1
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Khilari N, Pooventhiran T, Koley D. Computational Assessment of the Mechanistic Journey in Chan-Lam-Based Arylation of Imidazoles. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:11531-11541. [PMID: 38865259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cu(II)-catalyzed C-N bond formation reactions remain one of most widely practiced and powerful protocols for the synthesis of value-added chemicals, bioactive molecules, and materials. Despite numerous experimental contributions, the overall mechanistic understanding of the C-N coupling reaction based on the Chan-Lam (CL) reaction methodology is still limited and underdeveloped, particularly with respect to the use of different substrates and catalytic species. Herein, we report an in-depth DFT-based study on the mechanism of N-arylation of imidazoles following Collman's experimental setup. Our findings unfold for the first time the ligand-based CL coupling catalyzed by the [Cu(II)(OH)TMEDA]2Cl2 complex. The transmetalation step with an energy span of 26.2 kcal mol-1 is rate-determining, while the subsequent disproportionation and reductive elimination are relatively facile (δE = 16.4 kcal mol-1) in comparison to the CL amination of secondary amines. The final oxidative catalyst regeneration results in the presence of O2, accompanying an energy span of 12.8 kcal mol-1, where hydrogen transfer from the coordinated water allows the reduction of superoxo linkage. Couplings performed in the presence of a combination of bidentate sp3-N ligands with single and double -(CH2)- spacer units afford a kinetically facile transformation (24.5 kcal mol-1). Furthermore, our results agree with the experimental outcomes of regioselective couplings of substituted imidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nripen Khilari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Thangaiyan Pooventhiran
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
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2
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Pooventhiran T, Khilari N, Koley D. Mechanistic Avenues in the Chan-Lam-Based Etherification Reaction: A Computational Exploration. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302983. [PMID: 37794822 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing advances in CuII -catalyzed aerobic oxidative coupling reactions between arylboronic esters and diverse heteroatom nucleophiles have strengthened the development of the general Chan-Lam (CL)-based reaction protocol, including C-O bond formation methodologies. In-depth mechanistic understanding of CL etherification with specific emphasis on different reaction routes and their energetics are still lacking, even though the reaction has been experimentally explored. Here, we present a DFT-guided computational study to unravel the mechanistic pathways of CL-based etherification. The computational findings provide some interesting insights into the fundamental steps of the catalytic cycle, particularly the rate-determining transmetalation event. An aryl boronic ester-coordinated, methoxide-bridged CuII intermediate that acts as resting state undergoes transmetalation with an activation barrier of 20.4 kcal mol-1 . The energy spans of the remaining fundamental steps leading to the methoxylated product are relatively low. The minor p-cresol product requires an additional 14.2 kcal mol-1 energy span to surmount in comparison to the favored route. Hammett studies for the substituted aryl boronic esters reveal higher reaction turnovers for electron-rich aryl systems. The results agree with previously reported spectroscopic and kinetic observations. For a series of alcohol substrates, it was observed that, except for cyclohexanol, moderate to high etherification turnovers are predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thangaiyan Pooventhiran
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741 246, India
| | - Nripen Khilari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741 246, India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, 741 246, India
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3
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Bose S, Dutta S, Koley D. Entering Chemical Space with Theoretical Underpinning of the Mechanistic Pathways in the Chan–Lam Amination. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Bose
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
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4
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Zhang L, Long S, Jiao H, Liu Z, Zhang P, Lei A, Gong W, Pei X. Cellulose derived Pd nano-catalyst for efficient catalysis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18676-18684. [PMID: 35873326 PMCID: PMC9231465 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02799b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a C–Pd catalyst derived from a renewable cellulose resource that exhibited excellent catalytic activity and reusability in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zhang
- School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Siyu Long
- School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huibin Jiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhuoyue Liu
- School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Gong
- School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xianglin Pei
- School of Materials and Architectural Engineering, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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5
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Osakada K, Nishihara Y. Transmetalation of boronic acids and their derivatives: mechanistic elucidation and relevance to catalysis. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:777-796. [PMID: 34951434 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02986j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura reaction (the cross-coupling reaction of boronic acids with organic halides catalysed by Pd complexes) has been recognised as a useful synthetic organic reaction that forms a C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond. The catalytic cycle of the reaction involves the transmetalation of aryl- and alkenylboronic acids with Pd(II) complexes. It migrates the aryl and alkenyl groups of boronic acid to Pd and produces a Pd-C bond. Many studies have investigated the mechanism of transmetalation. They elucidated the mechanism of the organometallic reaction and its role as a fundamental step in catalytic reactions. This perspective reviews studies on the transmetalation of aryl- and alkenylboronic acids with Pd(II) complexes. Emphasis was laid on the structures and chemical properties of the intermediate Pd complexes and the effects of OH- on the pathways of the catalytic Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. The reactions of arylboronic acids with Rh(I)-OH complexes were investigated, which are relevant to the mechanism of Rh-catalysed addition of aryl boronic acids to enones and aldehydes. Recent studies on the transmetalation of boronic acids with other late transition metals such as Fe(II), Co(I), Pt(II), Au(III), and Au(I) are presented with the related catalytic reactions and their utilisation in the synthesis of aromatic molecules and π-conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagastuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan. .,National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Yasushi Nishihara
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
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6
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Guo J, Yang W, Zhang D, Wang SG, Wang X. Mechanistic Insights into Formation of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via Scandium-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation of Imidazoles with 1,1-Disubstituted Alkenes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4598-4606. [PMID: 33686862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c03054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This density functional theory (DFT) study reveals a detailed plausible mechanism for the Sc-catalyzed C-H cycloaddition of imidazoles to 1,1-disubstituted alkenes to form all-carbon quaternary stereocenters. The Sc complex binds the imidazole substrate to enable deprotonative C2-H bond activation by the Sc-bound α-carbon to afford the active species. This complex undergoes intramolecular cyclization (C═C into Sc-imidazolyl insertion) with exo-selectivity, generating a β-all-carbon-substituted quaternary center in the polycyclic imidazole derivative. The Sc-bound α-carbon deprotonates the imidazole C2-H bond to deliver the product and regenerate the active catalyst, which is the rate-determining step. Calculations illuminate the electronic effect of the ancillary Cp ligand on the catalyst activity and reveal the steric bias caused by using a chiral catalyst that induce the enantioselectivity. The insights can have implications for advancing rare-earth metal-catalyzed C-H functionalization of imidazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Guo
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Wu Yang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shou-Guo Wang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotai Wang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials, Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, Shenzhen Polytechnic, 7098 Liuxian Boulevard, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 194, P. O. Box 1733, Denver, Colorado 80217-3364, United States
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7
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Prasad Reddy KSSV, Deshpande PA. On the ligand-free palladium cluster catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25021-25031. [PMID: 33112307 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04286b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
C-C cross coupling reactions have been widely used for developing synthesis protocols for pharmaceuticals and agricultural products in the past few decades. Of all the reported C-C cross coupling reactions, the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction is preferred because of its mild reaction conditions, the commercial availability of associated reagents and the ease of removal of boron containing by-products. Recently, Corma and co-workers [Leyva-Perez et al., Angew. Chem., 2013, 125, 11768] reported water-stabilized three- and four-atom Pd clusters as highly active catalytic species for C-C coupling reactions. The present work focuses on developing detailed mechanistic insights into the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction with Pd3 and Pd4 clusters utilizing density functional theory calculations. The role of the base in the reaction was analysed in this study, which was found to lower the activation barriers of transmetalation over both Pd3 and Pd4. Free energy landscapes for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of bromobenzene and phenylboronic acid over Pd3 and Pd4 clusters were developed. The highest free energy barriers of 34.7 and 30.4 kcal mol-1 were observed for the oxidative addition over Pd3 and Pd4, respectively, indicating the oxidative addition as the rate limiting step. Detailed energetics conclusively proved the active nature of small-atom Pd clusters for catalyzing the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S S V Prasad Reddy
- Quantum and Molecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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8
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De S, Sivendran N, Maity B, Pirkl N, Koley D, Gooßen LJ. Dinuclear PdI Catalysts in Equilibrium Isomerizations: Mechanistic Understanding, in Silico Casting, and Catalyst Development. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b05345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sriman De
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Nardana Sivendran
- Fakultät Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Bholanath Maity
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Nico Pirkl
- Fakultät Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Fakultät Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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9
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Joy J, Stuyver T, Shaik S. Oriented External Electric Fields and Ionic Additives Elicit Catalysis and Mechanistic Crossover in Oxidative Addition Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3836-3850. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyothish Joy
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Thijs Stuyver
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Algemene Chemie, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Sason Shaik
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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10
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Astakhov AV, Soliev SB, Gordeev EG, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. Relative stabilities of M/NHC complexes (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) against R-NHC, X-NHC and X-X couplings in M(0)/M(ii) and M(ii)/M(iv) catalytic cycles: a theoretical study. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17052-17062. [PMID: 31696883 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03266e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The complexes of Ni, Pd, and Pt with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) catalyze numerous organic reactions via proposed typical M0/MII catalytic cycles comprising intermediates with the metal center in (0) and (II) oxidation states. In addition, MII/MIV catalytic cycles have been proposed for a number of reactions. The catalytic intermediates in both cycles can suffer decomposition via R-NHC coupling and the side reductive elimination of the NHC ligand and R groups (R = alkyl, aryl, etc.) to give [NHC-R]+ cations. In this study, the relative stabilities of (NHC)MII(R)(X)L and (NHC)MIV(R)(X)3L intermediates (X = Cl, Br, I; L = NHC, pyridine) against R-NHC coupling and other decomposition pathways via reductive elimination reactions were evaluated theoretically. The study revealed that the R-NHC coupling represents the most favorable decomposition pathway for both types of intermediates (MII and MIV), while it is thermodynamically and kinetically more facile for the MIV complexes. The relative effects of the metal M (Ni, Pd, Pt) and ligands L and X on the R-NHC coupling for the MIV complexes were significantly stronger than that for the MII complexes. In particular, for the (NHC)2MIV(Ph)(Br)3 complexes, Ph-NHC coupling was facilitated dramatically from Pt (ΔG = -36.9 kcal mol-1, ΔG≠ = 37.5 kcal mol-1) to Pd (ΔG = -61.5 kcal mol-1, ΔG≠ = 18.3 kcal mol-1) and Ni (ΔG = -80.2 kcal mol-1, ΔG≠ = 4.7 kcal mol-1). For the MII oxidation state of the metal, the bis-NHC complexes (L = NHC) were slightly more kinetically and thermodynamically stable against R-NHC coupling than the mono-NHC complexes (L = pyridine). An inverse relation was observed for the MIV oxidation state of the metal as the (NHC)2MIV(R)(X)3 complexes were kinetically (4.3-15.9 kcal mol-1) and thermodynamically (8.0-23.2 kcal mol-1) significantly less stable than the (NHC)MIV(R)(X)3L (L = pyridine) complexes. For the NiIV and PdIV complexes, additional decomposition pathways via the reductive elimination of the NHC and X ligands to give the [NHC-X]+ cation (X-NHC coupling) or reductive elimination of the X-X molecule were found to be thermodynamically and kinetically probable. Overall, the obtained results demonstrate significant instability of regular Ni/NHC and Pd/NHC complexes (for example, not additionally stabilized by chelation) and high probability to initiate "NHC-free" catalysis in the reactions comprising MIV intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Astakhov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia. and Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Safarmurod B Soliev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia.
| | - Evgeniy G Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Victor M Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia. and Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, Novocherkassk, 346428, Russia. and Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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11
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Yan X, Wang H, Guo S. Employing Aryl‐Linked Bis‐mesoionic Carbenes as a Pincer‐Type Platform to Access Ambient‐Stable Palladium(IV) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Yan
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of ChemistryCapital Normal University Beijing China
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12
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Marset X, Saavedra B, González-Gallardo N, Beaton A, León MM, Luna R, Ramón DJ, Guillena G. Palladium Mesoionic Carbene Pre-catalyst for General Cross-Coupling Transformations in Deep Eutectic Solvents. Front Chem 2019; 7:700. [PMID: 31709230 PMCID: PMC6819497 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong σ-donor mesoionic carbene ligand has been synthesized and applied to four different palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling transformations, proving the catalyst/medium compatibility and the increased activity of this system over previous reports in Deep Eutectic Solvent medium. Some cross-coupling processes could be carried out at room temperature and using aryl chlorides as starting materials. The possible implementation of multistep synthesis in eutectic mixtures has also been explored. The presence of palladium nanoparticles in the reaction media has been evaluated and correlated to the observed activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Marset
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Beatriz Saavedra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nerea González-Gallardo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Alexander Beaton
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Martín M León
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Raúl Luna
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Diego J Ramón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gabriela Guillena
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica (ISO), Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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13
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Yan X, Wang H, Guo S. Employing Aryl-Linked Bis-mesoionic Carbenes as a Pincer-Type Platform to Access Ambient-Stable Palladium(IV) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16907-16911. [PMID: 31502744 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The study of palladium(IV) species has great implications for PdII /PdIV -mediated catalysis. However, most of the PdIV complexes rapidly decompose under ambient conditions, which makes the isolation, characterization and further reactivity study very challenging. The reported ancillary ligand platforms to stabilize PdIV species are dominated by chelating N-donors such as bipyridines. In this work, we present two PdIV complexes with scarcely used C-donors as the supporting platform. The anionic aryl donor and MIC (MIC=mesoionic carbene) are combined in a [CC'C]-type pincer framework to access a series of ambient-stable PdIV tris(halido) complexes. Their synthesis, solid-state structures, stability, and reactivity are presented. To the best of our knowledge, the work presented herein reports the first isolated PdIV -MIC as well as the first PdIV carbene-based aryl pincer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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14
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Zhu J, Lindsay VNG. Benzimidazolyl Palladium Complexes as Highly Active and General Bifunctional Catalysts in Sustainable Cross-Coupling Reactions. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b02420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N. G. Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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15
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Maji A, Singh O, Rathi S, Singh UP, Ghosh K. Rational Design of Sterically Hindered and Unsymmetrical N
py
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im
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Pincer‐Type Ligands and Their Palladium(II) Complexes: Catalytic Applications in Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction and Allylation of Aldehydes. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Maji
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Roorkee India
| | - Ovender Singh
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Roorkee India
| | - Sweety Rathi
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Roorkee India
| | - U. P. Singh
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Roorkee India
| | - Kaushik Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryIndian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Roorkee India
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16
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Mondal T, Dutta S, De S, Thirumalai D, Koley D. Donor Stabilized Diatomic Gr.14 E 2 (E = C-Pb) Molecule D-E 2-D (D = NHC, aNHC, NNHC, NHSi, NHGe, cAAC, cAASi, cAAGe): A Theoretical Insight. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:565-581. [PMID: 30562460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations have been carried out to explore the detailed electronic structure and bonding scenario in various bis-donor stabilized E2 compounds (E = C-Pb). Our computational findings reveal that the thermodynamic stabilities of the E2 core gradually decrease as we move down the group. A linear D-E-E'-D framework is observed for C2 systems, while the heavier group 14 analogues possess trans-bent geometries. Consideration of few compounds as viable targets for synthesis is suggested by their corresponding calculated formation energies. In addition, the thermodynamic stabilities of C2 systems notably increase with the saturation of the donor ring framework and are even more pronounced for boron-substituted saturated NHD ligand. QTAIM calculations affirmed that the covalent nature of E-E' bonds shifts toward the donor-acceptor region as one traverses from top to bottom along group 14. The E-D and E'-D bonds in the C2 systems have covalent nature, whereas those in Si2-Pb2 systems are characterized by donor-acceptor bonds. In addition, we have computed proton affinities and vertical ionization potentials (VIPs) of these compounds. An excellent correlation was obtained between calculated VIPs and orbital energies of HOMOs. Furthermore, in the present study, we also explored the effect of bis-donors in the stabilization of heterodiatomic SiC compounds. Our calculations indicate that a typical bonding description of the SiC(D)2 compounds should be represented by a combination of a classical double bond between C-D with significant donor-acceptor interaction in Si-D, i.e., D → Si═C═D. The SiC(D)2 systems are found to be less stable than the corresponding dicarbon compounds C2(D)2, but they show significant stabilization compared to the corresponding disilicon systems Si2(D)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Totan Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
| | - Sriman De
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
| | - D Thirumalai
- Department of Chemistry , Thiruvalluvar University , Serkkadu, Vellore 632 115 , India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
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Mondal T, Dutta S, De S, Koley D. Computational Exploration of Mechanistic Avenues in C-H Activation Assisted Pd-Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling. J Org Chem 2019; 84:257-272. [PMID: 30525639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The detailed mechanism of the intermolecular Pd-catalyzed carbonylative coupling reaction between aryl bromides and polyfluoroarenes relying on C(sp2)-H activation was investigated using state-of-the-art computational methods (SMD-B3LYP-D3(BJ)/BS2//B3LYP-D3/BS1). The mechanism unveils the necessary and important roles of a slight excess of carbon monoxide: acting as a ligand in the active catalyst state, participating as a reactant in the carbonylation process, and accelerating the final reductive elimination event. Importantly, the desired carbonylative coupling route follows the rate-limiting C-H activation process via the concerted metalation-deprotonation pathway, which is slightly more feasible than the decarboxylative route leading to byproduct formation by 1.2 kcal/mol. The analyses of the free energies indicate that the choice of base has a significant effect on the reaction mechanism and its energetics. The Cs2CO3 base guides the reaction toward the coupling route, whereas carbonate bases such as K2CO3 and Na2CO3 switch toward an undesired decarboxylative path. However, K3PO4 significantly reduces the C-H activation barrier over the decarboxylation reaction barrier and can act as a potential alternative base. The positional influence of a methoxy substituent in bromoanisole and different substituent effects in polyfluoroarenes were also considered. Our results show that different substituents impose significant impact on the desired carbonylative product formation energetics. Considering the influence of several ligands leads to the conclusion that other phosphine and N-heterocyclic carbene, such as P nBuAd2 and IMes, can be used as an efficient alternative than the experimentally reported P tBu3 ligand exhibiting a clear preference for C-H activation (ΔΔ⧧ GLS) by 7.1 and 10.9 kcal/mol, respectively. We have also utilized the energetic span model to interpret the experimental results. Moreover, to elucidate the origin of activation barriers, energy decomposition analysis calculations were accomplished for the critical transition states populating the energy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Totan Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
| | - Sriman De
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata , Mohanpur 741 246 , India
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Dutta S, Mondal T, De S, Rudra K, Koley D. Strengths of different Lewis bases in stabilizing titanium fluorides: A theoretical insight. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yu JL, Zhang SQ, Hong X. Stepwise versus Concerted Reductive Elimination Mechanisms in the Carbon–Iodide Bond Formation of (DPEphos)RhMeI2 Complex. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Lu Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
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