selective TRPM7 inhibitor, is reported. The characteristic trans-fused oxabicyclo[7.4.0]tridecane ring system was constructed via a diastereoselective conjugate addition/trapping sequence, followed by an intramolecular alkylation to forge the 9-membered ring. While a β-keto sulfone motif enabled efficient ring-closure, the subsequent radical desulfonylation suffered from (E)/(Z)-isomerization of the C7/C8-alkene. Conducting the sequence with a trimethylsilylethyl ester allowed for a fluoride-mediated decarboxylation that proceeded without detectable isomerization. The acid-labile enol acetal of the delicate dihydropyran core was introduced at an early stage and temporarily deactivated by a triflate function. The latter was critical for the introduction of the side chain. Diverting from a common late-stage intermediate provided access to waixenicin A and 9-deacetoxy-14,15-deepoxyxeniculin. A high-yielding base-mediated dihydropyran-cyclohexene rearrangement of 9-deacetoxy-14,15-deepoxyxeniculin led to xeniafaraunol A in one step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tatjana Huber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian Lichtenegger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Immanuel Plangger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of General, Inorganic & Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
d’Aleman A, Gayraud O, Fressigné C, Petit E, Bailly L, Maddaluno J, De Paolis M. Organocatalyzed enantio- and diastereoselective isomerization of prochiral 1,3-cyclohexanediones into nonalactones bearing distant stereocenters. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2107-2113. [PMID: 36845928 PMCID: PMC9945243 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06842g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The lactonization of 2-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,3-cyclohexanediones containing an alcohol side chain and up to three distant prochiral elements is reported by isomerization under the mediation of simple organocatalysts such as quinidine. Through a process of ring expansion, strained nonalactones and decalactone are produced with up to three stereocenters in high er and dr (up to 99 : 1). Distant groups, including alkyl, aryl, carboxylate and carboxamide moieties, were examined.
Collapse
|
10
|
Fumo VM, Roberts RC, Zhang J, O'Reilly MC. Diastereoselective synthesis of cyclic tetrapeptide pseudoxylallemycin A illuminates the impact of base during macrolactamization. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1056-1069. [PMID: 36628602 PMCID: PMC11311250 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02126a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic agents with unique molecular structures and new mechanisms of action are needed to confront the phenomenon of multidrug resistance among bacteria. Pseudoxylallemycins, cyclic tetrapeptide (CTP) natural products, have exhibited modest antibiotic activity, but their synthesis has proven challenging. Inherent ring strain in CTPs decreases the rate of cyclization in lieu of polymerization and racemization pathways, which has resulted in previous syntheses describing mixtures of diastereomers containing predominantly an undesired epimer. We have optimized the cyclization step of pseudoxylallemycin A to favor production of the natural diastereomer; notably, variation of the base, temperature, and solvent with peptide coupling reagent propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P) afforded exquisite selectivity for the natural product in as high as 97 : 3 DR, and our conditions can provide the natural product in up to 32% overall yield through 8 steps. Employing weaker bases than those typically used in peptide coupling reactions led to the greatest improvement in diastereoselectivity, and these studies demonstrated that the identity of the amine base has enormous impact on the rate of C-terminal epimerization when T3P is used, a variable usually considered of lesser consequence when combined with typical amide coupling reagents. Toward fully characterizing pseudoxylallemycin stereoisomers, variable temperature NMR was described as a tool to more clearly analyze CTPs that exhibit multiple conformational states. These synthetic and spectroscopic insights were applied toward synthesizing several natural product analogues, and their antibacterial activity was examined using microdilution assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent M Fumo
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 E Lancaster Ave, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA.
| | - R Charlie Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 E Lancaster Ave, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA.
| | - Jieyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 E Lancaster Ave, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA.
| | - Matthew C O'Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, 800 E Lancaster Ave, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chowdhury MG, Das R, Vyas H, Sasane T, Mori O, Kamble S, Patel S, Shard A. A Comprehensive Account of Synthesis and Biological Activities of α‐lidene‐ Benzocycloalkanones and Benzoheterocycles. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Ghosh Chowdhury
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat 380054 India
| | - Rudradip Das
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat 380054 India
| | - Het Vyas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat 380054 India
| | - Tejal Sasane
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat 380054 India
| | - Omprakash Mori
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat 380054 India
| | - Sayali Kamble
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat 380054 India
| | - Sagarkumar Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat 380054 India
| | - Amit Shard
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat 380054 India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kawamura S, Palte RL, Kim HY, Saurí J, Sondey C, Mansueto MS, Altman MD, Machacek MR. Design and synthesis of unprecedented 9- and 10-membered cyclonucleosides with PRMT5 inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 66:116820. [PMID: 35594650 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of medium-sized rings is known to be challenging due to high transannular strain especially for 9- and 10-membered rings. Herein we report design and synthesis of unprecedented 9- and 10-membered purine 8,5'-cyclonucleosides as the first cyclonucleoside PRMT5 inhibitors. The cocrystal structure of PRMT5:MEP50 in complex with the synthesized 9-membered cyclonucleoside 1 revealed its binding mode in the SAM binding pocket of PRMT5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kawamura
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| | - Rachel L Palte
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Hai-Young Kim
- NMR Structure Elucidation, Process and Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Josep Saurí
- NMR Structure Elucidation, Process and Analytical Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Christopher Sondey
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - My S Mansueto
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Michael D Altman
- Computational and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, He Y, Liu Y, Wei K, Guo W. Kinetically Controllable Construction of Nine-Membered Carbocycles via Pd-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cycloaddition. Org Lett 2022; 24:2567-2572. [PMID: 35343709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A kinetically controllable strategy toward the construction of otherwise challenging nine-membered carbocycles is reported. This Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative procedure utilizes vinyl methylene cyclic carbonates as the C5-dipole and allylidenemalononitriles as C4-building blocks. The protocol features user-friendly operations with controllable regioselectivity and generates CO2 as the sole byproduct. The formation of synthetically valuable and thermodynamically favored seven-membered carbocycles was also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710045, China.,School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yicheng He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710045, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710045, China
| | - Kun Wei
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wusheng Guo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710045, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Paulisch TO, Mai LA, Strieth‐Kalthoff F, James MJ, Henkel C, Guldi DM, Glorius F. Dynamische kinetische Sensibilisierung von β‐Dicarbonyl‐verbindungen – Zugang zu mittelgroßen Ringen durch eine De‐Mayo‐artige Ringerweiterung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany O. Paulisch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Lukas A. Mai
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Felix Strieth‐Kalthoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Michael J. James
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Christian Henkel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Dirk M. Guldi
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
In recent years, visible light-induced transition metal catalysis has emerged as a new paradigm in organic photocatalysis, which has led to the discovery of unprecedented transformations as well as the improvement of known reactions. In this subfield of photocatalysis, a transition metal complex serves a double duty by harvesting photon energy and then enabling bond forming/breaking events mostly via a single catalytic cycle, thus contrasting the established dual photocatalysis in which an exogenous photosensitizer is employed. In addition, this approach often synergistically combines catalyst-substrate interaction with photoinduced process, a feature that is uncommon in conventional photoredox chemistry. This Review describes the early development and recent advances of this emerging field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Pak Shing Cheung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Sumon Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Vladimir Gevorgyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mondal A, Satpathi B, Ramasastry SSV. Phosphine-Catalyzed Intramolecular Vinylogous Aldol Reaction of α-Substituted Enones. Org Lett 2021; 24:256-261. [PMID: 34908421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the first phosphine-catalyzed intramolecular vinylogous aldol reaction (IVAR) of α-substituted enones. This strategy provides access to various pentannulated (hetero)arenes and dibenzocycloheptanones incorporated with two contiguous stereocenters, one of which is an all-carbon quaternary center. The scope of this work is further broadened through elaborations of the IVAR adducts to (i) benzannulated nine-membered carbocyclic systems, (ii) interesting classes of 1,3-dienes, 1,3,5-trienes, and 1-yn-3,5-dienes, and (iii) the analogs of echinolactone D and russujaponol F.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Mondal
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, S A S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - Bishnupada Satpathi
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, S A S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140 306, India
| | - S S V Ramasastry
- Organic Synthesis and Catalysis Lab, Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Sector 81, S A S Nagar, Manauli PO, Punjab 140 306, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chakraborty B, Jana U. Iron-catalyzed alkyne-carbonyl metathesis for the synthesis of 6,7-dihydro-5 H-dibenzo[ c, e]azonines. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10549-10553. [PMID: 34842881 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01258d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of nine-membered rings via alkyne-carbonyl metathesis is reported. The alkyne and acetal units contained in a biaryl substrate undergo the intramolecular alkyne-carbonyl metathesis reaction under FeCl3-catalysis to furnish the unexplored 6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[c,e]azonines. The method provides an alternative to existing routes to nine-membered rings with cheap, non-toxic iron catalysts and milder conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baitan Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
| | - Umasish Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Paulisch TO, Mai LA, Strieth-Kalthoff F, James MJ, Henkel C, Guldi DM, Glorius F. Dynamic Kinetic Sensitization of β-Dicarbonyl Compounds-Access to Medium-Sized Rings by De Mayo-Type Ring Expansion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112695. [PMID: 34818464 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a photocatalyzed two-carbon ring expansion of β-dicarbonyl compounds with unactivated olefins that provides facile access to medium-sized rings. Selective sensitization of the substoichiometric enol tautomer enables reactivity of substrates incompatible with the classical De Mayo reaction conditions. Key to success is the identification of the metal-based sensitizer fac-[Ir(CF3 -pmb)3 ], which can be excited using common near-visible LEDs, and possesses a high triplet excited state energy of 73.3 kcal mol-1 . This exactly falls in the range between the triplet energies of the enol and keto tautomer, thereby enabling a dynamic kinetic sensitization. Demonstrating the applicability of fac-[Ir(CF3 -pmb)3 ] as a photocatalyst in organic synthesis for the first time, we describe a two-step photocycloaddition-ring-opening cascade with β-ketoesters, -diketones, and -ketoamides. The mechanism has been corroborated by time-resolved spectroscopy, as well as further experimental and computational studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany O Paulisch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lukas A Mai
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Felix Strieth-Kalthoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael J James
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Henkel
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department Chemie und Pharmazie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Greiner LC, Inuki S, Arichi N, Oishi S, Suzuki R, Iwai T, Sawamura M, Hashmi ASK, Ohno H. Access to Indole-Fused Benzannulated Medium-Sized Rings through a Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Azido-Alkynes. Chemistry 2021; 27:12992-12997. [PMID: 34110644 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Because benzannulated and indole-fused medium-sized rings are found in many bioactive compounds, combining these fragments might lead to unexplored areas of biologically relevant and uncovered chemical space. Herein is shown that α-imino gold carbene chemistry can play an important role in solving the difficulty in the formation of medium-sized rings. Namely, phenylene-tethered azido-alkynes undergo arylative cyclization through the formation of a gold carbene intermediate to afford benzannulated indole-fused medium-sized tetracycles. The reactions allow a range of different aryl substitution patterns and efficient access to these otherwise difficult-to-obtain medium-sized rings. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of the semihollow-shaped C-dtbm ligand for the construction of a nine-membered ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca C Greiner
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Norihito Arichi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Current Address: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yashima-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Rikito Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iwai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,Current Address: Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Greiner LC, Matsuoka J, Inuki S, Ohno H. Azido-Alkynes in Gold(I)-Catalyzed Indole Syntheses. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3897-3910. [PMID: 34498385 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The exploitation of nitrogen-functionalized reactive intermediates plays an important role in the synthesis of biologically relevant scaffolds in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. Those based on gold carbenes carry a strong potential for the design of highly efficient cascade processes toward the synthesis of compounds containing a fused indole core structure. This personal account gives a detailed explanation of our contribution to this sector, and embraces the reaction development of efficient gold-catalyzed cascade processes based on diversely functionalized azido-alkynes. Challenging cyclizations and their subsequent application in the synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant scaffolds and natural products conducted in an intra- or intermolecular fashion are key features of our research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca C Greiner
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junpei Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Current address: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe, 610-0395, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wildermuth RE, Steinborn C, Barber DM, Mühlfenzl KS, Kendlbacher M, Mayer P, Wurst K, Magauer T. Evolution of a Strategy for the Total Synthesis of (+)-Cornexistin. Chemistry 2021; 27:12181-12189. [PMID: 34105834 PMCID: PMC8457225 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein is given a full account of the evolution of the first total synthesis of (+)-cornexistin. Initial efforts were based on masking the reactive maleic anhydride moiety as a 3,4-substituted furan and on forming the nine-membered carbocycle in an intramolecular Conia-ene or Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction. Those strategies suffered from low yields and were jeopardized by a late-stage installation of the Z-alkene, as well as the stereocenters along the eastern periphery. These issues were addressed by employing a chiral-pool strategy that involved construction of the crucial stereocenters at C2, C3 and C8 at an early stage with installation of the maleic anhydride as late as possible. The successful approach featured an intermolecular NHK coupling to install the Z-alkene, a syn-Evans-aldol reaction to forge the stereocenters along the eastern periphery, an intramolecular allylic alkylation to close the nine-membered carbocycle, and a challenging stepwise hydrolysis of a β-keto nitrile to furnish the maleic anhydride.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphael E. Wildermuth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstrasse 5–1381377MunichGermany
| | - Christian Steinborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - David M. Barber
- Research & DevelopmentWeed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG Crop Science Division Industriepark Höchst65926Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Kim S. Mühlfenzl
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstrasse 5–1381377MunichGermany
| | - Mario Kendlbacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Peter Mayer
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximilians-University MunichButenandtstrasse 5–1381377MunichGermany
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of GeneralInorganic & Theoretical ChemistryLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen L, Guo LN, Liu S, Liu L, Duan XH. Visible-light-driven palladium-catalyzed Dowd-Beckwith ring expansion/C-C bond formation cascade. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1791-1795. [PMID: 34163941 PMCID: PMC8179048 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04399k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A visible-light-induced palladium-catalyzed Dowd-Beckwith ring expansion/C-C bond formation cascade is described. A range of six to nine-membered β-alkenylated cyclic ketones possessing a quaternary carbon center were accessed under mild conditions. Besides styrenes, the electron-rich alkenes such as silyl enol ethers and enamides were also compatible, providing the desired β-alkylated cyclic ketones in moderate to good yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Li-Na Guo
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Shuai Liu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Le Liu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
| | - Xin-Hua Duan
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Material Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou730000 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Min L, Hu YJ, Fan JH, Zhang W, Li CC. Synthetic applications of type II intramolecular cycloadditions. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7015-7043. [PMID: 32869796 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00365d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type II intramolecular cycloadditions ([4+2], [4+3], [4+4] and [5+2]) have emerged recently as an efficient and powerful strategy for the construction of bridged ring systems. In general, type II cycloadditions provide access to a wide range of bridged bicyclo[m.n.1] ring systems with high regio- and diastereoselectivity in an easy and straightforward manner. In each section of this review, an overview of the corresponding type II cycloadditions is presented, which is followed by highlights of method development and synthetic applications in natural product synthesis. The goal of this review is to provide a survey of recent advances in the field covering literature up to 2020. The review will serve as a useful reference for organic chemists engaged in the total synthesis of natural products containing bridged bicyclo[m.n.1] ring systems and provide strong stimulus for invention and further advances in this exciting research field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Long Min
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Steinborn C, Wildermuth RE, Barber DM, Magauer T. Total Synthesis of (+)-Cornexistin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17282-17285. [PMID: 32558114 PMCID: PMC7540023 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the first total synthesis of (+)-cornexistin as well as its 8-epi-isomer starting from malic acid. The robust and scalable route features a Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction, an auxiliary-controlled syn-Evans-aldol reaction, and a highly efficient intramolecular alkylation to form the nine-membered carbocycle. The delicate maleic anhydride moiety of the nonadride skeleton was constructed from a β-keto nitrile. The developed route enabled the synthesis of 165 mg (+)-cornexistin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Raphael E. Wildermuth
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory & ImmunologyAstraZeneca43183MölndalSweden
| | - David M. Barber
- Research & Development, Weed Control ChemistryBayer AG, Crop Science DivisionIndustriepark Höchst65926Frankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Steinborn C, Wildermuth RE, Barber DM, Magauer T. Total Synthesis of (+)‐Cornexistin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Steinborn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| | - Raphael E. Wildermuth
- Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology AstraZeneca 43183 Mölndal Sweden
| | - David M. Barber
- Research & Development, Weed Control Chemistry Bayer AG, Crop Science Division Industriepark Höchst 65926 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Srinivasulu V, Schilf P, Ibrahim S, Shehadi IA, Malik OG, Sieburth S, Khanfar MA, Hamad M, Abu-Yousef IA, Majdalawieh AF, Al-Tel TH. Divergent Strategy for Diastereocontrolled Synthesis of Small- and Medium-Ring Architectures. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10695-10708. [PMID: 32806094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen and oxygen medium rings, in particular nine-membered rings, epitomize a unique area of chemical space that occurs in many natural products and biologically appealing compounds. The scarcity of 8- to 12-membered rings among clinically approved drugs is indicative of the difficulties associated with their synthesis, principally owing to the unfavorable entropy and transannular strain. We report here a scandium triflate-catalyzed reaction that allows for a modular access to a diverse collection of nine-membered ring heterocycles in a one-pot cascade and with complete diastereocontrol. This cascade features an intramolecular addition of an acyl group-derived enol to a α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety, leading to N- and O-derived medium-ring systems. Computational studies using the density functional theory support the proposed mechanism. Additionally, a one-pot cascade leading to hexacyclic chromeno[3',4':2,3]indolizino[8,7-b]indole architectures, with six fused rings and four contiguous chiral centers, is reported. This novel cascade features many concerted events, including the formation of two azomethine ylides, [3 + 2]-cycloaddition, 1,3-sigmatropic rearrangement, Michael addition, and Pictet-Spengler reaction among others. Phenotypic screening of the resulting oxazonine collection identified chemical probes that regulate mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine 5'-triphosphate contents, and reactive oxygen species levels in hepatoma cells (Hepa1-6), a promising approach for targeting cancer and metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vunnam Srinivasulu
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Paul Schilf
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck 23538, Germany
| | - Saleh Ibrahim
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck 23538, Germany
| | - Ihsan A Shehadi
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Omar G Malik
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Scott Sieburth
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 201 Beury Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Monther A Khanfar
- College of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE.,Department of Chemistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohamad Hamad
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Imad A Abu-Yousef
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Amin F Majdalawieh
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Taleb H Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kona CN, Nishii Y, Miura M. Thioether-Directed C4-Selective C–H Acylmethylation of Indoles Using α-Carbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylides. Org Lett 2020; 22:4806-4811. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrababu Naidu Kona
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishii
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Shibata T, Ito M, Inoue D, Takaki A, Stephen Kanyiva K. Gold(I)-Catalyzed 10-endo-dig-Selective Cycloisomerization of N-(2-Anilinobenzyl)propargylamines. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-s(f)13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
29
|
Herndon JW. The chemistry of the carbon-transition metal double and triple bond: Annual survey covering the year 2018. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
30
|
Sarojini V, Cameron AJ, Varnava KG, Denny WA, Sanjayan G. Cyclic Tetrapeptides from Nature and Design: A Review of Synthetic Methodologies, Structure, and Function. Chem Rev 2019; 119:10318-10359. [PMID: 31418274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small cyclic peptides possess a wide range of biological properties and unique structures that make them attractive to scientists working in a range of areas from medicinal to materials chemistry. However, cyclic tetrapeptides (CTPs), which are important members of this family, are notoriously difficult to synthesize. Various synthetic methodologies have been developed that enable access to natural product CTPs and their rationally designed synthetic analogues having novel molecular structures. These methodologies include the use of reversible protecting groups such as pseudoprolines that restrict conformational freedom, ring contraction strategies, on-resin cyclization approaches, and optimization of coupling reagents and reaction conditions such as temperature and dilution factors. Several fundamental studies have documented the impacts of amino acid configurations, N-alkylation, and steric bulk on both synthetic success and ensuing conformations. Carefully executed retrosynthetic ring dissection and the unique structural features of the linear precursor sequences that result from the ring dissection are crucial for the success of the cyclization step. Other factors that influence the outcome of the cyclization step include reaction temperature, solvent, reagents used as well as dilution levels. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current state of affairs on naturally occurring and rationally designed cyclic tetrapeptides, including strategies investigated for their syntheses in the literature, the conformations adopted by these molecules, and specific examples of their function. Using selected examples from the literature, an in-depth discussion of the synthetic techniques and reaction parameters applied for the successful syntheses of 12-, 13-, and 14-membered natural product CTPs and their novel analogues are presented, with particular focus on the cyclization step. Selected examples of the three-dimensional structures of cyclic tetrapeptides studied by NMR, and X-ray crystallography are also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayalekshmi Sarojini
- School of Chemical Sciences and the Centre for Green Chemical Science , University of Auckland , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand.,The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , Wellington 6140 , New Zealand
| | - Alan J Cameron
- School of Chemical Sciences and the Centre for Green Chemical Science , University of Auckland , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | - Kyriakos G Varnava
- School of Chemical Sciences and the Centre for Green Chemical Science , University of Auckland , Auckland 1142 , New Zealand
| | | | - Gangadhar Sanjayan
- Division of Organic Chemistry , CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory , Dr. Homi Bhabha Road , Pune 411 008 , India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Huber T, Wildermuth RE, Magauer T. 9-Membered Carbocycles: Strategies and Tactics for their Synthesis. Chemistry 2018; 24:12107-12120. [PMID: 29356173 PMCID: PMC6420057 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Many natural products comprising a nine-membered carbocyclic core structure exhibit interesting biological effects. However, only a minority have succumbed to their synthesis in the past. The synthesis of functionalized nine-membered carbocycles still remains a challenging goal for synthetic chemists, mainly due to their high ring strain. Different strategies to overcome the unfavorable enthalpic and entropic factors associated with their formation are highlighted in this Concept article. The presented methods are classified into two different categories: (1) the ring-expansion of smaller rings or the ring-contraction of larger rings and (2) the direct cyclization of acyclic precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Huber
- Department of Chemistry and PharmacyLudwig-Maximillians University MunichButenandtstrasse 5–1381377MunichGermany
| | - Raphael E. Wildermuth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesUniversity of InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| |
Collapse
|