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Cabello MC, Chen G, Melville MJ, Osman R, Kumar GD, Domaille DW, Lippert AR. Ex Tenebris Lux: Illuminating Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species with Small Molecule Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9225-9375. [PMID: 39137397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are small reactive molecules derived from elements in the air─oxygen and nitrogen. They are produced in biological systems to mediate fundamental aspects of cellular signaling but must be very tightly balanced to prevent indiscriminate damage to biological molecules. Small molecule probes can transmute the specific nature of each reactive oxygen and nitrogen species into an observable luminescent signal (or even an acoustic wave) to offer sensitive and selective imaging in living cells and whole animals. This review focuses specifically on small molecule probes for superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite that provide a luminescent or photoacoustic signal. Important background information on general photophysical phenomena, common probe designs, mechanisms, and imaging modalities will be provided, and then, probes for each analyte will be thoroughly evaluated. A discussion of the successes of the field will be presented, followed by recommendations for improvement and a future outlook of emerging trends. Our objectives are to provide an informative, useful, and thorough field guide to small molecule probes for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as important context to compare the ecosystem of chemistries and molecular scaffolds that has manifested within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maidileyvis C Cabello
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Gen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Michael J Melville
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rokia Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - G Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dylan W Domaille
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alexander R Lippert
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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2
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Teng Z, Shangguan H, Liu L, Zhang S, Li G, Cheng Z, Qi F, Liu X. Design, synthesis and application of dual-channel fluorescent probes for ratiometric detection of HClO and H 2S based on phenothiazine coumarins. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 316:124312. [PMID: 38688210 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquity of diverse material entities in environmental matrices renders the deployment of unifunctional fluorescent indicators inadequate. Consequently, this study introduces a ratiometric dual-emission fluorescent sensor (Probe CP), synthesized by conjugating phenothiazine coumarin to hydroxycoumarin through a piperazine linker for concurrent detection of HClO and H2S. Upon interaction with HClO, the phenothiazine unit's sulfur atom undergoes oxidation to sulfoxide, facilitating a shift from red to green fluorescence in a ratiometric manner. Concurrently, at the opposite terminus of Probe CP, 2,4-dinitroanisole serves as the reactive moiety for H2S recognition; it restores the blue emission characteristic of 7-hydroxycoumarin while maintaining the red fluorescence emanating from phenothiazine coumarin as an internal standard for ratio-based assessment. Exhibiting elevated specificity and sensitivity coupled with minimal detection thresholds (0.0506 μM for HClO and 1.7292 μM for H2S) alongside rapid equilibration periods (3 min for HClO and half an hour for H2S), this sensor was efficaciously employed in cellular environments and within zebrafish models as well as imaging applications pertaining to alcohol-induced hepatic injury in murine subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Teng
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Huimin Shangguan
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Longfei Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Shihu Zhang
- Shandong Yiborun New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Binzhou, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guanlin Li
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Zishi Cheng
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Fengpei Qi
- College of Materials & Chemical Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000, China
| | - Xingjiang Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
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Ilakiyalakshmi M, Napoleon AA. Phenothiazine appended thiophene derivative: a trilateral approach to copper ion detection in living cells and aqueous samples. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8885-8895. [PMID: 38500619 PMCID: PMC10945519 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07608c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This research paper unveils a fluorescent probe (PTZ-SCN) engineered for the specific detection of Cu2+, featuring a 10-ethyl-10H-phenothiazine-3-carbaldehyde and 2-(thiophen-2-yl) acetonitrile moiety. The fluorescence sensing behavior of PTZ-SCN towards various metal cations was scrutinized in CH3CN : HEPES (9 : 1) buffer aqueous solution. The UV absorbance of PTZ-SCN displayed a distinct red shift in the presence of Cu2+ cations, whereas other metal cations did not cause any interference. Similarly, the fluorescence emission of the probe was also only quenched by Cu2+ cations. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated as 1.0461 × 10-8 M. PTZ-SCN showed the ability to identify Cu2+ using the colorimetric method, the fluorometric method and even through visual observation in a trilateral detection. We studied the recognition mechanism of PTZ-SCN for Cu2+ using 1H-NMR, HRMS analysis, and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. Furthermore, our study encompassed the investigation of PTZ-SCN's practical applicability, bridging the gap from research to real-world implementation. This was achieved by employing test strips and water samples for the detection of Cu2+. Additionally, the PTZ-SCN probe's low cytotoxicity and effective imaging properties for Cu2+ in living cells were confirmed, indicating that PTZ-SCN shows the potential to serve as a promising probe for detecting Cu2+in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Ilakiyalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ayyakannu Arumugam Napoleon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632014 Tamil Nadu India
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4
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Luo L, Yang Y, Chen S, Zhang P, Zeng R. A Photoelectrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Hypochlorous Acid with a Phenothiazine-Based Photosensitizer. Molecules 2024; 29:614. [PMID: 38338358 PMCID: PMC10856318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the development of a photoelectrochemical sensor for hypochlorous acid (HOCl) detection, employing a phenothiazine-based organic photosensitizer (Dye-PZ). The designed probe, Dye-PZ, follows a D-π-A structure with phenothiazine as the electron-donating group and a cyano-substituted pyridine unit as the electron-accepting group. A specific reaction of the phenothiazine sulfur atom with HOCl enables selective recognition. The covalent immobilization of Dye-PZ onto a titanium dioxide nanorod-coated fluorine-doped tin oxide electrode (FTO/TiO2) using bromo-silane coupling agent (BrPTMS) resulted in the fabrication of the photoanode FTO/TiO2/BrPTMS/Dye-PZ. The photoanode exhibited a significant photoresponse under visible-light irradiation, with a subsequent reduction in photocurrent upon reaction with HOCl. The oxidation of the phenothiazine sulfur atom to a sulfoxide diminished the internal charge transfer (ICT) effect. Leveraging this principle, the successful photoelectrochemical sensing of HOCl was achieved. The sensor showed high stability, excellent reproducibility, and selective sensitivity for HOCl detection. Our study provides a novel approach for the development of efficient photoelectrochemical sensors based on organic photosensitizers, with promising applications in water quality monitoring and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (L.L.); (Y.Y.); (P.Z.); (R.Z.)
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Liu Q, Li X, Xiao M, Ai Y, Liu G, Ding H, Pu S. A "Turn-on" Fluorescent Probe Based on Phenothiazine for Selectively Recognizing ClO - and its Practical Applications. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:2451-2459. [PMID: 37129794 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03215-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid (HClO), a highly reactive oxygen species, has important effects on human health. High selectivity and sensitivity remain challenges of fluorescent probes for detection of ClO- with a large Stokes shift. This work designed and synthesized a novel phenothiazine-based fluorescent probe TF which can detect ClO- by colorimetric and fluorescent dual signals. TF displayed turn-on fluorescence effect toward ClO- with high selectivity (≥ 28-folds) and sensitivity (LOD = 0.472 μM), fast response time (< 1 min) and large Stokes shift (150 nm) in PBS (pH = 7.4, 40% DMSO). Meanwhile, TF can visualize ClO- on the mung bean sprouts model and apply as testing strips for portable and rapid detecting ClO- by the naked eyes. A phenothiazine-based fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift was synthesized and its responding rapidly ability to detect ClO- was studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xiao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Ai
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichang Ding
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shouzhi Pu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Ecology and Environment, Yuzhang Normal University, Nanchang, 330103, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Li H, Wang X, Yuan K, Lv L, Liu K, Wang C, Pan S, Wang P, Li Z. The luminescent and reaction mechanisms of a fluorescent probe for the detection of hypochlorous acid: Insights from theory. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 294:122572. [PMID: 36889138 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a novel fluorescent probe BMH for detection of hypochlorous acid (HClO), which can increase dramatically the fluorescence intensity and had ultrafast response, a low detection limit and a wide pH range of application. In this paper, we further studied its fluorescence quantum yield and photoluminescence mechanism theoretically. The calculated results indicated the first excited states of BMH and BM (it was the oxidized product by HClO) were bright states with large oscillator strengths, however, due to more larger reorganization energy of BMH, the predicted internal conversion rate kIC of BMH was four orders of magnitude larger than that of BM; moreover, owing to the effect of heavy atom from sulfur atom in BMH, the predicted intersystem crossing rate kisc of BMH was five orders of magnitude larger than that of BM; meanwhile there was no significant difference found between both the predicted radiative rates kr, thus the calculated fluorescence quantum yield of BMH was nearly zero and that of BM was more than 90%, the data showed the BMH had no fluorescence but its oxidated produce BM possessed strong fluorescence. In addition, the reaction mechanism of BMH transforming into BM has been investigated too, according to the potential energy profile, we found that the course of BMH converting into BM consisted of three elementary reactions. The research results revealed the solvent effect can decreased the activation energy, which was more favorable for these elementary reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixue Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu 741001, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu 741001, China
| | - Kun Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu 741001, China
| | - Lingling Lv
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu 741001, China
| | - Kui Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu 741001, China
| | - Changqing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu 741001, China
| | - Sujuan Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu 741001, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu 741001, China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui, Gansu 741001, China.
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Wang H, Zhang C, Jiang Z, Xu L, Liu Z. Fluorescent phenothiazine-fused boron complexes for ratiometric hypochlorite imaging. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1393-1398. [PMID: 36637140 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03824b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent hypochlorite probes with ratiometric imaging ability are highly desirable for imaging hypochlorite in biological systems. However, it is still challenging to develop new scaffolds for these probes. In this study, we demonstrate that phenothiazine-fused boron complexes are promising scaffolds for the design of ratiometric fluorescent hypochlorite probes. The synthesized complexes based on the scaffold show ultrafast and ratiometric absorption/fluorescence changes for hypochlorite. We also developed an endoplasmic reticulum-targeting probe and demonstrated that it has excellent real-time imaging ability for both endogenous and exogenous hypochlorite in the endoplasmic reticulum of living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Changli Zhang
- School of Environmental Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Li Xu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. .,Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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8
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Lu X, Zhan Y, He W. Recent development of small-molecule fluorescent probes based on phenothiazine and its derivates. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112528. [PMID: 35907277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence probes, as analytical tools with the ability to perform rapid and sensitive detection of target analytes, have made outstanding contributions to environmental analysis and bioassays. Considering the expanding developments in these areas, fluorophores play a key role in the de-sign of fluorescence probes. Compared to classical fluorophores, phenothiazines with elec-tron-rich characteristics have been widely applied to construct electron donor-acceptor dyes, which exhibit outstanding performance in both fluorimetric and colorimetric analysis. In addition, these probes also exhibit the pronounced ability in both solution and solid-state, achieving portable detection for environmental analysis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the performance of phenothiazine-based fluorescent probes for detecting various analytes, especially in cations, anions, ROS/RSS, enzyme and other small molecules. The general design rules, response mechanisms and practical applications of the probes are analyzed, followed by a discussion of exiting challenges and future research perspectives. It is hoped that this review will provide a few strategies for the development of phenothiazine-based fluorescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yu Zhan
- School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Wei He
- School of Pharmacy, The Air Force Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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Hou JT, Kwon N, Wang S, Wang B, He X, Yoon J, Shen J. Sulfur-based fluorescent probes for HOCl: Mechanisms, design, and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Liu J, Niu P, Rong Y, Chen W, Liu X, Wei L, Song X. A phenothiazine coumarin based ratiometric fluorescent probe for real-time detection of lysosomal hypochlorite in living cell and zebra fish. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:120024. [PMID: 34119769 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorite (ClO-), a type of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays an essential role in complex biological systems. Real-time detection of the content and distribution of ClO- in cells or subcellular organelle is critically essential. In this paper, a lysosomal-targeted fluorescent probe, Cou-Lyso, was constructed for real-time detection of ClO- in a ratiometric manner, achieving high sensitivity with a low detection limit (0.58 μM). Upon reaction with ClO-, this probe was subjected to a significant fluorescence change from red emission (λmaxem = 610 nm) to green emission (λmaxem = 535 nm) with the ratio of I535 nm/I610 nm displaying a 76-fold enhancement from 0.04 to 3.03. The confocal imaging experiments for Cou-Lyso showed that this probe could detect ClO- in living cell and zebra fish. This probe has been successfully applied to stain lysosome and image lysosomal ClO- based on co-localization imaging experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Peixin Niu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Yifan Rong
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Wenqiang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xingjiang Liu
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Liuhe Wei
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiangzhi Song
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan Province, China
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Zhang Q, Hu X, Dai X, Ling P, Sun J, Chen H, Gao F. General Strategy to Achieve Color-Tunable Ratiometric Two-Photon Integrated Single Semiconducting Polymer Dot for Imaging Hypochlorous Acid. ACS NANO 2021; 15:13633-13645. [PMID: 34374516 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is highly desired and challenging to construct integrated (all-in-one) single semiconducting-polymer-derived dot (Pdot) without any postmodification but with desired performances for bioapplications. In this work, eight hypochlorous acid (HClO)-sensitive integrated polymers and corresponding polymer-derived Pdots are designed through molecular engineering to comparatively study their analytical performances for detecting and imaging HClO. The optimized polymers-derived Pdots are obtained through regulating donor-acceptor structure, the content of HClO-sensitive units, and the position of HClO-sensitive units in the polymer backbone. The designed Pdots display distinguished characteristics including multicolours with blue, yellow, and red three primary fluorescence colors, determination mode from single-channel to dual-channel (ratiometric) quantification, ultrafast response, low detection limit, and high selectivity for ClO- sensing based on specific oxidation of ClO--sensitive unit 10-methylphenothiazine (PT) accompanied by altering the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) processes in Pdots. The prepared integrated Pdots are also applied for two-photon ClO- imaging in HeLa cells and one- and two-photon ClO- imaging produced in acute inflammation in mice with satisfactory results. We believe that the present study not only provides excellent integrated fluorescent nanoprobes for ClO- monitoring in living systems but also extends a general strategy for designing integrated semiconducting polymers and Pdots with desired performances for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiao Hu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Dai
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Pinghua Ling
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyong Sun
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqi Chen
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Gao
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing, Laboratory of Biosensing and Bioimaging (LOBAB), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
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Ma C, Zhong G, Zhao Y, Zhang P, Fu Y, Shen B. Recent development of synthetic probes for detection of hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 240:118545. [PMID: 32521447 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypochlorous acid/hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl-), as one of the most important reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes. Nonproperly located or abnormal concentration of OCl-, however, is associated with many diseases. Thus, developing the fluorescent probe for detecting OCl- is of great significance. To this end, in last decade, many fluorescent probes have been developed and applied for detecting HOCl/OCl- in vitro and in vivo. Despite a great progress has achieved, the development and application of near-infrared fluorescent HOCl/OCl- probe still have some challenges. For example, highly specific and sensitive NIR fluorescent HOCl/OCl- probes applied in endogenous OCl- detection and subcellular organelle bioimaging. In this review, we summarized the representative cases of HOCl/OCl- probes with properties that mentioned above. The discussion contains design strategies, detection mechanisms, as well as applications in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggong Ma
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Guoyan Zhong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States
| | - Ping Zhang
- "Nanjing Normal University-Zhejiang Kingsun Eco-pack" Union Laboratory, Xianju, Zhejiang 317300, China
| | - Yongqian Fu
- "Nanjing Normal University-Zhejiang Kingsun Eco-pack" Union Laboratory, Xianju, Zhejiang 317300, China; School of Life Science, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, Zhejiang 318000, China
| | - Baoxing Shen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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13
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Krishnan KG, Kumar CU, Lim WM, Mai CW, Thanikachalam PV, Ramalingan C. Novel cyanoacetamide integrated phenothiazines: Synthesis, characterization, computational studies and in vitro antioxidant and anticancer evaluations. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Zhao M, Gao Y, Ye S, Ding J, Wang A, Li P, Shi H. A light-up near-infrared probe with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for highly sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase. Analyst 2019; 144:6262-6269. [PMID: 31566642 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01505a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing activatable near-infrared (NIR) probes to specifically monitor and visualize the activities of cancer-related enzymes is highly significant yet challenging in early cancer diagnosis. Taking advantage of the unique photophysical characteristics of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorophores, here we design and synthesize a novel activatable probe QMTP by conjugating an AIE fluorophore quinolone-malononitrile to a hydrophilic phosphate-modified phenol group. The probe was initially non-fluorescent in aqueous solution due to its good water solubility, but was readily activated to generate a strong NIR fluorescence upon treatment with alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which enables specific detection of ALP activity. Furthermore, we have employed QMTP to monitor and spatially map the activity of endogenous ALP both in cancer cells and in drug-treated zebrafish larvae. The experimental results reveal that the QMTP probe has great specificity and sensitivity for ALP detection. We thus believe that our work offers a promising tool for accurate detection of ALP-associated diseases in preclinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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15
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Gong J, Yu M, Wang C, Tan J, Wang S, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Qin A, Tang B, Zhang X. Reaction-based chiroptical sensing of ClO− using circularly polarized luminescence via self-assembly organogel. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10768-10771. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05245c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chiral amino acid functionalized probe, PTZ-D, could self-assemble into a chiral organogel displaying unprecedented chiroptical monitoring of ClO− with switchable CPL signals.
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16
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Tan J, Wang C, Lao HK, Wang W, Feng G, Yuan D, Wu C, Zhang X. Spiro[pyrrol-benzopyran]-based probe with high asymmetry for chiroptical sensing via circular dichroism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:7438-7441. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02946j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We proposed an efficient approach to construct a novel spiro[pyrrol-benzopyran] scaffold with high asymmetry for reaction-based chiroptical sensing via circular dichroism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Tan
- Cancer Centre
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau SAR
- China
| | - Chunfei Wang
- Cancer Centre
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau SAR
- China
| | - Hio Kuan Lao
- Cancer Centre
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau SAR
- China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Gang Feng
- Cancer Centre
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau SAR
- China
| | - Daqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Changfeng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen 518055
- China
| | - Xuanjun Zhang
- Cancer Centre
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau SAR
- China
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