1
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Meador WE, Saucier MA, Tucker MR, Kruse NA, Mobley AJ, Brower CR, Parkin SR, Clark KM, Hammer NI, Tschumper GS, Delcamp JH. Extended shortwave infrared absorbing antiaromatic fluorenium-indolizine chromophores. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12349-12360. [PMID: 39118622 PMCID: PMC11304523 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00733f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1000-1700 nm) and extended SWIR (ESWIR, 1700-2700 nm) absorbing materials are valuable for applications including fluorescence based biological imaging, photodetectors, and light emitting diodes. Currently, ESWIR absorbing materials are largely dominated by inorganic semiconductors which are often costly both in raw materials and manufacturing processes used to produce them. The development of ESWIR absorbing organic molecules is thus of interest due to the tunability, solution processability, and low cost of organic materials compared to their inorganic counterparts. Herein, through the combination of heterocyclic indolizine donors and an antiaromatic fluorene core, a series of organic chromophores with absorption maxima ranging from 1470-2088 nm (0.84-0.59 eV) and absorption onsets ranging from 1693-2596 nm (0.73-0.48 eV) are designed and synthesized. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these chromophores, referred to as FluIndz herein, are described via absorption spectroscopy in 17 solvents, cyclic voltammetry, solution photostability, and transient absorption spectroscopy. Molecular orbital energies, predicted electronic transitions, and antiaromaticity are compared to higher energy absorbing chromophores using density functional theory. The presence of thermally accessible diradical states is demonstrated using density functional theory and EPR spectroscopy, while XRD crystallography confirms structural connectivity and existence as a single molecule. Overall, the FluIndz chromophore scaffold exhibits a rational means to access organic chromophores with extremely narrow optical gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Meador
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Matthew A Saucier
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Max R Tucker
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Nicholas A Kruse
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Alexander J Mobley
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Connor R Brower
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Sean R Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40506 USA
| | - Kensha M Clark
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Nathan I Hammer
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Gregory S Tschumper
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
| | - Jared H Delcamp
- University of Mississippi, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Coulter Hall, University MS 38677 USA
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2
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Ju CW, Shen Y, French EJ, Yi J, Bi H, Tian A, Lin Z. Accurate Electronic and Optical Properties of Organic Doublet Radicals Using Machine Learned Range-Separated Functionals. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38382058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Luminescent organic semiconducting doublet-spin radicals are unique and emergent optical materials because their fluorescent quantum yields (Φfl) are not compromised by the spin-flipping intersystem crossing (ISC) into a dark high-spin state. The multiconfigurational nature of these radicals challenges their electronic structure calculations in the framework of single-reference density functional theory (DFT) and introduces room for method improvement. In the present study, we extended our earlier development of ML-ωPBE [J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2021, 12, 9516-9524], a range-separated hybrid (RSH) exchange-correlation (XC) functional constructed using the stacked ensemble machine learning (SEML) algorithm, from closed-shell organic semiconducting molecules to doublet-spin organic semiconducting radicals. We assessed its performance for a new test set of 64 doublet-spin radicals from five categories while placing all previously compiled 3926 closed-shell molecules in the new training set. Interestingly, ML-ωPBE agrees with the nonempirical OT-ωPBE functional regarding the prediction of the molecule-dependent range-separation parameter (ω), with a small mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0197 a0-1, but saves the computational cost by 2.46 orders of magnitude. This result demonstrates an outstanding domain adaptation capacity of ML-ωPBE for diverse organic semiconducting species. To further assess the predictive power of ML-ωPBE in experimental observables, we also applied it to evaluate absorption and fluorescence energies (Eabs and Efl) using linear-response time-dependent DFT (TDDFT), and we compared its behavior with nine popular XC functionals. For most radicals, ML-ωPBE reproduces experimental measurements of Eabs and Efl with small MAEs of 0.299 and 0.254 eV, only marginally different from those of OT-ωPBE. Our work illustrates a successful extension of the SEML framework from closed-shell molecules to doublet-spin radicals and will open the venue for calculating optical properties for organic semiconductors using single-reference TDDFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Ju
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yili Shen
- Manning College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ethan J French
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Hongshan Bi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Aaron Tian
- Manning College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zhou Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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3
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Shen L, Gao X, Chang Z, Zhang C, Li Y, Lu J, Meng Q, Wu Q. Sufficient driving force for quinoidal isoindigo-based diradicaloids with tunable diradical characters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:2529-2538. [PMID: 38170813 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05199d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Stable organic π-conjugated diradcialoids with tunable diradical characters can profoundly affect emerging technology. Over the past years, great efforts have been devoted to studying the structure-diradical character relationship in diradicaloids. Herein, a series of quinoidal isoindigo (IID) compounds with different attached terminal end groups were designed. Detailed analysis focuses on elucidating the driving force for evoking and enhancing the diradical character in the quinoidal IID systems. The arylene units of the IID core and the bridged aromatic units determine the contribution of the open-shell diradical form in the ground state. Diradical character y0 correlates well with bond length alternation (BLA), the total HOMA, and the total NICS(1)zz, and it is tuned by bridged aromatic units and terminal end groups in symmetric systems. The zwitterionic character weakens the diradical character in asymmetric systems to different extents. This work contributes to the deep understanding of evoking and enhancing the diradical character in quinoidal IID-based diradcialoids, providing useful guidelines to produce new molecules with desirable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China.
| | - Xiaobo Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China.
| | - Zhanqing Chang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China.
| | - Changhao Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China.
| | - Yue Li
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China.
| | - Jitao Lu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China.
| | - Qingguo Meng
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China.
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Chemistry, Weifang University, Weifang, 261061, China.
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4
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Fischer I, Hemberger P. Photoelectron Photoion Coincidence Spectroscopy of Biradicals. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300334. [PMID: 37325876 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The electronic structure of biradicals is characterized by the presence of two unpaired electrons in degenerate or near-degenerate molecular orbitals. In particular, some of the most relevant species are highly reactive, difficult to generate cleanly and can only be studied in the gas phase or in matrices. Unveiling their electronic structure is, however, of paramount interest to understand their chemistry. Photoelectron photoion coincidence (PEPICO) spectroscopy is an excellent approach to explore the electronic states of biradicals, because it enables a direct correlation between the detected ions and electrons. This permits to extract unique vibrationally resolved photoion mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectra (ms-TPES) to obtain insight in the electronic structure of both the neutral and the cation. In this review we highlight most recent advances on the spectroscopy of biradicals and biradicaloids, utilizing PEPICO spectroscopy and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) synchrotron radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Fischer
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland
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Hei Y, Zhang X, He P, Zhao EJ, Tang E, Sharapov V, Liu X, Yu L. Effective Approach toward Selective Near-Infrared Dyes: Rational Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Thieno[3,4- b]thiophene-Based Quinoidal Oligomers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:55686-55690. [PMID: 36503224 PMCID: PMC9782366 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes syntheses, photophysical properties, and electrochemical characteristics of three thieno[3,4-b]thiophene (TT)-based quinoidal oligomers OnTTO. The rigid planar backbones of these oligomers give the molecules narrow absorption bands, and the main absorption bands were significantly red-shifted when the TT units were extended and demonstrated wide transparent windows. The compound O4TTO was found to possess strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region approaching 1200 nm but remained transparent in the visible region. Electrochemical experiments have shown that the energy band gaps gradually narrow when the TT units are increased. Optical properties predicted by density functional theory calculations are in good agreement with the experimental optical results. These dye molecules could be promising candidates for future NIR photodetectors, filters, and bioimaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Hei
- Key
Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of
Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Street, Hangzhou310018, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of
Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Street, Hangzhou310018, China
| | - Pengxing He
- Key
Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of
Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Street, Hangzhou310018, China
| | - Eric Jiahan Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E57th Street, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
| | - Edison Tang
- Department
of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E57th Street, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
| | - Valerii Sharapov
- Department
of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E57th Street, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
| | - Xunshan Liu
- Key
Laboratory of Surface and Interface Science of Polymer Materials of
Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Street, Hangzhou310018, China
- Department
of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E57th Street, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
| | - Luping Yu
- Department
of Chemistry and the James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E57th Street, Chicago, Illinois60637, United States
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6
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Rausch R, Krause AM, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Würthner F. Nitronyl Nitroxide Bifunctionalized Electron-Poor Chromophores: Synthesis of Stable Dye Biradicals by Lewis Acid Promoted Desilylation. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2447-2457. [PMID: 33434018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Open shell organic molecules bearing π-cores are of great interest for optical, electronic, and magnetic applications but frequently suffer fast decomposition or lack synthetic accessibility. In this regard, nitronyl nitroxides are promising candidates for stable (bi-)radicals due to their high degree of spin delocalization along the O-N-C-N-O pentad unit. Unfortunately, they are limited to electron-rich systems so far. To overcome this limitation, we developed a synthetic procedure for the twofold spin decoration of electron-poor chromophores (Ered = -1158 mV) with nitronyl nitroxide radical moieties via selective deprotection/oxidation of the respective silylated precursors with boron fluoride and subsequent quenching with tetraethyl orthosilicate. Nitronyl nitroxide biradicals PBI-NN, IIn-NN, PhDPP-NN, ThDPP-NN, and FuDPP-NN bridged by perylene bisimide (PBI), isoindigo (IIn), and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) pigment colorants were finally obtained as bench stable compounds after periodate oxidation with yields of 60-81%. The absorption spectral signatures of the chromophores remain preserved in the open shell state and match the ones of the pristine parent compounds, which allowed an a priori prediction of their optical properties. Consequently, we achieved twofold spin labeling while keeping the intrinsic properties of the electron deficient chromophores intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodger Rausch
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana-Maria Krause
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Rausch R, Röhr MIS, Schmidt D, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Würthner F. Tuning phenoxyl-substituted diketopyrrolopyrroles from quinoidal to biradical ground states through (hetero-)aromatic linkers. Chem Sci 2020; 12:793-802. [PMID: 34163813 PMCID: PMC8179021 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05475e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Strongly fluorescent halochromic 2,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol-functionalised phenyl-, thienyl- and furyl-substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) dyes were deprotonated and oxidised to give either phenylene-linked DPP1˙˙ biradical (y 0 = 0.75) with a singlet open shell ground state and a thermally populated triplet state (ΔE ST = 19 meV; 1.8 kJ mol-1; 0.43 kcal mol-1) or thienylene/furylene-linked DPP2q and DPP3q compounds with closed shell quinoidal ground states. Accordingly, we identified the aromaticity of the conjugated (hetero-)aromatic bridge to be key for modulating the electronic character of these biradicaloid compounds and achieved a spin crossover from closed shell quinones DPP2q and DPP3q to open shell biradical DPP1˙˙ as confirmed by optical and magnetic spectroscopic studies (UV/vis/NIR, NMR, EPR) as well as computational investigations (spin-flip TD-DFT calculations in combination with CASSCF(4,4) and harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) analysis). Spectroelectrochemical studies and comproportionation experiments further prove the reversible formation of mixed-valent radical anions for the DPP2q and DPP3q quinoidal compounds with absorption bands edging into the NIR spectral region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodger Rausch
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Merle I S Röhr
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis with Boron Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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8
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Ajayakumar MR, Fu Y, Liu F, Komber H, Tkachova V, Xu C, Zhou S, Popov AA, Liu J, Feng X. Tailoring Magnetic Features in Zigzag-Edged Nanographenes by Controlled Diels-Alder Reactions. Chemistry 2020; 26:7497-7503. [PMID: 32298000 PMCID: PMC9328941 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Nanographenes (NGs) with tunable electronic and magnetic properties have attracted enormous attention in the realm of carbon-based nanoelectronics. In particular, NGs with biradical character at the ground state are promising building units for molecular spintronics. However, most of the biradicaloids are susceptible to oxidation under ambient conditions and photolytic degradation, which hamper their further applications. Herein, we demonstrated the feasibility of tuning the magnetic properties of zigzag-edged NGs in order to enhance their stability via the controlled Diels-Alder reactions of peri-tetracene (4-PA). The unstable 4-PA (y0 =0.72; half-life, t1/2 =3 h) was transformed into the unprecedented benzo-peri-tetracenes (BPTs) by a one-side Diels-Alder reaction, which featured a biradical character at the ground state (y0 =0.60) and exhibited remarkable stability under ambient conditions for several months. In addition, the fully zigzag-edged circumanthracenes (CAs) were achieved by two-fold or stepwise Diels-Alder reactions of 4-PA, in which the magnetic properties could be controlled by employing the corresponding dienophiles. Our work reported herein opens avenues for the synthesis of novel zigzag-edged NGs with tailor-made magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Ajayakumar
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Yubin Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V.Hohe Straße 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Valeriya Tkachova
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
| | - Chi Xu
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfInstitute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchBautzner Landstrasse 400Dresden01328Germany
| | - Shengqiang Zhou
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfInstitute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials ResearchBautzner Landstrasse 400Dresden01328Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials ResearchHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic ChemistryThe University of Hong KongPokfulam Road999077Hong KongP. R. China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) &, Faculty of Chemistry and Food ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenMommsenstrasse 401062DresdenGermany
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9
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Wang L, Bai S, Wu Y, Liu Y, Yao J, Fu H. Revealing the Nature of Singlet Fission under the Veil of Internal Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic DevicesDepartment of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced MaterialsMinistry of EducationTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 P. R. China
| | - Shuming Bai
- Department of ChemistryDuke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Yishi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic DevicesDepartment of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic DevicesDepartment of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic DevicesDepartment of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular PlusSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic DevicesDepartment of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing 100048 P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular PlusSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyTianjin UniversityCollaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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10
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Wang L, Bai S, Wu Y, Liu Y, Yao J, Fu H. Revealing the Nature of Singlet Fission under the Veil of Internal Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:2003-2007. [PMID: 31729139 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) holds the potential to boost the maximum power conversion efficiency of photovoltaic devices. Internal conversion (IC) has been considered as one of the major competitive deactivation pathways to transform excitation energy into heat. Now, using time-resolved spectroscopy and theoretical calculation, it is demonstrated that, instead of a conventional IC pathway, an unexpected intramolecular singlet fission (iSF) process is responsible for excited state deactivation in isoindigo derivatives. The 1 TT state could form at ultrafast rate and nearly quantitatively in solution. In solid films, the slipped stacked intermolecular packing of a thiophene-functionalized derivative leads to efficient triplet pair separation, giving rise to an overall triplet yield of 181 %. This work not only enriches the pool of iSF-capable materials, but also contributes to a better understanding of the iSF mechanism, which could be relevant for designing new SF sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Bai
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Yishi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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11
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Li G, Han Y, Zou Y, Lee JJC, Ni Y, Wu J. Dearomatization Approach Toward a Superbenzoquinone‐Based Diradicaloid, Tetraradicaloid, and Hexaradicaloid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Johnathan Joo Cheng Lee
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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Li G, Han Y, Zou Y, Lee JJC, Ni Y, Wu J. Dearomatization Approach Toward a Superbenzoquinone‐Based Diradicaloid, Tetraradicaloid, and Hexaradicaloid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:14319-14326. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Johnathan Joo Cheng Lee
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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A BODIPY-Bridged Bisphenoxyl Diradicaloid: Solvent-Dependent Diradical Character and Physical Properties. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081446. [PMID: 31013683 PMCID: PMC6514698 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a new boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-bridged bisphenoxyl diradicaloid (2), which showed closed-shell diamagnetic character in less polar solvents such as dichloromethane but open-shell diradical character with paramagnetic activity in the very polar solvent N,N-dimethylformamide. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 2 revealed an anti-parallel stacked dimer structure via intermolecular dipole-dipole interaction, and the observed solvent-dependent diradical character can be explained by the different dihedral angles between the phenoxyl units and the BODIPY bridge, and structural flexibility of the molecule in different solvents. Compound 2 also exhibited solvent-dependent optical and electrochemical properties.
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Li L, Gong HX, Chen DY, Lin MJ. Stable Bifunctional Perylene Imide Radicals for High-Performance Organic-Lithium Redox-Flow Batteries. Chemistry 2018; 24:13188-13196. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 350116 China
| | - Hai-Xian Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 350116 China
| | - Dong-Yang Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering; Fuzhou University; 350116 China
| | - Mei-Jin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry; Fuzhou University; 350116 China
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Hogan DT, Sutherland TC. Modern Spin on the Electrochemical Persistence of Heteroatom-Bridged Triphenylmethyl-Type Radicals. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2825-2829. [PMID: 29750526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a clarification of the ambiguous persistence of the 10-methyl-9-phenylacridanyl, 9-phenylxanthenyl, and 9-phenylthioxanthenyl radicals in electrochemical experiments. Each of these radicals has separately been the subject of conflicting literature results for decades with publications claiming both their chemical inertness and propensity to dimerize. We assert that each radical is persistent at conventional electrochemical time scales up to several minutes based on reversible redox couples and cyclic voltammogram simulations of the radicals and their respective cations. All three radicals are rapidly consumed by aerial O2, which lends irreversibility to the redox couples after fewer than 20 s of exposure to air. With appreciation for the O2 sensitivity of these radicals, their electrochemically generated UV-visible absorption spectra have been acquired and matched to predictions made by TD-DFT calculations. Further, we propose that previous claims to have electrochemically measured radical-radical dimerizations have only observed reaction of these radicals with dissolved O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Hogan
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive Northwest , T2N 1N4 Calgary , Canada
| | - Todd C Sutherland
- Department of Chemistry , University of Calgary , 2500 University Drive Northwest , T2N 1N4 Calgary , Canada
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