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Zhao HY, Chen YQ, Luo XY, Cai MJ, Li JY, Lin XY, Zhang H, Ding HM, Jiang GL, Hu Y. Ligand Phase Separation-Promoted, "Squeezing-Out" Mode Explaining the Mechanism and Implications of Neutral Nanoparticles That Escaped from Lysosomes. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2162-2183. [PMID: 38198577 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Neutral nanomaterials functionalized with PEG or similar molecules have been popularly employed as nanomedicines. Compared to positive counterparts that are capable of harnessing the well-known proton sponge effect to facilitate their escape from lysosomes, it is yet unclear how neutral substances got their entry into the cytosol. In this study, by taking PEGylated, neutral Au nanospheres as an example, we systematically investigated their time-dependent translocation postuptake. Specifically, we harnessed dissipative particle dynamics simulations to uncover how nanospheres bypass lysosomal entrapment, wherein a mechanism termed as "squeezing-out" mode was discovered. We next conducted a comprehensive investigation on how nanomaterials implicate lysosomes in terms of integrity and functionality. By using single-molecule imaging, specific preservation of PEG-terminated with targeting moieties in lysosomes supports the "squeezing-out" mode as the mechanism underlying the lysosomal escape of nanomaterials. All evidence points out that such a process is benign to lysosomes, wherein the escape of nanomaterials proceeds at the expense of targeting moieties loss. Furthermore, we proved that by fine-tuning of the efficacy of nanomaterials escaping from lysosomes, modulation of distinct pathways and metabolic machinery can be achieved readily, thereby offering us a simple and robust tool to implicate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yue Zhao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials & Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210033, China
| | - Yuan-Qiang Chen
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China
| | - Xing-Yu Luo
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials & Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210033, China
| | - Ming-Jie Cai
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials & Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210033, China
| | - Jia-Yi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xin-Yu Lin
- School of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hong-Ming Ding
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215031, China
| | - Guang-Liang Jiang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yong Hu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials & Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210033, China
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Wang C, Zhou HR, Zhao YT, Xiang ZQ, Pan K, Yang L, Miao AJ. A label-free technique to quantify and visualize gold nanoparticle accumulation at the single-cell level. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134857. [PMID: 35561767 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite their wide bioapplications, potential health risks of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) remain unclear. As a determinant of their risks, AuNP accumulation within a cell population is subject to cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Methods to simultaneously quantify and visualize intracellular AuNPs at the single-cell level are, however, lacking. Here we developed a novel label-free technique, based on hyperspectral imaging with enhanced darkfield microscopy (HSI-DFM), to visualize and quantify AuNP accumulation at the single-cell level. The identification ability of the hyperspectral libraries derived from extra- and intracellular AuNPs was compared. The spectral number in the libraries was optimized to maximize their identification ability while minimizing the identification time. In addition, a filtration method was established to merge spectral libraries from different cell lines based on their similarity. The intracellularly accumulated AuNPs as determined by HSI-DFM well correlated with those detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. This validation allowed us to calculate the intracellular concentration of AuNPs at the single-cell level and to monitor the accumulation kinetics of AuNPs in living cells. The label-free method developed herein can be applied to other types of AuNPs differing in their physicochemical properties as well as other NPs, as long as they are detectable by HSI-DFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Ya-Tong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Zhi-Qian Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Liuyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China
| | - Ai-Jun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210023, China.
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Huo D, Zhu J, Chen G, Chen Q, Zhang C, Luo X, Jiang W, Jiang X, Gu Z, Hu Y. Eradication of unresectable liver metastasis through induction of tumour specific energy depletion. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3051. [PMID: 31296864 PMCID: PMC6624273 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of liver metastasis experiences slow progress owing to the severe side effects. In this study, we demonstrate a strategy capable of eliminating metastatic cancer cells in a selective manner. Nucleus-targeting W18O49 nanoparticles (WONPs) are conjugated to mitochondria-selective mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) containing photosensitizer (Ce6) through a Cathepsin B-cleavable peptide. In hepatocytes, upon the laser irradiation, the generated singlet oxygen species are consumed by WONPs, in turn leading to the loss of their photothermally heating capacity, thereby sparing hepatocyte from thermal damage induced by the laser illumination. By contrast, in cancer cells, the cleaved peptide linker allows WONPs and MSNs to respectively target nucleus and mitochondria, where the therapeutic powers could be unleashed, both photodynamically and photothermally. This ensures the energy production of cancer cells can be abolished. We further assess the underlying molecular mechanism at both gene and protein levels to better understand the therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guojun Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and the California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and the California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingyu Luo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiqun Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhen Gu
- Department of Bioengineering and the California Nanosystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center and Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Yong Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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